1、SPACE EXPLORATIONSPACE EXPLORATIONKEY WORDSKEY WORDSargue for.为为而争论，而争论，(赞成赞成)argue against 争辩争辩(反对反对)argue with sb.on/about/over sth.与与某人争辩某事某人争辩某事【词性变形词性变形】argument n.争论，争辩；争论，争辩；论点论点arguable adj.可论证的可论证的;有论据的有论据的;无把握的无把握的argumentative adj.好争论的好争论的;爱辩论的爱辩论的【拓展用法拓展用法】argue sb.into/out of doing sth.
2、说服某人做说服某人做(不做不做)某事某事Its beyond argument that 无可争辩无可争辩的是的是 argue vt.&vi.vt.&vi.争论争论;争辩争辩;论证论证argue vt.&vi.vt.&vi.争论争论;争辩争辩;论证论证表示表示“说服说服做做”的其他表达形式。的其他表达形式。persuade persuade sbsb.to.to do sth.do sth.persuade persuade sbsb.into.into doing sth.doing sth.convince convince sbsb.to.to do sth.do sth.talk ta
3、lk sbsb.into.into doing sth.doing sth.联想归纳联想归纳 1.1.试试译译：她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告：她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。argue vt.&vi.vt.&vi.争论争论;争辩争辩;论证论证She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.2.2.介词介词填空填空 He argued _ smoking，and insisted
4、 that it was _argument that smoking was harmful to health.My younger sister thinks she can argue her father_increasing her monthly pocket money.Gun control is a subject_which Americans have argued for a long time.againstbeyondintoabout adj.adj.好奇的好奇的 be be curious about curious about 对对好奇好奇 be curio
5、us to do sth.be curious to do sth.好奇做某好奇做某事事【词性变形词性变形】满足满足某人的某人的好奇心好奇心 _ 唤起唤起某人关于某人关于的的好奇心好奇心 _ 出于好奇心出于好奇心 _ 好奇地好奇地 _curioussatisfy ones curiosity satisfy ones curiosity arouse ones curiosity about arouse ones curiosity about out of curiosity out of curiosity with curiosity=curiously with curiosity=
6、curiously vt.vt.查明查明;确定确定;决定决定【词性变形词性变形】determined determined adj.有决心的有决心的,意志意志坚定的坚定的determination determination n.决定决定,确定确定with determination with determination 坚定地坚定地决心做某事:determinedetermine to do sthdetermine to do sth.强调动作强调动作 be be determined to do sth.determined to do sth.强调强调状态状态 a determined
7、 look 坚定的眼神determine1.(2019天津高考)Driven by heaven-knows-what motives,he determines to write a book.2.(P40)However，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space._to help humans realise their dream to explore space,some scientists devote all their energies to 3.Mak
8、e continued and _ efforts to find cases of COVID-19.Determineddeterminedvt.&n.vt.&n.发射；发起；发射；发起；上市上市The enemy The enemy launchedlaunched an attack again an attack again._._The new model will be The new model will be launchedlaunched in July in July._._China will China will launchlaunch another satel
9、lite into space._ another satellite into space._The official The official launchlaunch date is in May date is in May._._launch发起发起,发动（活动）发动（活动）（新产品）新产品）推出；上市；发行推出；上市；发行（航天器）发射（航天器）发射上市，发行上市，发行n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿沿轨道运行；环绕轨道运行；环绕运行运行A new satellite has been put into A new s
10、atellite has been put into orbitorbit around the earth._ around the earth._You should come within his You should come within his orbitorbit._._The earth take a year to The earth take a year to orbitorbit the sun._ the sun._orbit轨道轨道 势力范围势力范围 环绕环绕运行运行 n.跳跃跳跃;剧增剧增;剧变剧变 v.跳过跳过;跃过跃过 (leapt-leapt lept;le
11、aped-leaped)(leapt-leapt lept;leaped-leaped)leap三思而三思而后行后行 _匆忙下结论匆忙下结论;贸然断定贸然断定 _ _赶紧站起来赶紧站起来 _ looklook before you leap before you leap jump/leap to the conclusion that jump/leap to the conclusion that leap to ones feetleap to ones feetadj.adj.失望的；沮丧的失望的；沮丧的disappointed disappoint disappoint vt.vt.
12、使失望使失望disappointing disappointing adj.adj.令人失望的令人失望的disappointment disappointment n.n.失望；沮丧；令人失望的事失望；沮丧；令人失望的事(或人或人)n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望【词性变形词性变形】desirabledesirable adj.令人满意的;值得要的 desireddesired adj.渴望的;想得到的 desire to do desire to do 渴望做 desire that.desire that.希望(从句中用should do结构,should可以省略)a desire for
13、 sth.a desire for sth.渴望 desiresignal to sb.to do sth.signal to sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事示意某人做某事traffic signals:traffic signals:交通信号灯交通信号灯闯红灯闯红灯 _ _ 区分形近词：区分形近词：signsign sasan:v.n:v.签署签署;签字签字n.n.标志标志;迹象迹象;招牌招牌;指示牌指示牌sighsigh sasa:v.:v.叹息叹息;叹气叹气 n.n.叹息叹息;叹气叹气sightsight sasat:n.t:n.看见看见;视力视力;视野视野signalrun/
14、jump the red lightcarry on (P41)This is because people believe in the importance of(P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.space exploration despite the huge risks.carry on carry on 继续做，坚持干继续做，坚持干=continue to do=contin
15、ue to docarry on sth.carry on with sth.carry on doing sth.on board(P41)It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different(P41)It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries countries on boardon board,providing a continuous human presence,providing a continuous human presence in space.in
16、space.在宇宙飞船上在宇宙飞船上在火车上在火车上在船上在船上在飞机上在飞机上黑黑 板板董董 事事 会会broad broad adj.adj.宽的；广阔的宽的；广阔的abroad abroad adv.adv.在国外；到国外在国外；到国外at abroad at abroad 在国外在国外go abroad go abroad 去国外去国外recycleIn In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so that space,astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be it can
17、 be recycledrecycled for later use for later use.n._ 回收利用；循环使用 re-(动词前缀)+cycle(词根)recycle new adj.新的renew v.使更新；重新开始place v.放；置 replace vt.取代；放回move v.移动 remove vt.移开；挪走 use vt.使用 reuse vt.再利用 build v.建；建造 rebuild v.重建re-+adj._ 可再循环的；可回收利用的 recyclablerecyclingrecycling system 回收系统Astronauts bones an
18、d can get very weak in space due to gravity,so they need to exercise every day,wich will help them stay healthy.（a a）lack of lack of 缺少缺少 for lack of for lack of 因为缺乏因为缺乏lack sth.lack sth.缺乏缺乏be be lacking in lacking in 缺乏缺乏 （adj.adj.）lacklack n.缺乏；短缺（通常用单数）（通常用单数）vt.没有；缺乏（不用于被动）（不用于被动）lacking adj.没
19、有，匮乏，不在场（inin）beyondSending people to other planets or eventhe solar system is not an easy goal _(achieve).to achievebeyond beyond prep.prep.在在.较远的一边较远的一边 超出超出(时间，时间，数量，水平，范围）数量，水平，范围）除除.以外（否以外（否/疑问句）疑问句）adv.adv.再更远处，更往后再更远处，更往后beyond常用词快beyond ones comprehension 超出某人理解能力超出某人理解能力beyond compare 无与伦比无
20、与伦比 beyond repair:无法修复无法修复without/beyond doubt 毫无疑问毫无疑问;的确的确 beyond expression 无法形容，表达不出无法形容，表达不出beyond/above/out of ones reach:在摸在摸/够够/拿不到的拿不到的地方地方It is beyond sb that/why:使某人无法理解使某人无法理解/想象想象eg:Its quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.figure out弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白;计算动词动词+out:carry out
21、 执行，履行 give out 用完,耗尽,分发make out 看清,听清,理解 pick out 精心挑选，辨别出set out 出发动身,开始工作 sort out 整理，把安排好work out 解决,计算,锻炼身体,成功发展block out 挡住光线/声音 try out 测试,实验sufficientadj.足够的；充足的sufficiency n.足够；充分sufficiently adv.足够地；充分地短语识记be sufficient for 对来说是足够的be sufficient to do sth.足够做某事observe 1.observe sb._(do)sth.
22、看到看到做了做了某事某事(全过程全过程)_(do)sth.看到看到正在做正在做某事某事_(do)sth.看到某人看到某人被被在被动语态中，不定式在被动语态中，不定式to do to do 中的中的toto要还原要还原dodoingdone主动主动被动被动1.When I passed his house，I observed him _(play)in his yard.2.He is often observed _(cheat)at cards(作弊).3._(observe)carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in
23、the lab.4.We observe the blackboard _(clean)just now.5.When we drive back home to _(庆祝春节),we must _(遵守交通规则)playingto cheatObservecleanedobserve the Spring Festivalobserve the traffic rulesadj.adj.坦率的；直言不讳的坦率的；直言不讳的bebe outspokenoutspoken inin 在在方面直言不讳方面直言不讳e.g.e.g.SheShe waswas outspokenoutspoken in
24、in herher criticismcriticism ofof thethe plan.plan.她直言不讳地批评该计划。她直言不讳地批评该计划。【构词法构词法】outspokenoutspoken 是由词组是由词组 speakspeak outout （公开反对）转化而来的合成形容词。类似的（公开反对）转化而来的合成形容词。类似的 adjadj 还有：还有：e.g.e.g.standstand outout 出色，杰出出色，杰出 outstandingoutstanding adj.adj.杰出的杰出的 wearwear outout 用坏，用尽用坏，用尽 outwornoutworn
25、adj.adj.过时的，无用的过时的，无用的 castcast outout 把把赶走，驱逐赶走，驱逐 outcastoutcast adj.adj.被驱逐的，被抛弃的被驱逐的，被抛弃的 outspokenvt vt.尊敬，尊敬，尊重尊重respect respect sb.for sth.因某事尊敬某人因某事尊敬某人 e.g.We all respect him for his bravery in the war.我们都为他在战争中的勇气而尊重他。我们都为他在战争中的勇气而尊重他。Respect yourself,or no one else will respect you.君须自敬，人
26、乃敬之。君须自敬，人乃敬之。show/have respect for sb.对对表示尊敬表示尊敬 win/gain/earn the respect of sb.赢得某人的尊重赢得某人的尊重 e.g.We should show respect for our parents.我们应该尊敬我们的父母。我们应该尊敬我们的父母。n.1n.1）尊敬，尊重尊敬，尊重respect out of respect 出于对出于对的尊敬的尊敬 e.g.Out of respect for her family,the affair was not reported in the media.出于对她家人的尊
27、敬，这件事没有被媒体报道出于对她家人的尊敬，这件事没有被媒体报道 in this respect/in some respects/in all respects 在在这方面这方面/某些方面某些方面/所有方面所有方面 e.g.This proposal is excellent in all respects.这个提议在各个方面都是完美的。n.2n.2）方面；细节；问候（）方面；细节；问候（plpl）respect【词性变形词性变形】respectable adj.值得尊敬的值得尊敬的,体面的体面的 He came from a perfectly respectable middle-cla
28、ss family.respectful adj.尊敬人的尊敬人的/有礼貌的有礼貌的 The children in our family are always respectful to their elders.respective adj.各自的；分别的各自的；分别的 They are each recognized as specialists in their respective fields.respect【语法填空语法填空】1.They had little respect _ their grandparents.2.The professor _(respect)for h
29、is wide knowledge of all.3.The new house is in all _(respect)better than the old one.4.We hope our _(respect)president will pay attention to our suggestions.5.We were brought up to be _(respect)to authority.foris respectedrespectsrespectablerespectfulvi vi.争论；争辩争论；争辩argue 1.argue with sb about sth.关
30、于某事和关于某事和争论争论 e.g.Its no use arguing with him about the question for he wont change his mind.跟跟他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他不会改变他的想法他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他不会改变他的想法。2.argue for/against sth.争论争论支持支持/反对反对 e.g.I argued for the plan while my elder sister argued against it.我我赞成这个计划，而我的姐姐反对它赞成这个计划，而我的姐姐反对它。vt vt.主张，认为；说服主张，认为
31、；说服argue 1.argue sb.into/out of doing.说服某人做说服某人做/不做某不做某事事 e.g.We try to argue him out of going on such a dangerous journey.我们努力说服他不要去进行如此危险的旅行。我们努力说服他不要去进行如此危险的旅行。n.argument 争论争论 beyond argument 毫无争议毫无争议的的n.n.娱乐；款待娱乐；款待UU；（具体的）娱乐表演；（具体的）娱乐表演CCentertainment e.g.A movie theater is a place of entertain
32、ment.电影院是公共娱乐场所。电影院是公共娱乐场所。e.g.The local entertainments are listed in the newspaper.报纸上登有本地的娱乐表演节目。报纸上登有本地的娱乐表演节目。vt.vt.entertainentertain 娱乐；招待娱乐；招待 entertainentertain oneselfoneself 自娱自乐自娱自乐 adj.adj.entertainingentertaining 令人愉悦的令人愉悦的v.v.聚集；涌入聚集；涌入crowd e.ge.g.HeHe managedmanaged toto crowdcrowd i
33、ntointo thethe bus.bus.crowdcrowd inin 想法、问题涌上心头想法、问题涌上心头 e.ge.g.Memories crowded in his mindMemories crowded in his mind.回忆涌上他的心头。回忆涌上他的心头。crowdedcrowded adj.adj.拥挤的拥挤的vt.vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考，赋予灵感鼓舞；激励；启发思考，赋予灵感inspireinspireinspire sbsb toto dodo 鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事 （encourageencourage sbsb toto dodo e.ge.g.T
34、heThe teacherteacher inspiresinspires hishis studentsstudents toto givegive theirtheir opinionsopinions actively.actively.这位老师鼓励学生们在课堂上积极发表自己的观点。这位老师鼓励学生们在课堂上积极发表自己的观点。TheThe beautifulbeautiful sceneryscenery inspiredinspired thethe composercomposer.美丽的风景给了这位作曲家灵感。美丽的风景给了这位作曲家灵感。vt.vt.使产生使产生inspirei
35、nspire sbsb withwith sthsth =inspireinspire sthsth inin sbsb 使某人产生使某人产生 感觉感觉/情感情感e.ge.g.WhatWhat mymy fatherfather saidsaid inspiredinspired meme withwith a a lovelove ofof learning.learning.=WhatWhat mymy fatherfather saidsaid inspiredinspired a a lovelove ofof learninglearning inin me.me.父亲父亲的一番话激
36、起了的一番话激起了我对学习的热爱我对学习的热爱。inspireinspiringinspiring adj.adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的inspiredinspired adj.adj.品质优秀的，能力卓越的；借助于灵感品质优秀的，能力卓越的；借助于灵感创作的创作的inspirationinspiration n.n.UU 灵感；灵感；CC 鼓舞人心的人或事鼓舞人心的人或事【词性变形词性变形】vt.vt.支持，拥护支持，拥护supportsupportsupport sbsb inin sthsth 在某方面支持某人在某方面支持某人e.ge.g.TheyThey sup
37、portsupport eacheach otherother inin theirtheir study.study.他们在学习上互相扶持。他们在学习上互相扶持。support a family=raise a family 养家养家vt.vt.抚养，赡养；养活；支撑抚养，赡养；养活；支撑supportsupport oneselfoneself 自食其力自食其力e.ge.g.I I willwill supportsupport myselfmyself afterafter graduationgraduation fromfrom university.university.大学毕业后
38、我要自食其力。大学毕业后我要自食其力。n.n.支持；拥护支持；拥护supportinin supportsupport ofof 支持支持 (作表语作表语/定语）定语）e.ge.g.OnlyOnly a a fewfew peoplepeople spokespoke inin supportsupport ofof thethe proposal.proposal.只有几个人表示支持这一提议。只有几个人表示支持这一提议。【词性变形词性变形】supportersupporter n.n.支持者；拥护者支持者；拥护者supportivesupportive adj.adj.同情的；支持的；给予帮
39、助的同情的；支持的；给予帮助的vi.vi.谈到；查阅；参考谈到；查阅；参考referrefer to1.提到；谈及；说起提到；谈及；说起 I promised not to refer to the matter again.2.描述；涉及；与描述；涉及；与相关相关 This paragraph referred to the events of last year.3.查阅；参考；征询查阅；参考；征询 You may refer to a dictionary if you want.referrefer to sb./sth.as 把把称作称作 e.g.e.g.SheShe alwaysa
40、lways refersrefers toto herher sonson asas “a a littlelittle monkey”.monkey”.她总是称她儿子为她总是称她儿子为“一个淘气的小猴子一个淘气的小猴子”。reference n.参考书目参考书目 e.g.e.g.There is a list of references at the end of each There is a list of references at the end of each chapter.chapter.偶然遇见；碰见偶然遇见；碰见 =runrun acrossacross =meetmeet
41、 byby chancechance come acrosse.ge.g.I I camecame acrossacross somesome mistakesmistakes whenwhen I I waswas lookinglooking throughthrough youryour paper.paper.我在看你的论文时我在看你的论文时偶然发现偶然发现了几处错误。了几处错误。短语归纳短语归纳 come 相关短语相关短语：come aboutcome out come up come up with sth发生发生 =happenhappen出现；开花；出版或发表出现；开花；出版或
42、发表升起；出现；被提出升起；出现；被提出 提出（办法、建议）；找到（答案）提出（办法、建议）；找到（答案）n.n.比率；速度比率；速度rateatat a a /thethe raterate ofof .以以比率比率 /速速度度 e.g.e.g.DuringDuring thethe epidemic,epidemic,small and medium-sized small and medium-sized enterprisesenterprises areare disappearingdisappearing atat thethe raterate ofof roughlyroug
43、hly twotwo perper week.week.疫情期间，中小企业正以大约每周两个的速度消失。疫情期间，中小企业正以大约每周两个的速度消失。vt.vt.计划；打算；想要计划；打算；想要intend1.intendintend doingdoing /toto dodo 打算打算/计划做计划做 e.g.e.g.WhatWhat dodo youyou intendintend doingdoing inin thethe newnew semester?semester?新学期你打算怎么做？新学期你打算怎么做？2.intendintend sbsb toto dodo sthsth 打算
44、让某人做某事打算让某人做某事 e.g.e.g.HeHe intendsintends hishis sonson toto taketake overover hishis business.business.他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。3.bebe intendedintended forfor 是为是为而准备的；专供而准备的；专供 使用的使用的 （=bebe designeddesigned /meantmeant forfor )e.ge.g.ThisThis bookbook isis intendedintended forfor beginners.
45、beginners.这本书是为初学者写的。这本书是为初学者写的。vt.vt.计划；打算；想要计划；打算；想要 intend4.hadhad intendedintended toto dodo 本打算做某事（未曾实现的意图）本打算做某事（未曾实现的意图）e.g.e.g.I I hadhad intendedintended notnot toto eat,eat,butbut I I couldncouldnt t refuserefuse thethe food.food.n.n.intentionintention 意图；目的意图；目的 anan intentionintention 一个
46、意图一个意图 adj.adj.考虑周到的；体贴的考虑周到的；体贴的 considerate e.g.e.g.HeHe isis alwaysalways politepolite andand considerateconsiderate to/towardsto/towards thethe old.old.他对待老人总是礼貌又体贴。他对待老人总是礼貌又体贴。【词性变形词性变形】considerconsider vt.vt.考虑；认为考虑；认为considerationconsideration n n.UU 考虑；关心考虑；关心considerate1.consider doing sth
47、.考虑某事考虑某事 e.g.Would you consider working in New York next year?2.be considered to be/as.被认为被认为；被看作；被看作 e.g.He was considered to be an expert on the subject.3.take.into consideration考虑到考虑到；体谅；体谅 e.g.Everything _(take)into consideration,its practical.4.show consideration for 对对 表示体谅表示体谅 e.g.You showed
48、 no consideration for my feelings at all.taken你根本不顾及我的感受。你根本不顾及我的感受。vt.vt.接生；助产；分娩接生；助产；分娩 deliverdeliver a a babybaby 接生接生 bebe delivereddelivered ofof a a babybaby 生产；分生产；分娩娩 =give=give birthbirth toto a a babybaby deliver e.g.e.g.HerHer babybaby waswas delivereddelivered byby herher ownown privat
49、eprivate doctor.doctor.她的孩子是由她的私人医生接生的。她的孩子是由她的私人医生接生的。SheShe waswas delivereddelivered ofof a a healthyhealthy baby.baby.她生下一个健康的宝宝。她生下一个健康的宝宝。vt.vt.递送；送达递送；送达 deliverdeliver sthsth toto 把某物送到把某物送到 deliver e.g.e.g.DuringDuring thethe epidemic,epidemic,thethe schoolschool hashas thethe textbookstext
50、books delivereddelivered toto allall students.students.疫情期间，学校将教材运送给了每位学生。疫情期间，学校将教材运送给了每位学生。vt.vt.发表（演讲）；宣布；发布发表（演讲）；宣布；发布 deliverdeliver a a speechspeech 发表演讲发表演讲 e.g.e.g.TheThe speechspeech delivereddelivered byby himhim mademade usus veryvery inspired.inspired.他发表的演讲让我们很受鼓舞。他发表的演讲让我们很受鼓舞。deliver
