1、Unit 1 People of achievementUnit 1 People of achievement Period 3 Learning about language Period 3 Learning about language Non-restrictive Clauses Non-restrictive Clauses Revision使用适当的关系词填空。1.That is the boy _ mother is a famous musician.3.The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.2
2、.We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.that/who(which/that)whose4.Ill never forget the day _(=_ which)I was born.5.I visited the house _(=_ which)Lu Xun once lived.6.The reason _(=_ which)he got worried was this.when on where in why for Revision一、定语从句的定义：用来修饰名词或
3、代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。That is the boy _ mother is a famous musician.定语从句归纳总结 whose先行词先行词关系代词关系代词定语从句定语从句Revision定语从句归纳总结二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代先行词作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.(which/t
4、hat)Revision定语从句归纳总结三、关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代关系指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的作在定语从句中的作用用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose主语宾语宾语主语宾语主语宾语定语Practice 2.In fact Tom did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A.where B.who C.in which D.which1.The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A.wh
5、ose B.who C.whom D.which3.This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A.where B./C.when D.what4.This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A.where B.that C.which D.on which四、介词+关系代词：1、介词后关系代词的选择：指人用whom,指物用which2、介词的选择：一看与先行词的固定搭配,二看与谓语动词的搭配,三看与其他词语的搭配1)Ill never forget the day _(=_ which)I got m
6、arried.2)I came across my primary teacher just now,_ _ I have lost louch for almost 20 years.when onwith whom 五,代词/名词/数词/形容词最高级/介词短语+of+关系代词1.They lived in a tall building,in front of stood a big tree.2.There are more than 50 students in my class,26 of are girls.3.His family members dont like the se
7、cond-hand car,the price of is very high.4.It is reported that two schools,both of are being built,will open next year.5.When western people talk about the cities of China,the first of comes to their minds is Beijing.whichwhomwhichwhichwhich六,介词+whose+名词1.I wish to thank professor Smith,without help
8、I would never have got this far.2.The Dragon Tower,from top visitors can enjoy a good sight of Harbin,attracts hundreds of tourists every day.whosewhose Non-restrictive Clauses Non-restrictive Clauses 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 定义：非限定性定语从句是对先行词或整个主句进行附加说明，主从句的关系并不十分密切，如果省略非限定性定语从句，主句的意义仍然完整清楚。主句和从句之间往往用逗号隔开Co
9、mparisionThe woman who discovered Artemisinin was awarded the Nobel Prize.Tu Youyou,who discovered Artemisinin,was awarded the Nobel Prize.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果非限定性定语从句只是对先行词做些非限定性定语从句只是对先行词做些附加说明附加说明，即使，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。它与主句之间通。它与主句之间通常用逗常用逗号隔开号隔开。翻译时常常译成。翻译时常常译成与主句并列的句子与主句并列的句子。Co
10、mparision2.The book tells us about Alexander Fleming,who discovered penicillin.1.The book tells us about Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin.这本书讲述的亚历山大这本书讲述的亚历山大弗莱明的故事。弗莱明的故事。他他发现盘尼西林发现盘尼西林。这本书讲述的这本书讲述的发现盘尼西林的发现盘尼西林的亚历山大亚历山大弗莱明的故事。弗莱明的故事。(从句为从句为非限制性非限制性定语从句，定语从句，翻译时常常译成翻译时常常译成与主句并与主句并列的句列的句子
11、子。)(从句为从句为限制性限制性定语从句，定语从句，翻译时常常翻译时常常做定语做定语)Summary小结小结限制性限制性定语从句定语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句意义上意义上从句与主句从句与主句关系紧凑关系紧凑，从句对，从句对先行词起先行词起修饰限定修饰限定作用，不可作用，不可省略，否则省略，否则会影响句意的完会影响句意的完整。整。功能上功能上结构上结构上从句与主句的从句与主句的关系相对松散关系相对松散，从句用于从句用于补充主句的内容和补充主句的内容和信息信息，去掉去掉从句从句不影响句意不影响句意的完整。的完整。修饰修饰先行词或整个主句先行词或整个主句1.1.主句，从句之间多主句，从句之
12、间多用逗号用逗号隔开隔开2.2.关系词关系词不省略不省略3.3.不能用不能用thatthat，whywhy 引导引导4 4，翻译成与主句的，翻译成与主句的并列句并列句修饰修饰先行词先行词1.1.没有停顿，主句与从句之没有停顿，主句与从句之间间不用逗号不用逗号 2.2.关系词若在从句中关系词若在从句中作宾语作宾语,可省略可省略.3.3.所有关系词可用所有关系词可用4.4.翻译成翻译成定语定语Observation1.There hasnt been any news about him since he left home,which upsets me.自从他离开家后就没有他的任何消息，这使我
13、很不安。自从他离开家后就没有他的任何消息，这使我很不安。在这里，在这里，which 引导的从句，指代前面的整个主句。引导的从句，指代前面的整个主句。Observation2.Taiwan belongs to China，as everybody knows.=As is known to us,Taiwan belongs to China.众所周知，台湾属于中国。众所周知，台湾属于中国。在这里，在这里，as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句，可以放引导的定语从句，代表整个主句，可以放在主句之前或之后，在主句之前或之后，as 在从句中作宾语或主语。在从句中作宾语或主语。Summary：as wh
14、ich 引导非限定从的区别小结小结aswhich指代指代只能指代只能指代整个主句整个主句的内容的内容意义意义位置位置可位于主句之可位于主句之前前，之，之中中或之或之后后引导从句只能位于主句之引导从句只能位于主句之后后功能功能表达说话人的观点，看法，并表达说话人的观点，看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处指出主句内容的根据或出处as the saying goes as the saying goes as is known to allas is known to all在意义上相当于主句的一个并列句可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分可指代主句的一部分这一点，这件事
15、这一点，这件事正如，像正如，像How to change into non-restrictive relative clauses?如何变成非限制性定语从句？如何变成非限制性定语从句？Example1.We were very impressed by the old man.He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.2.Afterwards,Einstein had to flee Germany.Hitler was in power there.We were very impressed by the old man,who was not w
16、illing to acknowledge defeat.Afterwards,Einstein had to flee Germany,where(=in Germany)Hitler was in power.the old man He=?我们对那个老人印象非常深刻，他不愿意承认失败。Germanythere=?后来，爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国，在那里希特勒掌权。Practice3.There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.4.The teacher asked us t
17、o listen to a speech by his favorite novelist,J.K.Rowling.It inspired us a lot.There is nothing we can do to help Linda,whose circumstances are beyond our control.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist,J.K.Rowling,which inspired us a lot.她的?_我们帮不了Linda，她的的境况超出了我们的控制。=?_老
18、师要求我们听他最喜爱的小说家J.K.罗琳的演讲，这个（演讲）让我们非常鼓舞。Special cases运用非限制性定语从句的情况运用非限制性定语从句的情况当关系词指代整个主句内容时当关系词指代整个主句内容时1.The boy was away from home for a week,which worried his parents very much.小男孩离家一个星期了，这使他的父母很担心小男孩离家一个星期了，这使他的父母很担心 2.The book is very touching,as most readers say.正如大多数读者所说的，正如大多数读者所说的，这本书很感人。这本书
19、很感人。运用非限制性定语从句的情况运用非限制性定语从句的情况1.Jinan,which is a nice city,attracts many visitors every day.济南是美丽的城市，每天吸引了很多的游客。济南是美丽的城市，每天吸引了很多的游客。2.John Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.约翰约翰史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时。当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时。Special cases运用非限制性定语从句的情
20、况运用非限制性定语从句的情况当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属（当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属（son,daughter等）等）1.I have an elder brother,who worked in Beijing.我有一个哥哥，他在北京工作。（只有一个哥哥）我有一个哥哥，他在北京工作。（只有一个哥哥）2.Her daughter,who is now studying in New York,graduated from our school.她的女儿，是在我们学校毕业的，现在正在纽约学习。她的女儿，是在我们学校毕业的，现在正在纽约学习。（只有一个女儿）（只有一个女儿）Special c
21、ases非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.whichPractice1.
22、The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,_ is known to everybody.A.which B.this C.that D.it2.Beethoven,_health was poor,became a very famous musician in the end.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which3.He will have to wait until next month,_everything has been ready.A.which B.where C.when D.by what 4.The shop assistant was very rude to the customer,_ made the latter very angry.A.who B.whom C.which D.what
