1、前列腺穿刺活检一、经直肠超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术一、经直肠超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术 transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)guidance transrectal prostate biopsy二、经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术二、经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术 transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)guidance transperineal prostate biopsy 经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的适应证经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的适应证:PSA4ng/ml;且DRE或经直肠超声检查(TRUS)异常,行 可疑部位
2、活检3针。PSAl0ng/ml,行前列腺不同方向系统性随机活检6针。当PSA在410ng/ml之间,DRE或TRUS异常,行系统性随 机活检6针。当PSA正常,DRE或TRUS异常行可疑部位活检3针。一、经直肠超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术一、经直肠超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术 transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)guidance transrectal prostate biopsy超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检1.传统6点穿刺2.10点穿刺:10点穿刺位点组合有多种,多数是在传统 6点和外周带外侧6点中去掉外侧底部,中 部、尖部或旁正中线底部2点。4.13点穿刺:
3、在6点基础上增加左、右叶外周带外侧各 2点及中线3点。5.饱和穿刺:从左、右叶远外侧(前角)外周带至中线逐 点活检,前列腺体积越大,穿刺点数越多。系统穿刺针数系统穿刺针数3.12点穿刺:在6点基础上增加左、右叶外侧底部、中 部及尖部各1点。sextant5区13针饱和穿刺各种前列前超声探头各种前列前超声探头进针角度前列腺穿刺标本小瓶体位胸膝位体位侧卧位二、经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术二、经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术 transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)guidance transperineal prostate biopsy 手指引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺
4、活检Scheme of transperineal six-core biopsyScheme of transperineal six-core biopsyThe needle for transperineal biopsy The needle for transperineal biopsy must be exactly parallel to the ul-must be exactly parallel to the ul-trasound probe to obtain a specimen trasound probe to obtain a specimen from t
5、he targeted area.from the targeted area.The transrectal biopsy is performed The transrectal biopsy is performed on a different axison a different axis1:右前区,10:左前区,2:右中外区,9:左中外区 3:右中区,8:左中区,4:右后外角区,7:左后外侧角区5:右后区,6:左后区(图中未显示的 11区为前列腺尖部 前列腺横断面各区分布示意图前列腺横断面各区分布示意图经会阴前列腺穿刺活检定位模板图经会阴前列腺穿刺活检定位模板图经直肠和经会阴前列腺
6、穿刺的对比A.A.Systematic sextant transversal(transrectal)biopsySystematic sextant transversal(transrectal)biopsyB.Sextant longitudinal(transperineal)biopsyB.Sextant longitudinal(transperineal)biopsy.术前准备术前准备1、清洁灌肠,排空粪便(常用消化科专用缓泻剂 如口服胃肠清洗液3000ml或聚乙二醇溶液代替 清洁灌肠直至排空粪便或用200ml甘油灌肠后 排空粪便)。2、术前一天开始口服预防性抗菌药物,共四天3
7、、口服阿司匹林等抗凝药物者,应停药一周以上,4、活检前用碘伏对直肠粘膜和肛周皮肤进行消毒。穿刺前进行直肠消毒禁忌症忌症1、凝血功能障碍2、急性前列腺炎3、免疫功能低下,糖尿病患者血糖未控制4、肛门狭窄,严重痔疮、无肛患者,可经 会阴途径活检并发症及预防:1、感染:菌血症败血症2、直肠出血,血肿3、血尿:重复前列腺活检适应症:1、常规前列腺活检阴性,而直肠指诊可及结节、PSA10ng/ml或继续增高。2、临床高度怀疑前列腺癌的存在。3、前列腺活检发现癌前病变高级别前列腺内 皮瘤或非典型增生细胞,并根据临床某些迹 象担心前列腺癌可能漏检。前列腺穿刺活检联合前列腺穿刺活检联合TURPTURP诊断前列
8、腺癌诊断前列腺癌Role of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate and Biopsyof the Peripheral Zone in the Same Session after RepeatedNegative Biopsies in the Diagnosis of Prostate CancerEuropean Urology 49(2 0 0 6)873878Combining biopsies of the far lateral prostate and TURP is a safe and useful diagnostic tool after repeated negative biopsies.In our series,no serious complications occurred and the detection rate of cancer was high as 57%afterthree or more consecutive negative biopsies.谢 谢