1、Adverbial clausesAdverbial clauses状语从句状语从句1状语状语作用：修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句作用：修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句We study We study at schoolat school every dayevery day时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语状语从句状语从句种类种类：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较状语从句充当句子的状语时，起状语从句充当句子的状语时，起_作用。作用。状语从句一般由状语从句一般由_引导，也可以由引导，也可以由_引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔
2、开，引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。副词副词从属连词从属连词词组词组2一一.时间状语从句时间状语从句as/when/whileas/when/while(1)Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especially(1)Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especially _ father was away in France._ father was away in France.as/when/w
3、hileas/when/while(2)_the teacher(2)_the teacher camecame in,we in,we were were doing our doing our homework.homework.(3)(3)_Tom was hanging around,he came across his _Tom was hanging around,he came across his old friend.old friend.(4)(4)_time went by,people began to realize the _time went by,people
4、began to realize the importance of protecting our environment from being importance of protecting our environment from being polluted.polluted.(5)(5)She sings _ she dances.She sings _ she dances.When When While While As As as asWhen(When(at or during the timeat or during the time )引导的时间状语从句可以表引导的时间状
5、语从句可以表示时间点，也可以表示时间段，多用一般时态。示时间点，也可以表示时间段，多用一般时态。While(While(during the timeduring the time)引导的时间状语从引导的时间状语从句表示主语在一段时间内所处的状态，句表示主语在一段时间内所处的状态，多用进行时态。多用进行时态。随着随着一边一边一边一边3*until&till until&till 常常可以通用，置于句首常用常常可以通用，置于句首常用untiluntil。One with strong perseverance and patience will insist on One with strong
6、 perseverance and patience will insist on doing his work _he achieves his goal.doing his work _he achieves his goal.till/untiltill/untiltill/untiltill/untiltill/until:till/until:直到直到 为止为止notuntil/till notuntil/till 直到直到才才He didHe didntnt realize he had wasted much time playing realize he had wasted
7、much time playing computer games computer games untiluntil he failed in the exam.he failed in the exam.倒装倒装:强调强调:Not untilNot until he failed in the exam,he failed in the exam,diddid he realize he had he realize he had wasted much time playing computer games.wasted much time playing computer games.I
8、t is not untilIt is not until he failed in the exam he failed in the exam that that he realizhe realizeded he had wasted much time playing computer games.he had wasted much time playing computer games.4He has made great achievements in his work _ he He has made great achievements in his work _ he gr
9、aduated.graduated.since/since/afterafter小结：小结：sincesince引导时间状语从句，意为引导时间状语从句，意为“自自从从”。一般。一般从句用一般过去时主句用现从句用一般过去时主句用现在完成时在完成时。It is(has been)+It is(has been)+时间时间+since+since+从句从句 (did)(did)“自从自从以来（已经）多久了以来（已经）多久了”我把集邮当兴趣爱好已有十年了。我把集邮当兴趣爱好已有十年了。It It is(has been)is(has been)ten years since I ten years s
10、ince I tooktook upup the the hobby of collecting stamps.hobby of collecting stamps.5一一就就引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句:The PLA began to help the victims _ The PLA began to help the victims _ _ they got to the earth-_ they got to the earth-stricken area.stricken area.as soon as/the moment/the minute/as soon as/t
11、he moment/the minute/immediately/directly immediately/directly no sooner than,hardly.when,scarcelywhenno sooner than,hardly.when,scarcelywhen主句中的动词用主句中的动词用过去完成过去完成时。放在句首时句子时。放在句首时句子部分倒部分倒装装。(P235)(P235)No soonerNo sooner had had he he satsat down down than than hehe focused on studyfocused on study.
12、他一坐下来就专注于学习。他一坐下来就专注于学习。_ had had he he satsat down down _ _ hehe focused on studyfocused on study.whenwhen Hardly Hardly 67有志者事竟成有志者事竟成WhereWhere there is a will,there is a way.there is a will,there is a way.地点状语从句通常由地点状语从句通常由where,whereverwhere,wherever引导，引导，1.The Red Cross is expected to send hel
13、p 1.The Red Cross is expected to send help _there is human suffering._there is human suffering.2.2.One of thOne of the successful peoples strong points is e successful peoples strong points is that they can succeed _ others fail.that they can succeed _ others fail.whereverwhereverwherewhere 我们应该到最需要
14、我们的地方去。我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。We should go _ we are needed most.We should go _ we are needed most.We should go to the place _ we are needed most.We should go to the place _ we are needed most.定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句wherewherewherewhere8引导连词：引导连词：because,because of,as,since,forbecause,because of,as,since,for91.Why1
15、.Why do you write an English resume?do you write an English resume?-I write it to apply for the post of traffic-I write it to apply for the post of traffic policeman,_ I want to apply theory to practice.policeman,_ I want to apply theory to practice.becausebecause becausebecause回答回答why,why,直接原因直接原因,
16、语气最强语气最强2._ youve made it up with him,you might 2._ youve made it up with him,you might as well get on well withas well get on well with his familyhis family.“既然既然”，一般用于句首。，一般用于句首。4.She must be deeply moved by his courage_ 4.She must be deeply moved by his courage_ her eyes brim with tears.her eyes
17、brim with tears.for for for for 对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断,不放在句首。不放在句首。3._ it is raining,youd better take a taxi.3._ it is raining,youd better take a taxi.已知事实已知事实 ;众所周知众所周知 Since Since AsAs10在表语从句和强调句中，只能用在表语从句和强调句中，只能用becausebecause引导引导.5.It is _5.It is _ he serves the people heart and soul he
18、 serves the people heart and soul that everyone thinks highly of him.that everyone thinks highly of him.becausebecause6._ his kindness6._ his kindness，he is easy to he is easy to make a lot of friends.make a lot of friends.Because ofBecause ofbecausebecause of of 后只能接名词、代词或名后只能接名词、代词或名词性短语，不能跟句子词性短语
19、，不能跟句子1112连接词：连接词：if,unless(ifnot),so/as long as,if,unless(ifnot),so/as long as,on condition that(on condition that(只要只要;以以.为条件为条件 )，in in case(case(假使假使;以免以免)等等You can go out to take exercise You can go out to take exercise on condition thaton condition that you you finish your homework on time.fin
20、ish your homework on time.Take an umbrella Take an umbrella in casein case it rains.it rains.你可以出去锻炼一下，条件是你要依时完成作业。你可以出去锻炼一下，条件是你要依时完成作业。带把雨伞以防下雨。带把雨伞以防下雨。_ you work hard,you will fail to you work hard,you will fail to achieve your goal.achieve your goal.UnlessUnlessunless:unless:除非除非,含有否定意义。含有否定意义。
21、131.We form a good habit of getting up early1.We form a good habit of getting up early _we can memorize what we _we can memorize what we have learned more easily.have learned more easily.2._succeed,he worked day and night.2._succeed,he worked day and night.3.He practices his penmanship _ 3.He practi
22、ces his penmanship _ make a good impression on others.make a good impression on others.目的状语从句目的状语从句so that,in order that,so as to,in order to,so that,in order that,so as to,in order to,so that in order thatso that in order thatIn order toIn order toin order to in order to so as to so as toin order t
23、oin order to可以用在句首或句中，可以用在句首或句中，但但so as toso as to只能用在句只能用在句中。中。14让步状语从句让步状语从句_ I get high grades in my studies,_ I get high grades in my studies,yet yet I I still feel somewhat afraid of my mother.still feel somewhat afraid of my mother.I wont lose courage _ I fail ten I wont lose courage _ I fail
24、ten times.times.Although/ThoughAlthough/Thougheven if/even thougheven if/even thoughalthough/thoughalthough/though不能与不能与butbut连用，但可以与连用，但可以与yetyet连用。连用。连接词连接词：though/althoughthough/although；even if/even thougheven if/even though；howeverhowever；whateverwhatever；wherever wherever 等引导等引导15 A mixture of
25、 friends can help me with _difficulties A mixture of friends can help me with _difficulties I encounter in life.I encounter in life._asks for help,she is ready to help._asks for help,she is ready to help.No matter whoNo matter who=Whoever=Whoeverwhateverwhateverwh-everwh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状既可引导名词性
26、从句，又可引导让步状语从句。语从句。no matter wh-no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。只能引导让步状语从句。16 No matter how hardNo matter how hard he trieshe tries,he fails to catch a goat.,he fails to catch a goat.无论有多困难，我们都要坚持到底。无论有多困难，我们都要坚持到底。No matter how difficultNo matter how difficult it isit is,we will stick to it/,we will stick t
27、o it/keep it up.keep it up.我认为我认为孩子们想要什么就给什么是不明智的。这孩子们想要什么就给什么是不明智的。这很容易宠坏他们。很容易宠坏他们。I I consider it unwise to give a child consider it unwise to give a child whatever whatever he or he or she wants.That is easy to spoil them.she wants.That is easy to spoil them.172.He was _ angry _that he gave vent
28、 to his 2.He was _ angry _that he gave vent to his anger by kicking the door.anger by kicking the door.结果状语从句结果状语从句1.It gave him_ a shock _his face turned1.It gave him_ a shock _his face turnedwhite.white.suchsuchthatthatso thatso thatso+so+形容词形容词/副词副词+that+thatsuch+such+形容词形容词 +可数名词复数可数名词复数/不可数名词不可
29、数名词+that+thatso+little/few/much/many+so+little/few/much/many+可数名词复数可数名词复数/不可数不可数名词名词+that+that3.George earned _(3.George earned _(太少钱了太少钱了)he couldnt afford the car he desired for.he couldnt afford the car he desired for.so little money that so little money that 18她是一位如此细心周到的老师以至于学生都喜欢她。她是一位如此细心周到的老
30、师以至于学生都喜欢她。She is She is soso considerate a teacher considerate a teacher thatthat the students all love the students all love her.her.She is She is such such a considerate teacher a considerate teacher thatthat the students all the students all love her.love her.sothatsothat与与suchthatsuchthat的区别的区别
31、such+a/an+such+a/an+形容词形容词 +可数名词单数可数名词单数+that+thatso+so+形容词形容词 +a/an+a/an+可数名词单数可数名词单数+that+that19方式状语从句方式状语从句Guess the meaning of the following sentences.Guess the meaning of the following sentences.Do in Rome Do in Rome as as the Romans do.the Romans do.Leave things Leave things as as they are.the
32、y are.入乡随俗。入乡随俗。让一切顺其自然。让一切顺其自然。20比较状语从句比较状语从句asasasas（和（和一样），一样），not as/soasnot as/soas（与（与不一样）不一样）,than(,than(比）比）结果正如我们预料的那么好。结果正如我们预料的那么好。The result was The result was as good asas good as we had expected.we had expected.常见句型：常见句型：the+the+比较级，比较级，the+the+比较级比较级(陈述语序陈述语序)The harder you work,the g
33、reater progress you will The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.make.21 He is He is as diligent asas diligent as his deskmate.his deskmate.He is He is not so diligent asnot so diligent as his deskmate.his deskmate.He works He works as hard asas hard as his deskmate.his deskmate.He He
34、 doesntdoesnt work work so hard asso hard as his deskmate.his deskmate.“和和一样一样”，用，用“as+adj/adv as”as+adj/adv as”结构结构“不像不像那样那样”,”,用用“not as(so)+adj/adv as”not as(so)+adj/adv as”结构结构 He is _He is _diligent _student asdiligent _student as his deskmate.his deskmate.sb./sth.is as+adj+a/an+n.+assb./sth.is
35、 as+adj+a/an+n.+as He is He is not _diligent _student asnot _diligent _student as his deskmate.his deskmate.sb./sth.is not so+adj+a/an+n.+assb./sth.is not so+adj+a/an+n.+asas asa asosoa a22 倍数的表示方法倍数的表示方法 A is times as+adj.+as+B A is times as+adj.+as+B A is times+er+than+B A is times+er+than+B A is
36、times the size(length/width/depth/height)of B A is times the size(length/width/depth/height)of BOur school is as big as theirs.Our school is as big as theirs.我们的学校是他们的四倍大。我们的学校是他们的四倍大。Our school is Our school is fourfour times times as as big big as as theirs.theirs.Our school is Our school is three
37、three timestimes bigger bigger thanthan theirs.theirs.Our school is Our school is four times the size offour times the size of theirs.theirs.231.His brother is _ handsome _ he(is).1.His brother is _ handsome _ he(is).2.Your house is twice as expensive as_(me).2.Your house is twice as expensive as_(m
38、e).3.The driver drives faster _ he used to(drive).3.The driver drives faster _ he used to(drive).4._ knowledge we learn,_ 4._ knowledge we learn,_(happy)we will be.(happy)we will be.minemine1.1.保持人称代词的格前后一致保持人称代词的格前后一致.如如:1,2.:1,2.2.2.倍数词须加在比较结构的前面倍数词须加在比较结构的前面.如如:2.:2.3.3.句中相同的成分句中相同的成分,如动词如动词,常常省去
39、常常省去.如如:1,3.:1,3.The moreThe morethanthanas asas asthe happierthe happier24状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略在含有状语从句的复合句中在含有状语从句的复合句中,若从句的主若从句的主句是句是it it或与主句的主语相同或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语，且在谓语中含有中含有bebe时，常时，常省略从句的主语和省略从句的主语和bebe。251.1.Dont speak until you are spoken to.Dont speak until you are spoken to.=Dont speak =Dont speak
40、until spoken tountil spoken to.2.2.Pressure can be increased when it is needed.Pressure can be increased when it is needed.=Pressure can be increased =Pressure can be increased when neededwhen needed.过马路的时候要小心。过马路的时候要小心。Look out when/while crossing the street.Look out when/while crossing the street.
41、(=when/while you are crossing)(=when/while you are crossing)（）（）（1 1）连接词）连接词 +过去分词过去分词（2 2）连词）连词 +现在分词现在分词261.1.她急匆匆地走出屋去，好象很生气的样子。她急匆匆地走出屋去，好象很生气的样子。She hurriedly left the room She hurriedly left the room as though/if angryas though/if angry.(=as though/if(=as though/if she wasshe was angry)angry)2
42、.2.必要时，你应该做笔记。必要时，你应该做笔记。You are supposed to take some notes when necessary.You are supposed to take some notes when necessary.(=When(=When it isit is necessary,)necessary,)（3 3）连词）连词 +形容词形容词/其他其他如：如：if necessary,if possible,if necessary,if possible,when necessary,if any,if sowhen necessary,if any,i
43、f so271._ (1._ (在北京的时候在北京的时候),I paid a visit),I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.to the Summer Palace.2._(2._(当是个年轻人的时候当是个年轻人的时候),),Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.3.He has no money._(3.He has no money._(要是有的话要是有的话),he will give
44、us.),he will give us.4._(4._(要是给更多的关注要是给更多的关注),The),The boy could have turned out better.boy could have turned out better.When/While in BeijingWhen/While in BeijingWhen/As a young manWhen/As a young manIf anyIf anyIf given more attention toIf given more attention to2829 为了做到劳逸结合，我们会培养一些爱好。为了做到劳逸结合，我
45、们会培养一些爱好。In order toIn order to strike a balance between work and play,strike a balance between work and play,we will take up some hobbies.we will take up some hobbies.虽然他是一个瞎子，但他没有被生活打败。虽然他是一个瞎子，但他没有被生活打败。He is not defeated by life,He is not defeated by life,even thougheven though he is blind.he is
46、 blind.Translate the following sentences:Translate the following sentences:30 Although Although the author pointed out the negative the author pointed out the negative factors of aging societies,he also made positive factors of aging societies,he also made positive suggestions of dealing with the po
47、tential problems.suggestions of dealing with the potential problems.虽然作者指出了老龄化社会的不利因素，但他也虽然作者指出了老龄化社会的不利因素，但他也提出了解决这些潜在问题的积极建议。提出了解决这些潜在问题的积极建议。The WTO cant live up to its name The WTO cant live up to its name if if it doesnt it doesnt include a country that is home to one fifth of include a country
48、 that is home to one fifth of mankind.mankind.假如世贸组织不包括占世界人口五分之一的中国假如世贸组织不包括占世界人口五分之一的中国的话，那它就名不副实。的话，那它就名不副实。3132Write a composition with 5 sentences according to the given situation:昨天上午，你惊悉你的朋友李华被一辆汽车撞伤昨天上午，你惊悉你的朋友李华被一辆汽车撞伤住了院，事情经过是：那天李华正要穿过大街，他住了院，事情经过是：那天李华正要穿过大街，他很小心，直到看到绿灯亮时才开始过街。可当他刚很小心，直到看到
49、绿灯亮时才开始过街。可当他刚要走到街心时，右侧突然出现了一辆轿车，径直朝要走到街心时，右侧突然出现了一辆轿车，径直朝他开来。他躲闪不及被撞出了几米远。他立即被送他开来。他躲闪不及被撞出了几米远。他立即被送进医院并动了手术。昨晚你去看他时，他虽已脱险，进医院并动了手术。昨晚你去看他时，他虽已脱险，但仍然脸色苍白。但仍然脸色苍白。参考词汇：躲闪：参考词汇：躲闪：dodge dodge 右侧：右侧：right-hand sideright-hand side33体裁体裁类别类别时态时态内容内容及及写作写作建议建议信息点信息点:（1 1）穿过大街时他很小心，）穿过大街时他很小心，直到直到看到绿灯看到绿
50、灯亮时亮时才才开始过街开始过街 （2 2）刚要走到街心时，右侧突然出现了一）刚要走到街心时，右侧突然出现了一辆轿车，径直朝他开来。辆轿车，径直朝他开来。（3 3）躲闪不及被撞出了几米远）躲闪不及被撞出了几米远 （5 5）虽虽已脱险，但仍然脸色苍白已脱险，但仍然脸色苍白 。记叙文记叙文记事的文章记事的文章过去时过去时（4 4）立即被送进医院并动了手术）立即被送进医院并动了手术 34 The other day he was going to cross a street.The other day he was going to cross a street.He was very cautio
