1、时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时 态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进 行、过去将来等。 2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从 句时态呼应问题。 3、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。 4、及物动词的被动语态。 5、系动词的用法特点。 6、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。 最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配 一般现在 every , sometimes, at , on Sunday 现在进行 now, 现在完成 for, since,
2、so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过去 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 过去完成 before, by, until, when, after,
3、 once, as soon as 一般将来 next, tomorrow, in 过去将来 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后 的动作 1、现在时态、现在时态 高考题点击：高考题点击： 1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （05辽宁卷） Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called 2. I _ ping-pong quite well, bu
4、t I havent had time to play since the new year. (2001 N) A. will play B. have played C. played D. play B D 说明说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平 洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。 说明说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是 不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。 1.图片对齐 在我们插入PPT图片
5、或是输入文字的时候，为了整齐都需要将插入的文本框对齐 ，但是又不想一个一个的进行操作，这时按住Ctrl键将需要进行对齐的文本选中 ，点击开始排列对齐垂直居中即可； 2.巧用格式刷 在制作PPT的时候为了保证PPT风格的统一，很多任通常会使用复制粘贴来确保 每一页PPT格式相同，这样对于少页数来说可以进行操作，但是碎玉多页面的话 就有点麻烦了，其实我们可以巧用格式刷：首先，在开始菜单栏下方有一个格式 刷，点击格式刷，很快就能看到效果； 3.去除所有动画效果 很多人在制作PPT的时候都是直接在模板库里下载模板进行使用的，但是下载的 模板大多数都是有幻灯片的，这样在演讲的时候很不方便，怎样将其进行去
6、除呢 ？单击幻灯片放映选择设置幻灯片放映，放映类型选择演讲者放映；换片方式 选择手动即可； 4.PPT快键 PPT逼格提升技巧逼格提升技巧 3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷） A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no
7、easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (2001 N) A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 说明说明：自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样 使用这笔钱。此处的使用这笔钱。此处的 are phoning 表示“不停的打电话”。表示“不停的打电话”。 说明说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在正在飞速发展，飞速发展， 所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的所以要
8、用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的 描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。 D A 5. _ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （05北京春季） A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning 6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I wish to go there! (98 N) A. Ye
9、s, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I havent 说明说明：此题的干扰源是后面的此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电。今天打了三次电 话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占 线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。 说明说明：从补充的句子从补充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”可知“我” 没到过北京。没到过北京。 C D 7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
10、 - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. (98 N) A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. （04北京） A had considered B has been considering C considered D is going to consider 说明说明：这句话的意思是“我
11、一整天都在刷起居室”，现在这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在 完成进行时表示完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在， 而且还在进行当中而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”强调的是“一直在做”。 C B 说明：说明：她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还 没作决定”是现在的结果。没作决定”是现在的结果。 用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用 现在完成时。 It is the first time
12、 that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比较注意比较 Its time that 结构：结构： It is high time that we went to school. 2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一
13、次听他唱歌。 典型例题典型例题 (1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时 间
14、的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. B D 2、过去时、过去时 高考题点击：高考题点击： 1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! (98 N) A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 2. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. (2000
15、上海) A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry 说明说明：Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去 作出的承诺。 说明说明：until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动 词，表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动 词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题 中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。 B B 3. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (N2002
16、) - Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say 说明说明：本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现 在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为 此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没 有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一 般过去时。 D 4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. (95 N) A.
17、 read was falling B. was reading fell C. was reading was falling D. read fell 5. The manager had fallen asleep where he _, without undressing. （05安徽卷） A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied 说明说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大 都用进行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进 行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。 说明说明：该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没 脱
18、”。“躺”是一个不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为 “lay; lain”。lay 是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为 laid； lied 是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。 B B 6. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (02 北京) A. had cried, lost B. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lost D. cries, has lost 7. Hurry up! Ali
19、ce and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. (05江西卷) Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone 说明说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。 两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后 发生的用一般过去时。 说明说明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为” 之前。所以必须用过去完成时。 B D 3、将来时、将来时 高考题点击：高考题点击： 1. If a man _ succeed, he must wor
20、k as hard as he can. (95 上海) A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should 2. - Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. (2000 N) A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going 说明说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力 而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be to 结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。 说明说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的 tur
21、n， 所以B、C、D、都不符合。 B A 3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. (93 N) A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left 说明说明：that 引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应
22、该发生在 “were surprised” 之后，故需用过去将来时。 C B 说明说明：by the time 表示“到为止”“在之前”， 如果主句的动作发生在过去，一般需要用过去完成时；如 果是将来，就需用将来完成时。 4、状语从句中的时态问题、状语从句中的时态问题 高考题点击：高考题点击： 1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. (94 N) A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got 2. In such dry weather, the f
23、lowers will have to be watered if they _. (2001上海) A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive 说明说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代 一般将来时。 说明说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但 be to 结构不属于 将来时态形式。 A B 3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. (2002上
24、海) A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate 4. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春季) A. will not be, will know B. is, will know C. will not be, know D. is, know 说明说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将 来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、 决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。
25、 说明说明：before 引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句 应该用将来时。 C C 5、祈使句中的动词问题、祈使句中的动词问题 高考题点击：高考题点击： 1. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried 3. _ at the door be
26、fore entering, please. (01 北京春季) A. knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001上海) A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give D B D B 6、几种时态的替代问题、几种时态的替代问题 A：一般现在时代替将来时：一般现在时代替将来时 ： 除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替 将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用 一般现在时来代替将来时。如： T
27、he museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。 (实际上每天如此。) B：一般现在时代替完成时：一般现在时代替完成时： 句型 “It is since”代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) five years since we last met C：一般现在时代替进行时：一般现在时代替进行时： 在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look, here comes Mr. Li. 0606年高考语法复习系列五年高考语法复习系列五 被 动 语 态 高考题点击：高考题点击： 1. I need o
28、ne more stamp before my collection _. (94 N) A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (98 N) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 说明说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在 before 从句中没有将来时， 故只能选D。 说明说明：该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是 按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态
29、。 D C 3. Books of this kind _ well. (99 上海) A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (01 北京春) A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 说明说明：sell 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，当用作 “销售情况如何”时，sell 为不及物动词，故没有被动语 态。 类似的词还有：wash, translate, write 等。 说明说明：lose job 为“失业
30、”，job 只能被失去，且动作应该 发生在将来。 A B 5. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. (2001 北京春季) A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. (2001上海) A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be
31、 designed 说明说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现 在进行时态的被动语态的动词形式。 说明说明：by the end of 短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成 时连用。 D B 7. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. (2002 北京春季) A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 8. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoi
32、led child. (2002上海) A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame 说明说明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小 孩并献身的动作只能在过去。 说明说明：be to blame 是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是 一个强调句型。 C A 9. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春季) A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 说明说明：该句的意思为“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和 烧毁以至于在不久的将来它们就会消失。”从语境中可以 看出应该使用现在进行时。况且进行时可以表达出说话人 的一种特殊的情感。说话人是想呼吁人们停止乱砍乱烧雨 林，给人们提出的一种警告。 C
