1、Unit 11 word formation 英语主要有三种构词法英语主要有三种构词法:1.1.派生派生(Derivation):(Derivation):2.2.合成合成(Compounding):(Compounding):3.3.转化转化(Conversion)(Conversion)通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:eg.happy-eg.happy-ununhappy(happy(加前缀加前缀)-happi -happinessness(加后缀加后缀)由两个或更多的词合成一个词由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg.wood(eg.wood(木木)+cut()+
2、cut(刻刻)-woodcut()-woodcut(木刻木刻)由一个词类转化为另一个词类由一个词类转化为另一个词类:eg.water(n.)eg.water(n.)水水 -water(v.)-water(v.)浇水浇水 international telephone mankind broadband extremely manned hi-tech e-mail IT CSAGRAMMAR:Word Formationinter-+nationaltele-+phoneman+kindbroad+bandextreme+lyman+edhigh+technologyelectronic+ma
3、ilinformation technologyChinese Space agencyderivationprefixsuffixinternational telephoneextremelymannedcompoundhi-tech IT CSA e-school 注意注意:前缀一般只改变词义前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化不引起词义变化 inter-international,interact,intercommunicate tele telephone,telegraph,television co coworker,c
4、ooperate trans translate,transplant,transport betweenfartogether常见前缀（改变词义常见前缀（改变词义)acrosssubsubway bio biology,bioengineering,biophysics e e-mail,e-school un-/in-/im-/non-/dis-/il-unhappy,impolite,illegalunderof lifeelectronicnot ex-export,ex-wife en-enlarge,enable,enrich mis-misunderstand,mislead,m
5、isplace re-repeat,rebuild,remarryout,formermakewrongagaininter-tele-bio-ex-trans-en-mis-re-sub-betweenfarbiology,lifeformer/outacross/movemakewrongagain under dis-non-il-in-im-un-not常见后缀常见后缀(改变词性）改变词性）1.For nouns-er/or -ist-ian-ness -tion-ment2.For verbs-endeepensharpenwiden3.For adj.-ful -less-ous
6、-ish-able -ive-y -ed4.For adv.-ly 1._ Many countries import most of the oil they use.2._He studied biophysics at college.3._It is very important to learn how to cooperate with others.4._All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train.5._My cousin has an excellent voice.Her dream is
7、to become a superstar.进口进口 生命物理生命物理 合作合作 运输运输 超级歌星超级歌星Guess the meaning of each underlined word.1.The average output of the factory is 20 cars a day.2.She has written good essays before,but this one is substandard.output=out+put 产量产量substandard=sub-+standard 低于标准低于标准的，不够标准的的，不够标准的4.The lack of a com
8、mon language made it very difficult to intercommunicate(with each other).5.Transplant the seedlings into peaty soil.6.Have you read an e-book?intercommunicate=inter-+communicate 互相联系互相联系transplant=trans-+plant 移植移植e-book=electronic+book 电子图书电子图书3.转化转化:是由一词类转化为另一词类是由一词类转化为另一词类动词转化为名词动词转化为名词 e.g.We pa
9、id a visit to the park yesterday.注意注意:英语中常用英语中常用 give,take,have,make 等等词构成这一类词组词构成这一类词组,表示一个动作表示一个动作.如如:give a shout,give a kick;have a swim,have a smoke;make a bet(2).名词转化为动词名词转化为动词e.g The hall can seat two thousand people.They have booked their plane ticket.(3).形容词转化为动词形容词转化为动词 e.g.The car slowed
10、down to half its speed.The room gradually quieted down.(4).形容词转化为副词形容词转化为副词e.g.How long is the line?How long have you lived in China?(5).形容词转化为名词形容词转化为名词e.g.There is something wrong with the car.He didnt know the difference between right and wrong.(n.)BTWFTFICRUOKTHX by the way face to face I seeAre
11、 you OK?thanksExercise2-ion-ation construction connectionattraction actioncollection directionexpression inventionproduction protectionsuggestion impressioncelebration communicationeducation graduationpollution contributionadmirationcombinationexaminationtransportationexploration imaginationinvisibl
12、e non-conductordisappearance interaction misunderstanding unexpecteddishonesty illogical enlargement unforgettable impossibility replacement reconsideration unsuccessfulExercise 3.Exercise 4.showcase=show+case breakthrough=break+through bioengineering=bio+engineering outstanding=out+standing enable=en+able restore =re+store indirectly=indirect+ly strengthen=strength+enBye!
