1、Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsLearning about LanguageWhat part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence?A tree has fallen across the road.You are a student.To find your way can be a problem.Smoking is bad for you.Leading-in“How do you do”is a greeting.What she said is not yet kn
2、own.That we shall be late is certain.It is certain that we shall be late.We can see from these sentences that a sentence serves as subject,so we call it Subject Clause.1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1)That he will succeed is certain.2)Whether he will go there is not known.3)How we can help the tw
3、ins will be discussed at the meeting.注意语序注意语序的变化的变化Subject Clause主语从句主语从句2.引导主语从句的连接词有三类：引导主语从句的连接词有三类：(1)连词连词that，whetherWhether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.Whether hell come here isnt clear.That prices will go up is certain.What she did is not known yet.Who will write the poem ha
4、s not been decided yet.Whatever he did is right.(2)连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等。等。(3)连接副词连接副词 where,when,how,why等。等。How this happened is not clear to anyone.When he will be back depends on the weather.How the pyramids were built is still a mystery.注意时态注意时态3.主语从句后置主语从
5、句后置 为了避免主语冗长为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作形式主作形式主语语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。1.That we shall be late is certain.2.That the earth is round is known to all.3.That you missed the chance is a pity.It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.Its certain that we
6、shall be late.A.It+be+形容词形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从从句。句。It is certain that she will do well in her exam.B.It+be+名词词组名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。从句。Its a pity that we cant go.4.用用it 作形
7、式主语的结构作形式主语的结构C.It+be+过去分词过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。从句。It is said that Mr Green has arrived in Beijing.D.It+seems,happens等不及物动词及短语等不及物动词及短语+that从句。从句。It happened that I was out that day.E.It+doesnt matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。
8、代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.What you left are only several old books.What you said is of great importance.Whether hell come here is not clear.1.“if”不能引导位于句首的主语从句，应用不能引导位于句首的主语从句，应用“whether”引导。引导。3.主语从句的主语从句的“that”一般不能省略。一般不能省略。4.“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词引导主语从句时，谓语动词 1)常与其后作
9、表语的名词一致常与其后作表语的名词一致 2)根据句子的语境而定根据句子的语境而定5.主语从句需注意的问题主语从句需注意的问题2.主语从句中用陈述语序。主语从句中用陈述语序。作表作表语语6.常见错误展示常见错误展示 下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2.If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。不能省略。
10、if,whether都可表示都可表示“是否是否”,但但if不能引导位于句不能引导位于句首的主语从句，它可以引导后置的主语从句。首的主语从句，它可以引导后置的主语从句。Whether3.That the professor said is of great importance.4.Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.that引导主语从句时无词义。引导主语从句时无词义。What the professor said表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。将将will置于置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述语序。之后。主语从句要用陈述
11、语序。What5.No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6.When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用句时只能用whoever。主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。Whoeverremains 7.What were your problems a year ago has now become mine.8.
12、It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.has要改为要改为have。主语从句表示复数概念时，。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。谓语要用复数形式。在在“It is requested/ordered/suggested+that从句从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词动词原形原形”，should可省略。可省略。have(should)make 4._ she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.5._ he cam
13、e from still puzzles all of us.6.It happened _ I saw him yesterday.7.It does not make any difference to me _ you do.WhetherWherethatwhat8._ was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.9._ they will have the sports meet is still a question.10.It doesnt matter _ she looks like.WhoWhen/Where/Whet
14、herwhat1.What he made an important speech at the meeting was true.2.That is known to us all is that America is a developed country belonging to the First World.3.Its known to us all what water is a form of energy.That.单句改错单句改错Whatthat4.It worried her a bit what her hair was turning gray.5.What I say
15、 and think are none of your business.6.That they can solve the question is still unknown.thatisWhetherHomework1.Finish exercise on P28.2.Preview“A visit to the moon”on P30.Light come,light go.来得容易，去得快。1.美育包括美术教育和审美教育,文化是美育的底色和灵魂,不能忽视文化精神的培养。2.欣赏中国绘画,应该了解其中计白当黑、浓淡生趣、意境天成等艺术手法和精神追求。3.美育在中国近代历史上是一个很重要的
16、概念,一直承载了爱国救亡、除弊振新的重任。4.当下美育应重传统轻西方,融汇西方与民族、古典与现代的文化,形成好的审美教育体系。5.要推动人工智能规模化应用,就必须推动人工智能与各行业融合创新,在制造、农业、物流、金融等重点行业和领域开展人工智能应用。6.美国各执行机构每年与白宫主管预算科技政策办公室沟通,说明优先推动人工智能发展情况,按时列明计划,可期获得该项目预算优先权。7用金银珠玉来装点堂皇的宫殿庙宇，这种行为使得大量珍贵的人力物力降低为符号的陪衬，只能揭示意义的贫瘠和精神的无力。8让日常的景色转换成大师的杰作，使普通的词语凝结成千古不朽的诗句，这些审美和艺术创造，体现着人的精神世界的富足。9“富”的美应该是一种由内而外的富贵气，它是一种自然流露的美，它得自个人长期的、自觉的涵养，也得自社会的普遍氛围，与金钱没有必然关系。
