1、Roots and Combining FormsRoots and Combining Forms of Medical TermsReview u rootu prefixu suffix u combining vowelnA word root is the main part or foundation of a word;all medical words have at least one word root.nIn the words hepatitis,hepatocyte,hepatopathy,the word root is _.nThe root of a word
2、is the part that contains the essential meaning of the wordnA slash is used to separate word elements,as shown in the following examples.Point out the word roots for each of these termsnalcohol/ic _ndent/ist _nhapat/ectomy _ninsulin/ism _ngastr/itis _u combining vowel The vowel used most of the time
3、 is“o”,but other vowels such as“i”and“a”are also used.nepidermisndermisndermatologyndermatitisndermatosisndermatoidRoots and Combining Formsnderm:skinnepidermis:the outer layer of the skin ndermis:the deep inner layer of the skin ndermatology:the branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its dise
4、ases ndermatitis:inflammation of the skinndermatosis:disorder of the skin ndermatoid:resembling or like the skinRoots and Combining FormsRoots and Combining Formsaden/o-(Gr.adn)gland（腺）glandadenocarcinoma 7AdinEusB:5kEumE腺癌adenectomy 7AdE5nektEmi 腺切除术，增殖腺切除术Roots and Combining Formsaden/o-(Gr.adn)gl
5、and（腺）glandadenofibroma 7AdEnEufai5brEumE 腺纤维瘤adenositis 7AdinEu5saitis 腺炎adenosis 7Adi5nEusis 腺病 Roots and Combining Formsangi/o-(Gr.aggeon)vessel（脉管）angiotomy AndVi5CtEmi 血管切开angitis An5dVaitis 脉管炎,血管炎,淋巴管炎angiocardiogram 7AndViE5kB:diErAm 心血管照片angialgia 7AndVi5AldViE 血管痛 Roots and Combining Forms
6、arthr/o-(Gr.arthron)joint（关节）arthroplasty 5B:WrE7plAsti 关节造形术,关节形成术arthritis B:5WraItIs 关节炎arthrosis B:5WrEusis 关节，关节病arthralgia B:5WrAldViE 关节痛 Roots and Combining Formscardi/o-(Gr.kardi)heart cardiant 5kB:diEnt心兴奋剂cardiogram 5kB:diErAm 心电图myocarditis 7maiEukB:5daitis 心肌炎pericardium 7peri5kB:djEm 心
7、包;心包膜,围心膜 Roots and Combining Formscerebr/o-(L.)cerebrum,brain cerebrosclerosis7seribrEuskliE5rEusis 脑硬化cerebrospinal7seribrEu5spainl 脑脊髓的 cerebrovascular 9serIbrEJvAskjJlE(r)脑血管的 Roots and Combining Formschondr/o-(chondros)cartilage（软骨）chondrification9kCndrIfI5keIFn 软骨化chondrodystrophia7kCndrEudis5
8、trEufiE 软骨营养障碍chondrosarcoma 7kCndrEusB:5kEumE 软骨肉瘤 Roots and Combining Formscost/o-(L.costa)rib costectomykCstektEmI肋骨切除术costalgia kCs5tAldViE 肋骨疼痛Roots and Combining Formscost/o-(L.costa)rib precostal 5pri:5kCstEl 在肋骨前的subcostal 5sQb5kCstl 肋下的sternocostal 7stE:nEu5kCstEl 胸肋的;胸骨锁骨的 Roots and Combin
9、ing Formscrani/o-(L.cranium;Gr.kranion)skull craniectomy 7kreini5ektEmi 部分颅骨切除术craniotomy 7kreini5CtEmi 颅骨切开术，穿颅术，破颅术pericranium7peri5kreiniEm 颅骨膜 Roots and Combining Formsdermat/o-,derm/o-(Gr.dermatos)skin dermatology 7dE:mE5tClEdVi皮肤病学dermalaxia 7dE:mE5lAksiE 皮肤软化dermatitis 7dE:mE5taitis 皮肤炎,皮炎 hy
10、podermic?Roots and Combining Formsfibr/o-(L.fibra)fiber fibromyositis 9faibrEumaiEu5saitis 纤维肌炎fibroma fai5brEumE 纤维瘤 fibromuscular 9faibrEu5mQskjul 肌肉纤维的 Roots and Combining Formsgastr/o-(Gr.gastr)stomach gastrointestinal7AstrEuin5testEnl胃与肠的gastrohydrorrhea 5AstrE7haidrE5ri:E 胃液溢,胃溢水gastrotomy As5
11、trCtEmi 胃切开术,胃造口术gastrolith 5AstrEliW 胃结石,胃石 Roots and Combining Formshepat/o-(Gr.hpatos)liver hepatatrophy7hepEtE5trEufiE肝萎缩hepatitis 7hepE5taitis 肝炎heparin 5hepErin 肝素hepatology 7hepE5tClEdVi 肝脏病学,肝脏学Roots and Combining Formshepat/o-(Gr.hpatos)liver hepatectomy7hepE5tektEmi 肝切除术hepatocele 5hepEtEu
12、si:l 肝脏脱出hepatocyte 5hepEtEsait 肝细胞Roots and Combining Formshepat/o-(Gr.hpatos)liver hepatomegaly7hepEtEu5meEli 肝肿大hepatopexy 5hepEtE7peksi 肝固定术hepatoptosis hepEtEp5tEusis 肝下垂 Roots and Combining Formslaryng/o-(L.nsus)larynx,voice box laryngitis 7lArin5dVaitis 喉炎Roots and Combining Formslymph/o-(L.l
13、ympha(water)lymph lymphocyte 5limfEsait 淋巴细胞lymphoma lim5fEum 淋巴瘤lymphocytosis 7limfEsai5tusis 淋巴细胞增多症Roots and Combining Formsmy/o-(Gr.mys)muscle myoatrophy9maIEJAtrEfI肌萎缩amyotonia 7eimaiE5tEuniE 肌弛缓;肌罕张缺乏Roots and Combining Formsmy/o-(Gr.mys)muscle myocardium 7maiEu5kB:diEm 心肌(层)dermatomyositis 7d
14、E:mEtE7maiE5saitis 皮肌炎 Roots and Combining Formsneur/o-(Gr.neuron)nerve neurocyte5njuErEsait神经细胞=?Roots and Combining Formsneur/o-(Gr.neuron)nerve neurosis njuE5rEusis(pl.-ses-si:z)神经(机能)病;神经精神病neuroblast 5njuErEublB:st 成神经细胞neuralgia njuE5rAldViE 神经痛 Roots and Combining Formsnephr/o-(Gr.nephros)kid
15、ney nephrogenic nefrEu5dVenik肾原性的,肾发生的nephritic ne5fritik 肾的;肾病的nephrosis ne5frEusis 肾(变)病nephritis ne5fraitis 肾炎Roots and Combining Formsnephr/o-(Gr.nephros)kidney nephroid 5nefrCid 肾形的nephridium ne5fridiEm(pl.-dia)肾,肾管Roots and Combining Formsnephr/o-(Gr.nephros)kidney pyelonephritis7paiElEuni5fra
16、itis 肾盂肾炎nephropyelitis7nefrEupaiE5laitis 肾盂肾炎glomerulonephritisglEu7merju7lEunef5raitis 肾小球性肾炎 Roots and Combining Formsoste/o-(Gr.osteon)bone osteoblast 5CstiEblB:st 造骨细胞periosteum 7peri5CstiEm(pl.periosteums,-tea-tiE)骨膜periosteomedullitisperiE7stiE7medju5laitis 骨膜骨髓炎,全骨炎Roots and Combining Formso
17、ste/o-(Gr.osteon)bone osteopathy 7Csti5CpEWi 疗骨术,整骨术;骨病osteology 7Csti5ClEdVi 骨学osteoclast 5CstiEklB:st 破骨细胞 Roots and Combining Formsot-(Gr.tos)ear otosclerosis 7EutEuskliE5rEusis 耳硬化症otoscope 5EutEskEup耳镜otorrhea 7EutE5ri:E 耳漏(耳液溢)otology Eu5tClEdVi 耳科学otolaryngology 7EutEu7lAriN5ClEdVi 耳鼻喉科学 Root
18、s and Combining Formspleur/o-(Gr.pleur)pleura（胸膜）pleurodynia 7pluErEu5diniE 胸膜痛pleuritispleurocentesisRoots and Combining Formsren/o-(L.renis)kidney reniform 5reni7fC:m,5ri:ni-肾脏形的renography ri:5nCrEfi 肾X线照相术,肾造影照片rennin 5ri:nin 肾素renculus 5renkjulEs(pl.-culi)肾小叶 Roots and Combining Formsrhin/o-(Gr.
19、rhs,rhins)nose rhinitis rai5naitis鼻(粘膜)炎rhinorrhea 5rainEriE(=rhinorrhoea)鼻液溢rhinology rai5nClEdVi 鼻科学otorhinolaryngology 5EutEu7rainEu7lAriN5ClEdVi 耳鼻喉科学 Roots and Combining Formsthorac/o-(Gr.thrombos)thorax or chest thoracostomy7WC:rE5kCstEmi 胸廓造口术thoracotomy 7WC:rE5kCtEmi 胸廓切开术;开胸术Roots and Combi
20、ning Formsthorac/o-(Gr.thrombos)thorax or chest thoracolumbar 7WC:rEkEu5lQmbE 胸腰部的pneumothorax7nju:mEu5WC:rAks 气胸hemathorax 7hi:mE5WC:rAks 血胸Roots and Combining Formsthorac/o-(Gr.thrombos)thorax or chest protothorax7prEutE5WC:rAks 前胸pyothorax 7paiEu5WC:rAks 脓胸Roots and Combining Formsur/o,urin/o-(Gr
21、.ouron)urine uremia juE5ri:miE尿毒症urochrome 5juErEkrEum尿色素urinometer 7juEri5nCmitE尿比重计Exercise 1n1.hepat/o-n2.gastr/o-n3.thorac/o-n4.aden/o-n5.chondr/o-n6.crani/o-n7.ot/o-n8.fibr/o-n9.my/o-n10.ren/o-na.footnb.glandnc.musclend.liverne.headnf.earng.fibernh.stomachni.cartilagenj.chestnk.skullnl.jointnm.
22、nosenn.kidneyEx.2nMake the six words meaning the science or study of:n1.the stomachn2.the heartn3.the skinn4.jointsn5.the kidneyn6.cellsEx.3nMake words meaning:1.inflammation of the stomach2.inflammation of the liver3.inflammation of the larynx4.inflammation of the blood vessel5.inflammation of the nerve6.inflammation of the gland
