1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 第十二讲 并列句与状语从句 并列句 并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词 (短语 )连在一起。 1转折 /对比并列连词 常见的表示转折关系的并列连词包括 but, while(而 )等。其中， while 连接并列句时，两分句之间是对比关系。 It often rains in the south, while it seldom rains in the north. 在南方经常下雨，然而在北方很少下雨。 2联合并列连词 常见的表示平行或对等关系的联合并列连词有 and, not only . but (also),
2、neither . nor 等。 Not only did he speak more correctly, but (also) he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确，而且说得更轻松。 3选择并列连词 (or, either . or, not . but .等 ) Would you like to leave or would you like to stay? 你是想走还是想留？ 4因果并列连词 (for, so 等 ) He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over. 他一定淋雨了，因为
3、他全身都湿了。 5特殊并列连词及并列句 (1)when 可用于并列连词，意为 “ 这时，那时 ” ，相当于 and this/that time。常用于下列句式： ? be about to do sth. when . 正要做某事，这时突然 ?be on the point of doing sth. when .正要做某事，这时突然 ?be doing sth. when . 正在做某事，这时突然 ?had done sth. when . 刚做了某事，这时突然 ?He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.
4、他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。 (2)“ 祈使句 and/or陈述句 ” ，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。 Register in WeChat, and you will be able to get in touch with the friends whom 【 精品教育资源文库 】 you haven t seen for a long time. 在微信上注册后，你就能与很久没见面的朋友取得联系了。 对点练 1 用适当的连词填空 One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter he
5、ard cries for help. We may not be able to recall the thin gs we have heard or seen, _but_ they are all kept there in the storehouse of the human mind. Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema. Some of us let these dreams die, while/but_ others protect them and take care of them through ba
6、d days until they bring them to the sunshine. The short road, the easy path and the light load all lead to lower grades in school of life. 状语从句 (一 )时间状语从句 1 when, while 与 as 引导的时间状语从句 连词 从句谓语动词 用法 when 延续性动词或非延续性动词 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生 while 延续性动词 从句的动作与主句的动作同 时发生 as 延续性动词 强调主从句动作相伴发生，可译为 “ 一边
7、?一边 ? ；随着 ” Metals expand when they are heated. 金属受热时膨胀。 While I was reading, he came in. 我正在看书时，他进来了。 The students sang as they walked. 学生们边走边唱。 As a young man ( When he was a young man), he was fond of hunting. 他年轻时喜欢打猎。 名师指津 有时 as 连接一个名词时 ， 相当于一个时间状语从句 。 【 精品教育资源文库 】 2 before 与 since 引导的时间状语从句 (
8、1)before 与 since 的常用句式 连词 词义 常用句式 before 在 ? 之前； 还未 ? 就 ? ； ? 才 ? ； 趁 ? ； 还没来得及 ? (1)It will be 一 段 时 间 before .“ 过 ?( 时间 )才 ?” (2)It won t be long before .“ 不久 ?就 ?” (3)It was 时 间 段 before .“ 过了 ?( 时间 )才 ?” since 自从 ? 以来 It is/has been一段时间 since .(从句用一般过去时 ) It will be half a year before I come bac
9、k. 我半年之后才回来。 It won t be long before we meet again. 用不了多久我们就会再见面。 It was three days before he came back. 三天后他才回来。 (2)since 引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词或状态动词 ，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。 It s two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。 It s three years since we lived here. 我们不住在这里有三年了。 3表示 “ 一 ? 就
10、 ?” 含义的词 (短语 )引导的时间状语从句 (1)引导时间状语从句，且表示 “ 一 ? 就 ?” 含义的词或短语有 as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, hardly/scarcely . when, no sooner . than .等。 Directly you feel any pains, you must go to the doctor. 你一感觉疼痛就必须去看医生。 We will leave the minute you are ready. 你一准备好，我们就出发。 (2)hardly/sc
11、arcely . when, no sooner . than .中主句应用过去完成时，从【 精品教育资源文库 】 句应用一般过去时；当 no sooner .和 hardly/scarcely .位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry. 他一听到这个消息就哭了。 No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们刚到火车站火车就开了。 4 until 与 till 引导的时间状语从句 (1)until 与 t
12、ill 引导时间状语从句的区别： 连词 位置 用法 until 可以放在句首 not . until 可用于强调句型 till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句型 I had waited a long time till/until he came back. 他回来时我已等了很长时间。 It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment. 教授来了之后，我们才开始实验。 (2)not until 位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 Not until he told me about it again did I hav
13、e any idea of it. 直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白。 (3)until/till 用于肯定句时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，用于否定句时主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。 They waited till/until I returned. 他们一直等着我回来。 5引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词 (短语 ) (1)其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词 (短语 )还有 after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。 When
14、ever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。 (2)by the time 引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；从句如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。 【 精品教育资源文库 】 By the time you come back, we will have finished the job. 到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。 By the time we got there, the rain had stopped. 到我们到达那儿时，雨已经停了。 (二 )条件状
15、语从句 1引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词 (短语 )有 if, unless, as/so long as, in case (万一 ), once, on condition that, provided/providing (that), supposing/suppose (that)等。 You ll fail the exam unless you study hard. 除非 你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。 Supposing that they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？ Th
16、ey agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. 他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末前归还。 2在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。 In case there is a fire, what will we do first? 万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？ (三 )让步状语从句 1 although, though, as 与 while 引导的让步状语从句 (1)although 引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序； though
17、引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序； as 引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 Although/Though he may be troubled, he always presents a calm smiling face. 尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。 Much as/though I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who s as capable as John. 虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。 Pop
18、 star as she is, she still needs improve. 尽管她是个流行歌星，但仍需要努力。 Try as he may, he never succeeds. 尽管他很努力，但他从未成功过。 (2)although 与 though 都可以与 yet, still, nevertheless 连用，但不能和 but 连用。 【 精品教育资源文库 】 (3)though 还可以作副词，意为 “ 可是，然而 ” ，置于句末。 I ve a bit of cold. It is nothing much, though. 我有点感冒，不过不太严重。 (4)while 引
19、导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。 While I admit that there are problems, I don t agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。 2 even if 与 even though 引导的让步状语从句 even if 与 even though 表示 “ 即使，纵然 ” ，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。 I ll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. 我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。 Even if I were in your place, I wouldn t take the job. 即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。 3 “no matter 疑问词 ” 与 “ 疑问词 ever” 引导的让步状语从句 (1)“no
