第5章DCDC变换技术课件.ppt

1、返回OLLVI R2LTPIR0LI0CEV图5-1 a 线性调节器模式 b 等效电路图5-2a开关调节模式图 5-2b等效电路图 5-2c输出电压a 线性模式电源框图b 开关模式电源(SMPS:Switch-mode power supply)框图图5-3线性电源和开关电源框图返回123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:5-Aug-2000 Sheet of File:D:licircuitlihong.ddbDrawn By:QDLCZVducaQDLCZVduccQDLCZVducbQDLCZVducdiCioioioioQ导通Q

2、关断Q关断时电感电流为零Buck电路图LiLiLi图5-5 Buck变换器原理图及不同开关状态下的等效电路图 VGEiLILmaxILminIOVGEiLILmaxILminILminILmaxiQiDiCvOVOttttttttttttILmaxILmaxILmaxiCvOa 电感电流连续b 电感电流断续000000000000IOQQVOtontoffTtonTtoff图5-6 Buck电路图各点波形ontt 0dtdiLVVLOddtdiLuLLontdt onOdLLonOdLOdtLVViitLVVdidtLVVonOdopenedLtLVVi)(dtdiLVLOOffOLOLtLV

3、iLVdtdiOffOclosedLtLVi)(Tttonofftdt offOonOdtLVtLVVTtonTtoff)1(dOVVLIOVOVOLCiiiOLIi OLIi LCiiCQVVCQCVQOOO8222TITISQLLCfICTICQUVLLCO88228)1(8)(LCfVLCfVVUOodCCULOLRVI LRZ LfRVLfVRVIIILOOLOLLL2112)1(2maxLfRVLfVRVIIILOOLOLLL2112)1(2min0minLILfRL21)1(1fRLLLC2)1(maxLImaxLIonOdopenedLtLVVi)(offonttt)()(off

4、onOclosedLttLVi1offonOonOdttLVtLVVTtTtTttttVVoffononoffonondO1dOdoffonLLVVVfLttiTQTI1221112dOVVContinuouspowerguiv+-Voltage Measurement1v+-Voltage MeasurementSeries RLC BranchScopeRPulseGeneratornode 10gmdsMosfetDiodeDC Voltage Sourcei+-Current Measurement3i+-Current Measurement2i+-Current Measureme

5、nt1i+-Current MeasurementC2Li2TfRLLC2)1(32LiI2232/LLRMSLiIIf1.66123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:27-Jul-2000Sheet of File:D:licircuitlihong.ddbDrawn By:QDLCZVduciCioBoost电路图iLQDLCZVduciCioiLQDLCZVduciCioiLQDLCZVduciCioiLbQ导通Q关断Q关断时电感电流为零adc图5-7 Boost电路及不同开关状况下等效电路iLILmaxILminIiiLILma

6、xILminILminILmaxiQiDiCucUCttttttttttttILmaxILmaxILmaxiCuca 电感连流连续b 电感电流断续000000000000IitontoffTtonTtoff-IOImax-IOVGEVGE-IOImax-IO图5-8 Boost电路各点工作波形LVtidtdiLVdtdidtdiLVdonLLdLLdTLVtLVidondopenedL)(LVVtidtdiLVVdtdidtdiLVVOdoffLLOdLLOdTLVVtLVVidOoffdOclosedL)1()(dV1dOVVLdLddLdOLLOLdRVRVVRVVIRVIV222211L

7、TVRViIIdLdLLL2122maxLTVRVIIIdLdLLL2122min0minLI02122LTVRVdLdfRLLLC2)1(2CUTItIUCQOonOCCfRVCTICQULOOCmaxLImaxLIondLopenedLtLVIimax)(maxLIoffontttmax()OdLclosedLoffVViItLoffoffondOtttVVTtoff1offdOLtLVVImaxmaxdLonVItLLfVIdLmaxLfVIIIdLiLG221maxContinuouspowerguiv+-Voltage Measurement1v+-Voltage Measureme

8、ntSeries RLC BranchScopeRPulseGeneratornode 10gmdsMosfetDiodeDC Voltage Sourcei+-Current Measurement3i+-Current Measurement2i+-Current Measurement1i+-Current MeasurementC123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:13-Aug-2000Sheet of File:D:licircuitlihong.ddbDrawn By:QDCZVduciCioBuck-Boost电路图i

9、LbQ导通Q关断Q关断时电感电流为零adcLiDiuLQDCZVducioiLLiDiuLQDCZVduciCioiLLiDiuLQDCZVduciCioiLLiDiuLCi图5-9 Buck-Boost电路原理图dtdiLVLdLfVTLVtLViddondopenedL)(dtdiLVLOLfVLVTtLViOOoffOclosedL)1)1()(dOVV15.0dOUU5.0dOUU5.0dOUULRZ LOdRVIV2LII 2222211LdLddLdOLLOLdRVRVVRVVIRVIVLTVRViIIdLdLLL2122maxLTVRVIIIdLdLLL2122minfRLLLT

10、VRVLCdLd2102122OLOVCTRVQCfRVCRTVVLOLOOOdOdDVVVVV1OdOdQVVVVV1ondLopenedLtLVIimax)(offontttoffOLclosedLtLVIimax)(offondOttVVTtoff1offOLtLVImaxmaxdLonVItLLfVIdLmaxLfVIIIdLiLG221maxContinuouspowerguiv+-Voltage Measurement1v+-Voltage MeasurementSeries RLC BranchScopeRPulseGeneratornode 10gmdsMosfetDiodeD

11、C Voltage Sourcei+-Current Measurement3i+-Current Measurement2i+-Current Measurement1i+-Current MeasurementC123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:3-Sep-2000 Sheet of File:D:licircuitlihong.ddbDrawn By:QDLC2ZVduciC2ioQ导通iL1bLCiC1121+-QDLC2ZVduciC2ioCuk电路图iL1aLCiC1iD121+-QDLC2ZVduciC2ioQ关断i

12、L1cLCiD121+-QDLC2ZVducQ关断时二极管电流为零dLC121+-图5-11 Cuk变换器电路原理图及等效电路iL1IL1maxIL1minIiiL1IL2maxIL2miniL2iQ+iDvL1ttttttttttttIL1maxiL2iQ+iDa 电感连流连续b 电感电流断续000000000000tontoffTtonTtoffVGEVGEiQIL1minVinVoVinVoIL2maxIL2miniDVoVinVinVoIoIi+IoiQiDvL2图5-12 CUK变换器工作波形OCVV121)(LVVOCTLVtLVidondL111)(11222()COCOLonV

13、VVVitTLL 1CdVV 11LVVCdoffCdLtLVVi111)(TLVtLViOoffOL)1()(2222LVO211212OConOCoffOVVtLVVtLV12111111doffondCoffCdondVttVVtLVVtLV1dOVV222222111LdLddLdOLLOLdRVRVVRVVIRVIV12211max1212LTVRViIIdLdLLL12211min1212LTVRViIIdLdLLLfRLLLTVRVLCdLd2121211122LOLORVII2fLRVLTVRViIILdOLOLLL2222max221112)1(2fLRViIILdLLL22

14、2max221112LCLRfLLfLR212112222222CQVVCQCC8|22222TiTiQSLL22222288fCLVfCiCQVdLCContinuouspowerguiv+-Voltage Measurement3v+-Voltage Measurement2v+-Voltage Measurement1v+-Voltage MeasurementScopeRPulseGeneratornode 10gmdsMosfetL2L1DiodeDC Voltage Sourcei+-Current Measurement3i+-Current Measurement2i+-Cur

15、rent Measurement1i+-Current MeasurementC2C1返回123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNum berR evisionSizeBDate:20-M ar-2001Sheet of File:F:李 宏 电 路 图 DISANTUDrawn B y:VC CTQD1CRN1 N2ipisVO*图5-13 Fly-back变换器原理123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:20-Mar-2001Sheet of File:F:李宏电路图DISANTUDrawn By:VINTQD1CRN1

16、 N2VO*VINTQD1CRN1 N2VO*VINTQD1CRN1 N2VO*abc图5-14 Fly-back变换器不同开关状态的等效电路图1()INpVittL0minsIoffOsstLVII2maxmintLVItiOss2max)(max1INPonVItL1INVLOsoffVLIt2maxOsoffVLIt2maxVbeVbeIpmaxIpminILminIsmaxipistttttttttttIsmaxa 电感电流连续b 电感电流断续0000000000tontoffTtonTtoffipisIpmaxVN1VINOVNN21VN1OVNN21图5-15 Fly-back变换

17、器变压器中的初、次级电流、磁通及初级电压波形2max121PINILWTRVWLOOUT2221max2121max1112()222OPLINLonLPLOIN onVL ITRVR LtR L ILRVV tTTTLONVNNV211OINceVNNVV21OsoffVLIt2maxminmindtdNVonINtdtdtdNV,1offOtdtdtdNV,2ININoffonOoffOonINVNNVttNNVNtVNtV11212211121INININOINceVVVVNNVV015.0010.0019.50m20.00m19.80m2DGraphSel3 DATA.02.641.0

18、02.0019.50m20.00m19.80m2DGraphSel3 TFR1.-184.00100.00-100.00019.50m20.00m19.80m2DGraphSel3 TFR1.驱动信号波形（占空比40%）原边电流波形原边电压波形-20.00m2.641.002.0019.50m20.00m19.80m2DGraphSel3 TFR1.副边电流波形-100.0099.00019.50m20.00m19.80m2DGraphSel3 TFR1.副边电压波形02.641.002.0019.50m20.00m19.80m2DGraphSel3 E1.I A电源电流（占空比40%）123

19、4ABCD4321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeADate:27-Mar-2001Sheet of File:F:李宏电路图lihong.ddbDrawn By:D3D1D2VINTQCLRffLWW123W*+-uuuw1w2w3VO+-iLf图5-16 单端正激变换器的主电路1234ABCD4321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeADate:27-Mar-2001Sheet of File:F:李宏电路图lihong.ddbDrawn By:D3D1D2VINTQCLRffLWW123W*+-uuuw1w2w3VO+-iLfD3D1D2VINT

20、QCLRffLWW123W*+-uuuw1w2w3VO+-iLfD3D1D2VINTQCLRffLWW123W*+-uuuw1w2w3VO+-iLf(a)Q导通(b)Q关断(c)Q关断，磁复位完成（a）Q导通（b）Q 关断，变压器磁复位（c）Q 关断图5-17 FORWARD变换器不同开关状态下的等效电路TWVTTtWVtWVINonINonIN111)(INVdtdW1INWVWWu122dtdiLVVWWLffOIN32dtdiLVMMINtLVdtLViMINtKTKTMINMMLfWiiWWi211INWVu3INWVWWu311INWVWWu322)1(3131WWVVWWVVINI

21、NINQINVdtdW3onrINtTWV3)(onMINonMINMWttLVWWtLVWWii3131303MWiiINQVV)(31onrINonINtTWVtWV)(31onrontTWWtonrontTtonrontTt5.0Tton5.0TtonoffonrttT5.0maxTtonINOVWWV12VbeiLfiW3ttttt00000tontoffTuW1VININVWW31TriMiW1IO图5-18 主要波形09.002.004.006.009.80m10.00m9.85m9.90m9.95m变压器一次电流ip Lp1.I A-200.00m31.4010.0020.009

22、.80m10.00m9.85m9.90m9.95m变压器二次电流is -1.00*ls.I A062.75m20.00m40.00m9.80m10.00m9.85m9.90m9.95m变压器复位绕组电流iw3 Lp2.I A-945.00300.04-500.00-250.0009.80m10.00m9.85m9.90m9.95m变压器一次绕组电压 Lp1.V V-5.001.25k250.00500.00750.001.00k9.80m10.00m9.85m9.90m9.95m功率管ds电压 MOS1.V VHBBr-Br0HBBr-Br0图5-19 典型的两种磁芯磁滞特性曲线123456A

23、BCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:1-Apr-2001 Sheet of File:F:李宏电路图lihong.ddbDrawn By:T1DZD1QD2D3C1L1VVINOC2*图5-20将变压器铁芯的储能反馈到变换器的输出端 123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:1-Apr-2001 Sheet of File:F:李宏电路图lihong.ddbDrawn By:T1DZD1QD2D3C1L1VVINOC2*DZD1QD2D3L1VVINOC2*NNs-NrrT图5-21 恒流源

24、复位inVWW12inCEQVV21inCEQVV22123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:5-Apr-2001 Sheet of File:F:李宏电路图lihong.ddbDrawn By:QQDDTrVin1212W11W12W2vo图5-22推挽式逆变器主电路Q1Q2voiRdttttinVWW12LdinRVWW122TTa 1800方波，电阻负载Q1Q2voiRdttttinVWW122TTb 1800方波，电感负载T43T4TQ1Q2voiRdttttinVWW122TTc 小于1800方波，电阻负载ontLdinRVW

25、W12Q1Q2voiLttttinVWW122TTc 小于1800方波，电感负载ont图5-23 推挽式（PUSH-PULL）逆变器主要波形sOOLfVTLV222,4TT43,2TTTT,434,0T-5.00600.00200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98m功率管mos1的ds电压 MOS1.V V-5.00675.00200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98m功率管mos2的ds电压 MOS2.V V-300.00335.000200.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.9

26、8m输出电压 W2.V V电阻负载，占空比50%，匝比1：1：1电阻负载，占空比20%，匝比1：1：1-300.00300.000200.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98m输出电压 W2.V V0600.00200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mmos1的ds电压 MOS1.V V0600.00200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mmos2的ds电压 MOS2.V V感性负载，占空比20%，匝比1：1：1-2.50602.50200.00400.009.90m10.0

27、0m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mMOS2的ds电压 MOS2.V V-2.50602.50200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mMOS1的ds电压 MOS1.V V-302.50302.50-200.000200.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mw2的电压 W2.V V感性负载，占空比30%，匝比1：1：1-302.50302.50-200.000200.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mw2的电压 W2.V V-2.50602.50200.00400.009.90m1

28、0.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mMOS1的ds电压 MOS1.V V-2.50602.50200.00400.009.90m10.00m9.92m9.94m9.96m9.98mMOS2的ds电压 MOS2.V V1234ABCD4321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeA4Date:5-Apr-2001 Sheet of File:F:李宏电路图lihong.ddbDrawn By:QQDDTrVin1212W11W12W21DDDLCVOR1R2ffFWW22图5-24推挽式DC-DC变换器主电路inVWW12/2onystDTyinDWWVV120tQ

29、1Q2tinVWW12)(2221WWvvtinVWW12DFWvtLfitt1DRi2DRitQ1Q2tinVWW12)(2221WWvvtinVWW12DFWvtLfittt1DRi2DRiDFWiabtQ1Q2tinVWW12)(2221WWvvtinVWW12DFWvtLfitt1DRi2DRitQ1Q2tinVWW12)(2221WWvvtinVWW12DFWvtLfittt1DRi2DRiDFWiab图5-25 推挽变换器各点主要波形 a无续流二极管 b 有续流二极管FWD12122DDQQinVVVVVinDRDRVWWVV1221221DFWinOWVVVWLfDFWDRDRi

30、IIII210maxmax2max1212syfinLfTDLVWWi21max2maxmax014inDRDRDFWyfsVWIIIIDWL fsfyinpfLDVWWIWWI4)(212012max3.38.021.12.1-300.00350.000200.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mw11的电压 W11.V V-300.00350.000200.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mw21的电压 W21.V V-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99m

31、L1的电流 L1.I A-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mMOS1和MOS2的电流 MOS1.I A MOS2.I A-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mD1的电流 D1.I A-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mD2的电流 D2.I A-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mD3的电流 D3.I

32、 A-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mD3的电流 D3.I A-5.0020.0005.0010.0015.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mD1D2的电流 D1.I A D2.I A-5.0060.0020.0040.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mMOS1MOS22的电流 MOS1.I A MOS2.I A-5.0060.0020.0040.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mMOS1MOS22的电流 MOS1.I A

33、 MOS2.I A-5.0060.0020.0040.009.98m10.00m9.99m9.99m10.00mMOS1MOS22的电流 10.00*D1.I A 10.00*D2.I A123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberR evisionSizeBDate:20-Jan-2002Sheet of File:F:李 宏 电 路 图 LIHONG2.ddbDrawn B y:Q2Q1C1C2D1D2TrLW1W21W22*lkABDDLCRffLDR1R2VOinV图5-26输出为全波整流电路的半桥直流变换器的主电路图5-27输出为全波整流电路的半桥直流变换器主电路各

34、点主要波形inABV21inABV21LfiWW1201DRiLfDRii12212221onininoySTVVWWVDWTW2SonyTTD inVWW12LfoiI21LfionfinonfinLfTLVWWTWWLVi221221sfyinoPQQfLDVWWIWWIII821212maxmaxmax21inABVv21inABVv21inABVv21inABVv212/sTlossDinABVv21inABVv21inABVv21221422lkLfsSlossSinL IftTWDTWV2inOVPI平均)(21222121CCfVPCCTIVsinOS平均CfVPVsinO2fC

35、VpVVRFinOin22RFfVPCinO2-50.00m135.0050.00100.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mMOS1MOS22的电流 R1.V V MOS2.I A MOS1.I A20.0030.0022.0024.0026.0028.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mL1的电流 L1.I A-156.00154.00-100.000100.009.95m10.00m9.96m9.97m9.98m9.99mW1电压 W1.V V-200.00m46.0010.0020.0030.009.95m10.00m9.96

36、m9.97m9.98m9.99m D1.I A D2.I A30RRRL123456ABCD654321DCBATitleNumberRevisionSizeBDate:10-Mar-2002Sheet of File:F:李宏电路图LIHONG2.ddbDrawn By:C1C2ABinVR1R2R3Q1Q2C1C2ABinVR1R2R3Q1Q2C1C2ABinVR1R2R3Q1Q2i2i1i2i1图5-28 半桥式变换器原理图等效电路ABusUsVscsiRRsisiin)0()()()(2223121sUscsiRRsisi)0()()()(1113121)0()0(21UUVin 21

37、313111211)(0CCRRteRRCCCUti 21313121212)(0CCRRteRRCCCUti 213131313210)()(CCRRtABeRRRURtitiu)0()0(21UUVinsUsVscsiRRsisiin)0()()()(1113221sUscsiRRsisi)0()()()(2223221 21323211221)(0CCRRteRRCCCUti 21323221222)(0CCRRteRRCCCUti 213232323210CCRRtBAeRRRURtitiu 2131100112CCRRtinonBoneUVtuU 2132200221CCRRtino

38、nBinoneUVtuVU 2132221311213221101CCRRtCCRRtCCRRtinonononeeVU 2132221311213111102CCRRtCCRRtCCRRtinonononeeVU 213121322213112132231311CCRRtCCRRtCCRRtCCRRtinABeRRReeVuononon 213221322213112131132311CCRRtCCRRtCCRRtCCRRtinBAeRRReeVuononon 21311213222131121322111131301CCRRtCCRRtCCRRtCCRRtinABtonononononeR

39、RReeVdtuUS 21322213222131121311211132302CCRRtCCRRtCCRRtCCRRtinBAtonononononeRRReeVdtuUSDNNVVpsso 2图5-29 全桥变换器原理图及波形返回ctrlVctrlV图5-30 脉宽调制原理图时钟IM（由UC置定）IM（由UC置定）功率级功率级单稳态RS触发器IM（由UC置定）功率级图5-31 电流型PWM原理框图（a）恒定迟滞环宽控制（b）恒定关断电间控制（c）恒定频率控制 图5-32 具有斜坡补偿的电流型控制的BUCK变换器图5-33 全桥功率变换电路主电路等效电路 DTtonDTtoff1)1(DLs

40、VDLsVVIOOiL)1(CsRRIVLLLOoOVViiVVDDLLIIOViVDLILsVDVVDIoiiL)1(CsRRIVLLLO sVLssDLsVsVLsDsiOiiL1)(CsRRsisVLLLO1)()(LTRVDmDTVRIsoesL2)1()(1)()()()22eOoLssVVsmD TisTD sVsRRLL()()1()()222eLsoooSssVsis RDD sVsVVmmR TLRLRL()D s(1)()()()()()2222iiiLieooooossssVVVDLsisDVsVsVsVsVVVmmmTTRLsRLRLRL)(sVeLVRmTRVossi2LVRmTVLsosi21)(siLCsRRLL1)(sVo)(sVDiLVRmLVDosi22)1(1图5-34 电流内环传递函数结构图soRLVm21122iosD VVmLRL2iossVVmR TRL12iosVLsVmTRL电感电流占空比小于0.5占空比大于0.5补偿斜坡占空比大于0.5的补偿斜坡电感电流占空比小于0.5占空比大于0.5补偿斜坡占空比大于0.5的补偿斜坡图5-35 电流模式的变换器开环不稳定性0I1I1I0I12mm 1201mmII0I 12mm I mmmmII1201mmmm12221mmsORLVm2返回