1、Members of the Sentence（一）主语（一）主语（二）谓语（二）谓语（三）表语（三）表语（四）宾语（四）宾语 v下列动词只能接动名词做宾语下列动词只能接动名词做宾语 admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：等，如：John has admitted breaking the window.（五）宾语补足语（五）宾语补足语 例如：例如：（六）定语（六）定语（七）状语（七）状语 v修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作修饰动词、形容词、副词或
2、整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示）。可由以下形式表示：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years.3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.练习练习O.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbialv6.His job is to train swimmers.v7.He
3、took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.v8.There is going to be an American film tonight.v9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.v10.His wish is to become a scientist.v11.He managed to finish the work in time.v12.Tom came to ask me for advice.v13.He found it important to master English.AttributeP
4、redicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.v14.Do you have anything else to say?v15.To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.v16.Would you please tell me your address?v17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.v18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.v19.He
5、 noticed a man enter the room.v20.The apples tasted sweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative划分划分句子成分句子成分1.we are working.2.I can swim very well.3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.4.Why does the wind blow.5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole d
6、ay.6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone.8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow.9.I have a lot of clothes to wash.I have a lot of clothes to be washed.10.He gave his son some advice on reading.11.Read me the first paragraph.12.Ive ordered some
7、soup for you.13.He began leaning English ten years ago.14.My being late worried my teacher.15.That president himself would visit our school excited all of us.16.April Day is the special day of the year when you play a joke on someone.17.He usually takes a nap after lunch,as is his habit.18.I found t
8、he book in the corner of the room.19.he finished lunch and went into the garden.20.The telephone rang.21.We study hard.22.His father might have died.23.Will you leave the door open when going out.24.Can you make the dog stand still?25.The landlord had them working day and night.26.I think a sound kn
9、owledge of grammar is important to good writing.27.We all breathe,eat,drink.28.I woke up at 6:00 in the morning.29.The book weighs five kilos.30.They will be flying to London.31.The shop assistant found some certain materials for me.32.He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.33.Please pass a
10、 newly-published magazine to me.34.He lived in Guang Zhou.35.The father is showing the boy how to plant trees.36.His uncle left him some money.37.She is teaching the piano to several of the village children and she has taught us English for 3 years.38.I like popular music.39.She knows what to do nex
11、t.40.It excited all of us that the president would visit our school.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：vI hope you are very well.Im fine,but tired.Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm.August is the hottest month here.It is the time of year for the rice harvest,so every da
12、y I work from dawn until dark.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.We grow rice in the south of the States,but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.We have a lot of machines on the farm.vAlthough the farm is large,my Dad has only two men working for him.But
13、he employs more men for the harvest.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.It doesnt often rain in the summer here.As a result,we have to water the vegetable garden.Every evening we pump water from a well.It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语
14、（）：vMost Saturday evenings there is a party,even at harvest time.These parties often make us very happy.We cook meat on an open fire outside.Its great!Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion.Some of my friends drink beer.I dont,because I have to drive home after the party.In your letter y
15、ou asked about the time in different areas of the States.There are five different time areas in the States.In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time.How many different time areas do you have in China?Well,I must stop and get some sleep.Please give my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：v
16、()1._ will leave for Beijing.vA.Now there the man vB.The man here nowvC.The man who is here now vD.The man is here nowv()2.The weather _.vA.wet and cold B.is wet and coldvC.not wet and coldD.were wet and coldv()3.The apple tasted _.vA.sweets B.sweetly vC.nicely D.sweetv()4.He got up _ yesterday morn
17、ing.vA.lately B.late vC.latest D.latterv()5.The actor _at the age of 70.vA.dead B.died vC.dyed D.dyingv()6._ were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.vA.We,us B.Us,we vC.We,our D.We,wev()7.He found the street much _.vA.crowd B.crowding vC.crowded D.crowdedlyv()8.I think _necessary
18、 to learn English well.vA.its B.it vC.that D.that isv()9.The dog _ mad.vA.looks B.is looked vC.is being looked D.was lookedv()10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.vA.that B.when vC.in which D.where句子成份句子成份表表补补定定 状状Members of sentence:S-subjectP-predicative O-objectAttri.-attributeAdv.-
19、adverb Oc-object complement 主主宾宾表表补补定定状状1)主语（主语（subject）I like football.The boy needs a pen.句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由 担任担任,常置于句首。常置于句首。2)谓语（谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作或状态。由说明主语的动作或状态。由 担任。常置于主语后。担任。常置于主语后。The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket.,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词 或从句或从句名词名词,主格代词主格代词动词动词3)宾语宾语
20、（object）4)表语表语（predicative）He won the game.On the desk表示表示vt.的动作对象或的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。所联系的对象。由由n.或相当于或相当于n.的词担任。置于的词担任。置于vt.或或prep.后。后。Tome lost his life in the big fire.He is a student.用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由由n.n.或或adj.adj.担任。置于系动词之后。担任。置于系动词之后。除了除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作
21、系动词，1)表表感官的动词感官的动词:2)表表转变变化转变变化的动词的动词:3)表表延续延续的动词的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem 等。等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等等。5)宾补（宾补（objective complement）补充说明宾语的情况补充说明宾语的情况 。由由n./adj./n./adj./介宾介宾 /分词分词 /不定式等担任。不定式等担任。They made him king.I consider the book too expensive.6)定
22、语（定语（attributive）对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用汉语中常用的的表示表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。通常位于被修饰的成分前。The black bike is mine.()说明说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。我告诉他一些有趣的事情。I tell him something interesting.说明说明2：不定式、短语或从句不定
23、式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。这间屋子里的男孩子们是这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。班的。The boys in the room are in Class Ten.7)状语（状语（adverbial）用以修饰用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句及全句,位置灵活位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；之后，强调时放在句首；修饰修饰形容词或副词形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示表示时间、地点、目的的状语时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句一般位于句子两头，强调时
24、放在句首，首，一些表示不确定时间（如：一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：）或程度（如：almost）的副）的副词状语通常位于词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。I am very sorry.We often help him.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语（从句作时间状语).简单句简单句1.Things changed.2.Trees are green.3.We dont beat children.4.He gave his sister the
25、piano.5.I found the book easy.主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 主 +谓 +宾 +宾补Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.PracticePractice 主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语主 +谓 +宾 +宾补.并列句并列句This is me and these are my friends.They must stay in wa
26、ter,or they will die.Its not cheap,but it is very good.It was late,so I went to bed.andorbut soHe knocked at the door;there was no answer.Youre alive!And shes dead.名词性从句名词性从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句.复合句复合句A plane is a machine that can fly.He said that he didnt like her.状语从句
27、状语从句分为九类：分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句时间状语从句Wait until you are called.When spring came,leaves turn green.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as soon as,whenever等等2)地点状语从句地点状语从句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有：常用的
28、关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因状语从句原因状语从句As I didnt know the way,I asked a policeman常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：because,as,since4)结果状语从句结果状语从句I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so,so that,such that,that 5)目的状语从句目的状语从句Ill show you so you will see how its done.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so
29、,so that,in order that6)条件状语从句条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：if,unless,in case that,on condition that常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：though,although,if even if,even though,7)让步状语从句让步状语从句Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as,as if,as though,how常用的关联
30、词有：常用的关联词有：so,so that,as far as,so long as8)方式状语从句方式状语从句He did just as you told him.9)程度状语从句程度状语从句So long as you need me,Ill stay.名词性从句名词性从句1)主语从句主语从句*What he said is not known.*That we shall be late is certain.*It is certain that we shall be late.*How strange it is that the children are so quiet!2）
31、表语从句表语从句*That is what he wants to buy.*The problem is that who we can get to replace her?*The reason is that he has lied to me several times.3)宾语从句宾语从句*I understand that he is well qualified.*He said that he didnt like her.*I dont know if you can help me.4)同位语从句同位语从句*Where did you get the idea that
32、I couldnt come?*The question who should do the work requires consideration.*Mother made a promise that she would buy me a new coat.the ideaThe questiona promise注意！注意！*that与与what都可以引导名词性从句。都可以引导名词性从句。*what在从句中充当句子成份（主在从句中充当句子成份（主,宾宾,表）。表）。*That在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。*that在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外
33、）在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）.That is what he wants to buy.That we shall be late is certain.He said(that)he didnt like her.引导词引导词that&what 状语从句状语从句分为九类：分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句时间状语从句Wait until you are called.When spring came,leaves turn green.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as,afte
34、r,before,since,till/until,when,while,as soon as,whenever等等2)地点状语从句地点状语从句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因状语从句原因状语从句As I didnt know the way,I asked a policeman常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：because,as,since4)结果状语从句结果状语从句I was in the bath so that I didnt
35、 hear the telephone.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so,so that,such that,that 5)目的状语从句目的状语从句Ill show you so you will see how its done.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so,so that,in order that6)条件状语从句条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：if,unless,in case that,on condition that常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：though,although,if even if,even though,7)让步状语从句让步状语从句Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as,as if,as though,how常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so,so that,as far as,so long as8)方式状语从句方式状语从句He did just as you told him.9)程度状语从句程度状语从句So long as you need me,Ill stay.祝您成功！
