1、四、形容词和副词语法专项精讲跟踪训练运用语法专项精讲 细筛选巧拓展考点一形容词和副词的基本用法1.形容词的基本用法形容词在句中可以作定语、表语、补语(含宾语补足语和主语补足语)和状语。作状语时与句子用逗号隔开,修饰不定代词时要后置。Although it doesnt taste of anything special,its still worth a try.尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方,但是还是值得一试。Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.天气状况太差,他想再找到(雪
2、橇的)轨迹是不可能的。2.副词的基本用法副词在句中可以用作状语,主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。Thankfully,I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地,我终于打完比赛了,所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。特别提示 常考的连接性副词:though“然而,可是”(用于句末);meanwhile“在此期间”;therefore/thus/consequently“因此,所以”;moreover/furthermore“而且,此外”;beside
3、s“而且,另外,还有”;however“然而”;instead“相反,代替”;anyway/anyhow“尽管,即使这样”;otherwise“否则”。The young man couldnt afford a new car.Instead,he bought a used one.那个年轻人买不起新车,便买了一辆二手的。The house was too expensive and too big.Besides,Id grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了。而且,我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。3.意义有别的同根副词clos
4、e 接近地closely 仔细地free 免费地 freely 自由地hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不late 迟,晚 lately 近来most 极,非常 mostly 主要地wide 广阔地 widely 广泛地high 高 highly 高度地deep 深 deeply 深刻地,深沉地near 临近 nearly 几乎pretty 相当地 prettily 迷人地特别提示 常见的以-ly结尾的形容词,如:lovely,lonely,lively,deadly,friendly,likely,unlikely,silly,ugly,daily,motherly,fatherly,br
5、otherly,elderly等。Deep in thought,he didnt notice me.陷入沉思中,他没注意到我。He was deeply moved by the moving story.他被这个感人的故事深深地感动了。考点二形容词和副词的比较等级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加-er,-est构成。如:clevercleverercleverest。其他特殊变化见下表:特殊情况特殊情况构成方式构成方式例词例词以不发音以不发音的的e e结尾结尾加加-r-r和和-st-stbravebravebraverbraverbrav
6、estbravest以以“辅音字辅音字母母+y+y”结尾结尾变变y y为为i,i,再再加加-er-er 和和-est-esthappyhappyhappierhappierhappiesthappiest多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more,most构成。activemore activemost activehappilymore happilymost happily以重读闭以重读闭音节结尾音节结尾且词尾只有且词尾只有一个一个辅音字母辅音字母双写词尾双写词尾,再再加加-er-er和和-est-esthothothotterhotterhottesthottest(2)不规则变
7、化原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级good,wellgood,wellbetterbetterbestbestbad,illbad,illworseworseworstworstmany,muchmany,muchmoremoremostmostlittlelittlelesslessleastleastfarfarfarther/furtherfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestfarthest/furthestoldoldolder/elderolder/elderoldest/eldestoldest/eldest特别提示 以下形容词及其副词无比较级和最高级:
8、relative,absolute,perfect,entire,senior,unique,present,simply,right,wrong等。2.基本用法(1)两者相比,表示“和一样”,用“as+原级+as”表示。He learns as quickly as his classmates.他和他的同学学得一样快。特别提示 在同级比较中,若同时出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。Our neighbor has as big a house as ours.我们的邻居有一套和我们的一样大的房子。(2)两者相比,表示“不如”,用“not as/so
9、+原级+as”。Unfortunately,my wife isnt so fond of them as I am.不幸的是,我妻子不如我那么喜欢他们。(3)两者相比,表示“比更”,用“比较级+than”;表示“不如”,用 “not+比较级+than”。Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library.在互联网上查找信息比在图书馆查找更方便。This one is not better than that one.这个不如那个好。特别提示 修饰比较级的词语有:a bit,a l
10、ittle,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great deal,any,still,even等;还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。修饰最高级的词语有:by far,far,much,mostly,almost和序数词。We have a much better life now.我们现在的日子好得多了。The buildings look far uglier in London than here.伦敦的建筑比这儿的难看得多。She is the second tallest student in our class.她是我们班第二高
11、的学生。3.特殊用法(1)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。In many ways my disability has made me grow more and more independent.在很多方面,我的残疾已经使我变得越来越独立。(2)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越”。The more upset I got,the less I was able to concentrate.我越烦就越不能集中精力。(3)“more+原级+than+原级”表示“与其说不如说”。The girl was more frightened than hurt.与其说这个女孩
12、是受了伤,不如说是受到了惊吓。(4)“more than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非所能;不能”。The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。(5)形容词比较级前一般不用冠词,但如果出现表示范围的短语时,就需要加定 冠词。Of the two sisters,Mary is the cleverer.这两姐妹中,玛丽更聪明。特别提示 有时形容词最高级前不用the,句中的most 相当于very,意为“非常,十分”。This is a most interesting story.这是一个很有趣的故事。4.
13、比较级形式表示最高级含义 在某个特定范围内,同类事物对比,可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。比较级+than+any other+单数名词 比较级+than+the other+复数名词 比较级+than+anyone/anything else 比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词 China is the largest country in Asia.That is,it is larger than any other country in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家,即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。5.表示倍数的三个常用句型(1).倍数+as+原级+as.
14、He can run three times as fast as John.他跑得有约翰三倍快。(2).倍数+比较级+than.This table is three times bigger than that one.这张桌子比那张桌子大两倍。(3).倍数+the size/length/width/height,etc.+of.This table is three times the size of that one.这张桌子是那张的三倍大。考点三形容词和副词的词形变化1.常见的形容词后缀形容词形容词后缀后缀意义意义例词例词-able-able-ible-ible可可的的;能能的的;
15、应应的的;有有性质的性质的acceptableacceptable可接受的可接受的availableavailable可获得的可获得的valuablevaluable有价值的有价值的reasonablereasonable合理的合理的accessibleaccessible可接近的可接近的-al-al与与有关的有关的typicaltypical典型的典型的digitaldigital数码的数码的culturalcultural文化的文化的environmentalenvironmental环境的环境的-ant/-ant/-ent-ent是是的的frequentfrequent频繁的频繁的con
16、venientconvenient方便的方便的efficientefficient效率高的效率高的significantsignificant有意义的有意义的-ful-ful充满充满的的;有有性质性质(或倾或倾向的向的)successfulsuccessful成功的成功的meaningfulmeaningful有意义的有意义的powerfulpowerful强大的强大的thankfulthankful感激的感激的-less-less 无无的的;没有没有的的endlessendless无尽的无尽的aimlessaimless无目标的无目标的powerlesspowerless无能为力的无能为力的
17、-tive-tive 有有倾向的倾向的attractiveattractive迷人的迷人的effectiveeffective有效的有效的instructiveinstructive有教育意义的有教育意义的-ed-ed感到感到的的scarescaredscarescared感到恐惧的感到恐惧的confuseconfusedconfuseconfused感到困惑的感到困惑的-ing-ing令人令人的的surprisesurprisingsurprisesurprising令人惊异的令人惊异的convinceconvincingconvinceconvincing令人信服的令人信服的satisfy
18、satisfyingsatisfysatisfying令人满意的令人满意的-ous-ous具有具有性质的性质的continuecontinuouscontinuecontinuous不断的不断的;持续的持续的anxietyanxious anxietyanxious 忧虑的忧虑的curiositycurious curiositycurious 好奇的好奇的humorhumorous humorhumorous 幽默的幽默的-ern-ern方向的方向的easteastern easteastern 东方的东方的;向东的向东的-y-y多多的的foggyfoggy多雾的多雾的greedygreed
19、y贪婪的贪婪的wealthywealthy富有的富有的healthyhealthy健康的健康的2.形容词转换为副词情况情况变化规则变化规则例词例词一般情况一般情况在词尾在词尾加加-ly-lyimmediateimmediateimmediatelyimmediatelywonderfulwonderfulwonderfullywonderfully一些以辅音字母加一些以辅音字母加-y-y结结尾的形容词尾的形容词把把-y-y改为改为-i,-i,再加再加-ly-lyeasyeasyeasilyeasilyangryangryangrilyangrilynoisynoisynoisilynoisil
20、y以以-ble-ble或或-le-le结尾的形容词结尾的形容词去去e e加加-y-ypossiblepossiblepossiblypossiblycomfortablecomfortablecomfortablycomfortably以以-ue-ue结尾的形容词结尾的形容词去去e e加加-ly-lytruetruetrulytruly以以-ll-ll结尾的形容词结尾的形容词在词尾加在词尾加-y-yfullfullfullyfully常见的形容词否定前缀(表示“不”、“非”、“无”)前缀前缀意义意义例词例词il-il-用于以用于以l l开头的单词前开头的单词前legalillegallegal
21、illegal不合法的不合法的logicalillogicallogicalillogical不合逻辑的不合逻辑的im-im-用于以用于以 m,p m,p 或或 b b 开开头的单词前头的单词前politeimpolitepoliteimpolite无礼的无礼的patientimpatientpatientimpatient不耐烦的不耐烦的ir-ir-ir-ir-用于用于r r前前regularirregularregularirregular不规则的不规则的responsibleirresponsibleresponsibleirresponsible不负责任的不负责任的in-in-用于其他
22、情况用于其他情况formalinformalformalinformal非正式的非正式的convenientinconvenientconvenientinconvenient不方便的不方便的un-un-是一个活用前缀是一个活用前缀usualunusualusualunusual不寻常的不寻常的willingunwillingwillingunwilling不愿意的不愿意的真题链接1.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor)studi
23、ed.(2019全国)答案及剖析:1.poorly考查副词。句意:很难计算出全球北极熊的数量,因为它们大部分活动范围没有很好地被研究。修饰动词studied用副词poorly。2.We are so proud of her.Its (wonder).(2019全国)3.Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are(high)than they
24、 actually are.(2019全国)答案及剖析:2.wonderful本句是主系表结构,故用wonder的形容词形式作表语。3.higher考查形容词比较级。句意:科学家回应指出饥饿的熊可能会聚集在人类居住区周围,导致人们的错觉是熊的数量比实际数量多。根据than可知用比较级。that populations are higher than they actually are 是 the illusion(错觉)的同位语从句。4.Her years of hard work have(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(
25、提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.(2019全国)5.They also shared with us many(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were (huge)popular with tourists.(2019全国)答案及剖析:4.finally此处应用副词作状语,修饰谓语动词。5.traditional;hugely本题有提示词,给名词填形容词,考查词性与句子成分的对等性,根据前面的many及其后的stories可知,此处应填形容词作定语;所填的词修饰形 容 词 p o p u l a r,故
26、 应 用 h u g e 的 副 词 形 式 h u g e l y。b ehugely popular with表示“非常受欢迎”。跟踪训练运用 重实效冲高考.单句语法填空1.Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and(meaning)college experience.(2019北京)答案
27、及剖析:1.meaningful考查词形转换。根据句意以及句子结构可知,此处用形容词作定语修饰名词college experience。2.When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings,car drivers can(easy)see them.(2019浙江)3.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years(long)than non-runners.(2018全国)答案及剖析:2.easi
28、ly考查副词。司机就能很容易看到他们。此处修饰动词see要用副词easily,作状语。3.longer考查形容词比较级。根据空白处之后的than可知,此处用long的比较级。4.According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total(globe)fertilizer consumption.(2018全国)5.A taste for meat is (actual)behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chicken
29、s,pigs,and cattle.(2018全国)答案及剖析:4.global考查词性转换。此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption意为“全世界的化肥总消耗量”。5.actually考查词性转换。应用副词作状语修饰介词短语behind the change。6.You can live a more (power)life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.7.Have you ever been so (absorb)in
30、 a video game as to forget sleep and meals?答案及剖析:6.powerful空格处修饰后面的名词life,用形容词,指“强有力的”。7.absorbed此处作表语,位于系动词后,故填absorbed“专心于”。8.Things in charity shops are much (cheap)than those in street stores.9.Police are asking for help from the public with an investigation into an armed robbery at downtown (ea
31、rly)this year.10.If the patient was extremely fat,it was (possible)to hear any heartbeat at all.答案及剖析:8.cheaper由系动词可知填形容词,另外由“than”可知填比较级,故填cheaper。9.earlier根据空格位置可知此处填副词,根据语境,“今年早些时间在购物街发生的持械抢劫案”可知填比较级earlier。10.impossible本题考查词性转换,根据语境可知此处表示不可能的。故填possible的反义词,在其前加前缀“im-”。.语法填空 Visitors to Britain
32、may find the 1.(good)place to enjoy local culture is in a 2.(tradition)pub.A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown culture of British pubs starting with the 3.(difficult)of getting a drink.This may sound inconvenient,but there is a 4.(hide)meaning.Pub culture is formed to improve s
33、ociability in a society that is known for its coldness.Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others who are waiting to be served.The bar counter is 5.(possible)the only place in Britain where a 6.(friend)talk with strangers is considered to be 7.(entire)proper and really quite norm
34、al behavior.8.,if you do not follow the local rules,the experience may fall flat.For example,if you are in a big group,it is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks.Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry 9.(much)than a group of 10.(strange)blocking all passages to the bar
35、 while they chat and hesitate about what to order.语篇解读:本文讲述的是关于享受英国文化最好的去处:酒吧。答案及剖析:1.best考查形容词最高级的用法。根据语境分析可知,此处暗含了一定的范围,即“在英国”,应该填提示词的最高级形式best。2.traditional考查派生词的用法。分析句子成分可知,此处应该填一个形容词作定语,修饰名词pub,所以填提示词的形容词形式traditional。3.difficulty考查派生词的用法。所填单词前有定冠词the,其后有介词,故应填写difficult的名词形式。4.hidden考查形容词的用法。h
36、idden是hide的过去分词,又可作形容词,意思是“隐藏的”。此处修饰名词meaning。5.possibly考查派生词的用法。此处在句中修饰系动词,作状语,应该填提示词的副词形式possibly。6.friendly考查派生词的用法。根据语境“与陌生人友好的交谈”可知,此处在句中作定语,填提示词的形容词形式friendly。7.entirely考查派生词的用法。此处在句中作状语,修饰形容词proper,填提示词的副词形式entirely。8.However考查副词的用法。根据语境可知,上下文之间为转折关系,且空格处用逗号与句子其他部分隔开,所以填表示转折关系的副词however。9.mor
37、e考查副词比较级的用法。根据后面的than可知,此处填提示词的比较级形式more。10.strangers根据横线所在的位置可知此处应填名词词性,短语“a group of”只修饰名词复数,故填strangers。1生活在新时代的我们，除了认真学习，提高自己的知识水平之外，社会上的一些热点问题也不容忽视，这是我们应该思考探究的生活在新时代的我们，除了认真学习，提高自己的知识水平之外，社会上的一些热点问题也不容忽视，这是我们应该思考探究的。2在钓鱼岛问题上，中国政府一直奉行尽量和平交谈，但不放弃武力保护的主张，表现出了对历史遗留问题有理有利有节的策略在钓鱼岛问题上，中国政府一直奉行尽量和平交谈，
38、但不放弃武力保护的主张，表现出了对历史遗留问题有理有利有节的策略。3这种新研制的牙膏香气浓郁，清新爽口，去污洁齿力强，而且不损伤牙釉质，能保持牙齿洁白光亮，深受消费者所喜爱这种新研制的牙膏香气浓郁，清新爽口，去污洁齿力强，而且不损伤牙釉质，能保持牙齿洁白光亮，深受消费者所喜爱。4我们只有在重大集会、节日庆典与外交场合穿具有中国范儿的我们只有在重大集会、节日庆典与外交场合穿具有中国范儿的“国服国服”，才能有利于在世界上树立充满文化自信的中国形象，才能有利于在世界上树立充满文化自信的中国形象。5.人类人类利用自然资源，其实就是利用自然地理系统中的某些要素，从而对自然地理环境产生影响利用自然资源，其实就是利用自然地理系统中的某些要素，从而对自然地理环境产生影响。6.不可不可更新资源的利用，需要其他资源的配合，也影响其他环境要素。更新资源的利用，需要其他资源的配合，也影响其他环境要素。7.分析分析地理环境各要素与环境总体特征协调一致的关系。常分析某一区域景观的成因，如结合地理位置分析气温、降水等对生物景观的影响地理环境各要素与环境总体特征协调一致的关系。常分析某一区域景观的成因，如结合地理位置分析气温、降水等对生物景观的影响。8山坡梯田海拔较低，热量充足，水、肥可顺地势自流至农田，利于水稻种植山坡梯田海拔较低，热量充足，水、肥可顺地势自流至农田，利于水稻种植
