1、谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.He works.He takes care of the baby.He will go to Shanghai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.You are students.You look smart.单谓语或动词单谓语或动词短语短语情态动词情态动词/助助动词动词+v.系动词系动词+表语表语非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不
2、单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.He works.He wants to work here.He is working now.He has done his work.1.谓语动词：谓语动词：概述：概述：2.非谓语词：非谓语词：在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，通俗地说，就是不能作谓语的动词变形）就是不能作谓语的动词变形）谓语动词与非谓语动词谓语动词与非谓语动词判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法l
3、eavingleft1.The man took out the key,_(open)the door and entered the room.2.The man sat there,_(read)a book.3._(work)hard,and you will succeed.4.The question _(discuss)at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.5._(improve)his spoken English,Mr.Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.op
4、enedreadingWork discussedTo improve 由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。非谓语不定式不定式（to do）V-ingV-edas a nounas adj.or adv.现在分词现在分词动名词动名词过去分词过去分词非谓语动词的分类非谓语动词的分类表将来，主动。表将来，主动。表进行，表进行，主动主动表完成，被动表完成，被动1.Tom returned from the managers office,telling me that the boss
5、 wanted to see me at once.2.The news meeting,to be held in that hall,has already been crowded with reporters.3.I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4.The man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.5.To live is to struggle.(生活就是斗争。生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）1.To see you is glad.=Its
6、glad to see you.2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you.4.My hope is to see you.5.He is the man to see you.6.Im glad to see you.7.I went to see you.8.He went so early as to see you.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）to disappearto move D.buy
7、ing B.for you helpingto be leftconsider doing sth.有些动词要求不定式不带to，有些要求必须带to，还有的带与不带都可以。我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking.go on doing继续做原来做的事。_ the programme,they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：_ a rainy day;we decided not to go there.go B.句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。takingThe pa
8、rty was very exciting.being opened and closedD.The boy is found very annoying.To make D.9.Swimming is his favorite sport.10.He enjoys swimming.11.I found him swimming in the river.12.His favorite sport is swimming.13.His favourite sport is swimming in the river.14.He is the man swimming in the river
9、 just now.15.It is a swimming pool.16.Swimming in Summer,we can get cool.17.The boy was very excited.18.The excited boy ran here and there.19.It is a broken cup.20.I found my watch taken away.21.Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks very beautiful.（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作状语）（作状语）（作定语）（
10、作定语）非谓语动词的句法作用非谓语非谓语动词动词主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 宾补宾补 状语状语不定式不定式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词高考热点非谓语动词的时态和语态一一.动词不定式的基本构成动词不定式的基本构成由不定式符号由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式加动词原形构成。其否定式由由not+不定式构成不定式构成主动态主动态被动态被动态一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式完成进行式完成进行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have been done _(see)you aga
11、in.(read)_(write)to seeto seeto be readingto have written (work)1.In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English.A.get B.getting C.to get D.got2.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard
12、PracticePractice3._ late(迟起迟起)in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep4.I would love _to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gone5.The patient was warned _oily food after the opera
13、tion.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating6.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up7.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B.learning C.to be learned D.to learn8._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.
14、To make B.Made C.Making D.To have made9.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.A.to finish B.finishing C.being finished D.to be finished时态时态语态语态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 完成式完成式 形式的语法形式形式的语法形式形式无
15、人称和数的变化形式无人称和数的变化,但有时态和但有时态和语态的变化语态的变化.其否定式由其否定式由not+doing形式形式doinghaving donebeing done having been done 非谓语动词的时态和语态1.分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生,_(ill),he didnt go to school._(not know)what to do next,he went to his teacher for advice.Being illNot knowing 2.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,
16、分词就要用完成时。分词就要用完成时。_(do)his homework,the boy went out to play._(write)his composition,he began to do his Maths homework.Having done Having written 1._(see)the film many times,he didnt go to see it last night.2.They sat there on the stone,_(talk)with each other.3._(use)your head,you will find a way.4.
17、The mother died,_ (leave)five children behind.Having seen talking Using leavingFill in the blanks.Fill in the blanks.当动词当动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语是动作的承形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词受者时，就要用动词-ing 形式的被动语态。形式的被动语态。动词动词-ing-ing形式的被动语态形式的被动语态1._(kill)by sharks in the sea is a common thing.2.He was afraid of _(scold)by the t
18、eacher.3.The bird escaped _ (catch).4._(give)such a good chance,how would you not value it at all?5.I remember _(tell)the story.Being killed being scoldedHaving been givenhaving been told being caught to be doinga moving movie 感人的电影 excited voice激动的声音 （形容词性分词作定语）-What made Bill so angry?He forgot to
19、 turn it off.to be refused D.Having been toldWe were warned _ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset.不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。Its fun/useful/nice/useless如果动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动形式。catch C.Walking along the street one day,she sawHe sat _ to her _ the stairs.called D
20、.losing C.being finished D.teaching D.I dont feel like anything now.The house wants _(clean).practice doing sth.1._(ask)to put on performance,she refused.2.He disliked _ (interrupt)in his experiment.3._(give)such a good chance,you should catch it.Being asked Fill in the blanks.Fill in the blanks.bei
21、ng interrupted Having been given4.I didnt mind _(leave)at home.5.The house wants _(clean).6.He came in without _(ask).7._(show)around the library,we were taken to see the lab.being leftcleaningbeing askedHaving been shown1.-What made Bill so angry?-_.His girl friend promised to come at 8:30,but she
22、hasnt come yet.A.Having kept waiting B.Being kept waiting C.To be kept waiting D.Being kept waitedPracticePractice 2._the piano,someone suddenly knocked at the door.A.Playing B.When I was playing C.Repairing D.Examining 3.Mother caught the boy _ in the corner.A.smoke B.to smoke C.being smoked D.smok
23、ing 4.The building _ in our school is for us teachers.Though theres noise most of the day,we still feel happy about it.A.built B.having been built C.to be built D.being built 5._ the programme,they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Havin
24、g not completed 6.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catchwe heard the doorbell rings感官动词 see,watch,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feelto be boughtIn order to keep warm,we shut all the windows.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。_(ill),he didnt go to scho
25、ol.The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.being heardHave waitedHaving seento be taken D.to stop to smoke B.I went to see him _ him out._(ask)to put onhe studies in?只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：Weve never seen him _ so well before.My sister is interested in _ in her free time.being built D.注意：被动语态中不能省去
26、to。7.“We cant go out in this weather”,said Bob,_ out of the window.A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked 8.Though _ money,his parents managed to send him to university.A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in 9.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont rea
27、lly need.A.to persuaded B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 10.The bell _ the end of the period rang,_ our heated discussion.A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated;interrupted 11._ many times,the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises.
28、A.Having taught B.Having been taught C.taught D.Teaching 12.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing 13._ the whole story,Jane decided not to see the film.A.Havi
29、ng been told B.Having told C.Been told D.Telling out of the rooms.I saw him _ into the small store.I find the book very interesting.Lets make a fire _ ourselves up._ late(迟起)in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.They sat there on the stone,_(talk)with each other.to be hearingv-ing形式的语法形式to sing,
30、singing若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。leave B.I need this chapter _ before tomorrow.go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，the boss has given John an extra jobto be studying D.to be boughtnot eating C.保持（继续）做某事answeringMaking D.14._in the queue of half an hour.Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at hom
31、e.A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited 15.The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.Having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung16.Do you mind _ alone at home?A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left C.Janes being left D.Jane to be left Thank Thank you!you!的语法形式的语法形式无人称和数的变化无人称和
32、数的变化,也没有时态和也没有时态和语态的变化。语态的变化。(done)v表示被动或完成表示被动或完成形式形式非谓语动词的时态和语态1.The glass is _(break).2.They were deeply _(move).3.The building(build)last year can hold 1,000 people.4.When I walked home,I saw a man _(catch)by the police.5._(see)from the top of the hill,the town looks even more beautiful.6.Deeply
33、 _(move)by the story,the children began to cry.brokenmovedbuiltcaught Seenmoved 作表语作表语,相当于一个形容词相当于一个形容词,说明主语的状态说明主语的状态)作定语作定语,表被动）表被动）作宾语补足语作宾语补足语,表被动）表被动）作宾语补足语作宾语补足语,表被动）表被动）辨析几类情况：1.动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为为;不定式不定式 做主语常表示某次具体的行为或做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。将来的动作。Climbing mountains is great f
34、un.爬山很有趣。爬山很有趣。To visit China is my next goal.2.不定式做主语，一般用不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.3.动名词作主语有时用动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动作形式主语，把动名词置于句名词置于句 尾。常见于以下句型中：尾。常见于以下句型中：Its no use/good/Its fun/useful/nice/useless e.g Its nice seeing you again.
35、一、不定式与动名词做主语：一、不定式与动名词做主语：1._ a language requires time and effort.A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Being learned2.It is not always easy _ invitations.A.to refuse B.refusing C.to be refused D.being refused3.How _ the problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A.to solve B.to be solved C.being solv
36、ed D.solving4.It is no good _.You should give_.A.to smoke,it up B.smoking,it up C.smoking,up it D.to smoke,up it二、不定式与动名词做宾语：二、不定式与动名词做宾语：v1.下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语：下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语：want,wish,hope,expect,ask,afford,agree,choose,pretend,decide,happen,learn,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,manage,promise,inten
37、d等。等。ve.g.He agreed to get someone to help us.v They promised not to break the school rules again.只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 decide to do sth.决定做某事决定做某事 want would like to do sth.想做某事想做某事 plan to do sth.计划做某计划做某 need to do st
38、h.需要做某事需要做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事能做某事 be used to do 被用来做被用来做 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事未能做某事Learning C.dances D.Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语；being fi
39、nished D.Yes,In London.opening;Of course D.being caughtbuying B.The report was so _ that they were all _.enjoy doing sth.To hear B.being held B.Seeing D.arrives C.to be refused D.过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。give up D.give up D.cant help doing sth.2.在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语：语：admit,advise
40、,allow,avoid,bear,cannot help,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,give up,imagine.include,keep,keep on,mind,miss,put off,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,insist on,be busy,be worth,feel like,cant stand,think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keepfrom,stop(from),protectfrom,be engaged in,spend(in
41、),succeed in,admit to,be/get/become used to,be equal to,devoteto,get down to,look forward to,object to,stick to,take to,see to,lead to,pay attention to等。等。只能接只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：作宾语的动词口诀：喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑错过建议保持介意值得考虑（押韵）（押韵）喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 enjoy doing sth
42、.喜欢做某事喜欢做某事 spend.doing sth.花费花费做某事做某事 be busy doing sth.忙于做忙于做 imagine sb.doing sth.想象想象做某事做某事 cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事想要做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事完成做某事 practice doing sth.练习做某事练习做某事 miss doing sth.错过做某事错过做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事建议做某事 keep(on)doing sth.保持（继续）做某事
43、保持（继续）做某事 mind doing sth.介意做某事介意做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事值得做某事 consider doing sth.考虑做某事考虑做某事错过建议保持介意值得考虑错过建议保持介意值得考虑 介词介词+doing 常考介词常考介词:at,in,on of,off,for,from up,about,without to 等等等等 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing 坚持做某事坚持做某事 be used f
44、or doing sth.被用来做某事被用来做某事 thank sb.for doing sth.谢谢某人做某事谢谢某人做某事 be tired of doing sth.厌烦做某事厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事害怕做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事推迟做某事stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事放弃做某事without doing sth.没有做某事没有做某事think about doing sth.考虑做某事考虑做某事What How about doing
45、 做某事怎么样做某事怎么样?此此to 非彼非彼to look forward to doing sth.（盼望）（盼望）pay attention to doing sth.（注意）（注意）be used to doing sth.（习惯于）（习惯于）prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢）（更喜欢）devote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于）make a contribution to doing（做贡献）（做贡献）特殊词精讲特殊词精讲:to do doing remember forger(do在后在后)要做要做（do在前）做过在前）做过sto
46、p go on（两个字）两件事（两个字）两件事（一个字）一件事（一个字）一件事likehatelove一次性一次性 长期长期 try 尽力做尽力做 尝试做尝试做 startbegin一样一样 一样一样 stop doing/to dostop to do停下来去做另一件事，停下来去做另一件事，stop doing停止正在做的某事。停止正在做的某事。Eg:他们停下来吸烟。他们停下来吸烟。They stop to smoke.我必须戒烟了我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking.forget to do忘记要去做某事，忘记要去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。忘记做过某事。
47、Eg：办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关没有做关灯的动作灯的动作The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）He forgot turning the light off.forget doing/to do remember doing/to doremember to do 记得去做某事记得去做某事remember doing记得做过某事记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局。记着放学后去趟邮局。R
48、emember to go to the post office after school.你不记得以前见过那个人吗你不记得以前见过那个人吗?Dont you remember seeing the man before?go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。继续做原来做的事。Eg：做完数学后，他接着去做物理。做完数学后，他接着去做物理。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完这个练习后，接着
49、做其他的练习做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one.try doing/to do sth.try to do sth.努力努力,尽力做某事尽力做某事Although maths is difficult,I will try to study it.try doing sth.试着做某事试着做某事The machine couldnt work.Lets try repairing it.小试牛刀小试牛刀1.Now more and more people are busy_ a
50、bout the Internet.A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learned 2.-Its too hot.Would you mind _the door?-_.Please do it.A.to open;OK B.opening;Certainly not C.opening;Of course D.to open;Good idea 3.No matter how hard it is,well keep _ until we make it.A.failed B.failing C.tried D.trying 4.-Are you enjoyi
