1、 Writing一、题型特点:一、题型特点:书面表达是对学生的语言组织能力、行文表达能力、书面表达是对学生的语言组织能力、行文表达能力、基础知识、语法、词汇等综合驾驭能力的考查。基础知识、语法、词汇等综合驾驭能力的考查。中考书面表达贴近生活,贴近时代,给同学们一更多中考书面表达贴近生活,贴近时代,给同学们一更多的表达空间。的表达空间。作文题目由限制性题目到半开放性题目,提示性词语作文题目由限制性题目到半开放性题目,提示性词语越来越少,而给同学们的空间越来越大:越来越少,而给同学们的空间越来越大:近年的中考书面表达题有哪些特点?我们可以从哪些方面早做准备呢?二、二、近年中考英语书面表达题近年中考
2、英语书面表达题的特点分析的特点分析1.突出开放性南京市2011年中考书面表达题假如你是李平,准备参加学校组织的英语征文比赛。请根据下面所提供的信息,介绍今天在你校操场举行的“One for One”图书义卖活动的情况并谈谈你的感受。This afternoon a charity sale was held on the playground in our school._2.突出时代性淮安市2011年中考书面表达题 自贯彻“规范办学行为”以来,我们学生的学校生活发生了一系列变化。请根据下列表格中的要点提示,用英语写一段话,词数在80-100之间,内容必须包括表格中的提示要点。3.突出交际性。
3、苏州市2011年中考书面表达题假如你是苏华,你在加拿大的笔友John在做一个关于世界各国中学生如何过暑假的调查,他给你发了一封电子邮件,想了解一下有关情况。清认真阅读下面的邮件,根据信中的内容及你的实际用英语回复,可以有适当的发挥。4.突出教育性扬州市2011年中考书面表达题 在家庭里、在社会中,只要我们从自身做起,我们的行为就可以为实现和谐社会起到推进作用。你们学校的English Newsletter正在以Doing Our Part(从自身做起)为题举行征文活动,请根据下列表格提示的内容,用英语写一篇征文。扬州市中考真题回顾(2013年)书面表达随着年龄的增长,我们的课外活动领域会扩大,
4、关注点也会增多,你们学校的English Newsletter正在以My After-School Activities为题举行征文活动,请根据下面的表格所提示的内容,用英语写一篇征文。要求:1)表达清楚,语法正确,上下文连贯;2)必须包括表格中的相关信息,并适当发挥;3)词数:100词左右(征文的开头已给出,不计入总词数);4)不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。2014年中考题:中考书面表达题命题趋势:进一步注重试题的时代性、开放性、教育性和交际性更加注重与学生的实际生活相联系,突出语言的交际性功能,突出用英语做事的功能给学生更多的思维想象和灵活运用所学语言知识的空间中考评分标准 一、评分标准
5、:一档文 17-20分:写出全部内容要点,层次清楚、语言流畅,有句式变化,有复杂结构(至少2-3个),基本无语法错误(1-2个错误),或有少量由于使用复杂结构而引起的语法或拼写错误,但不影响意义理解。二档文13-16分:基本写出全部内容要点,层次清楚、语言流畅,有少量语法错误(3-4个错误)。三档文9-12分:写出大部分内容要点,语言基本通顺,有一些语法和拼写错误,基本不影响意思表达。四档文 5-8分:写出一半左右有关内容要点,语言不太通顺,语法结构单调、错误较多,只有少数句子可读,影响理解。五档文 0-4分:词不达意,不知所云;只有2-3个短语可读。中考评分标准二、评分说明:1、短语及句子结
6、构不对,人称、时态、语态误用,均为大错。一处大错扣1分。2、通篇人称、时态、标点错误,统扣2分。3、拼写、标点符号、冠词、介词等方面的错误为小错。3个小错相当于1处大错。4、相同错误,只扣一次。5、词数不足90词扣2分。6、文中若出现自己及学校等真实名称扣3分。书写潦草,卷面不清,乃至影响阅卷,扣2分。1 题目要求、内容要点;题目要求、内容要点;2 句子准确、通顺;句子准确、通顺;3 层次结构清晰;层次结构清晰;4 拼写、语法等错误;拼写、语法等错误;5 卷面整洁度;卷面整洁度;1 审题:审题:审清作文体裁(类型)时态、人称等细节;审清作文体裁(类型)时态、人称等细节;2 列提纲(文章结构框架
7、):列提纲(文章结构框架):分几段,以及每段大体分几段,以及每段大体内容;内容;3 写作:写作:在提纲的基础上补充要点;在提纲的基础上补充要点;4 复查:复查:2遍遍1遍看查拼写、语法、标点等问题;遍看查拼写、语法、标点等问题;2遍不出声读查,靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等;遍不出声读查,靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等;5 誊抄:誊抄:不允许做任何的更改。不允许做任何的更改。*总之做到总之做到三审三审:体裁、时态、人称;:体裁、时态、人称;三思三思:词汇:词汇短语短语句式;句式;三查三查:要点、拼写和语法、连贯。:要点、拼写和语法、连贯。文章分文章分3段:段:(1)综述:)综述:概括性强,最多
8、概括性强,最多2句话引入主题;句话引入主题;(2)正文)正文主要内容:主要内容:层次性强,一定要有过渡型层次性强,一定要有过渡型连接词。最多展开连接词。最多展开3个方面,每个方面最多个方面,每个方面最多2句话;句话;(3)结尾:)结尾:紧扣主题,紧扣主题,2句话内结束,尽量升华。句话内结束,尽量升华。例例1:利弊型作文:利弊型作文Microblog的利与弊的利与弊Para1:(综述)(综述)with the development of internet more and more popularPara2:(利)(利)First,convenient,anywhere,any time;Se
9、cond,share with;Last,express views free,money-freePara3:(弊)(弊)However,one coin has two faces.On the one hand,a waste of timeaffect study;On the other hand,not safestolen,hurt feelingsPara4:(个人)(个人)As a student,make good use of it.赢得高分的写作技巧全篇把握,中心突出,前后呼应。确定好主题句,起到“画龙点睛”的作用。要有高级句子或者亮点句子巧用连接词使文章紧凑连贯1.表
10、示并列或递进表示并列或递进:and,as well as,bothand,whats more not onlybut also,neithernor2.表示选择表示选择:or,eitheror3.表示转折表示转折:but,however,althoughthough,after all,anyway4.表示因果表示因果:because,so,therefore,since,for,as a result5.表示条件表示条件:if,unless6.表示对比表示对比:instead,notbut,while,in the same way,on the one handon the other
11、hand7.表示解释表示解释:for example,for instance,such as,that is to say,in other words,to tell the truth8.表示顺序表示顺序:to begin with,firstly,first(of all),second(ly),next,later,since then,from then on,finally,in the end9.表示强调表示强调:also,besides,especially,actually,in fact10.表示结论表示结论:all in all,altogether,in a word
12、,generally speaking,in short 2.使用高级句式使用高级句式He spends so much time playing computer games.As a result,He/he failed in most of his lessons.3.拓展句子拓展句子My hometown is a beautiful small village with a lot of trees and flowers and it is a place where many old people can live to 100 years old.4.注意主题句与支撑句注意主
13、题句与支撑句 I think exams are helpful to us.A.Its very important for us to have an exam.B.I love exams very much.C.We have an exam every week.D.It can help us find out our problems in learning.E.Teachers will know more about our learning from our papers.F.It can make us more confident and interested in s
14、chool sometimes.5.强化句子之间的逻辑关系强化句子之间的逻辑关系 I often do sports.I play with my classmates in ball games.I keep fit and healthy.In order to keep fit and healthy,I often do sports with my classmates.6.6.巧用巧用常用的谚语常用的谚语1.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧2.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难3.Where there is a will,ther
15、e is a way.有志者事竟成4.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘,谬之千里5.Every coin has two sides.每枚硬币都有两面;凡事皆有好坏常用的谚语常用的谚语6.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智7.Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知8.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻9.Its never too old to lear
16、n.活到老,学到老常用的谚语常用的谚语15.well begun,half done.好的开始等于成功的一半16.Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩17.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情18.Nothing is too difficult in the world if you set your mind into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人常用的谚语常用的谚语10.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子11.A journey of a thousand mi
17、les begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下12.Look before you leap.三思而后行13.Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功14.Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同例例2:计划安排型作文:计划安排型作文谈假期安排谈假期安排Para1:(综述)(综述)graduate from,holiday is coming,plan for this holidayPara2:(正文)(正文)Firstly,study comes first.make preparations for the
18、first senior year;Secondly,visit tourist attractions;Last but not least,do sports to build up my body.Para3:I am sure Ill have a meaningful holiday.(Im looking forward to the coming holiday.)(I cant wait to enjoy my summer vocation.)2 图表、数字比例型图表、数字比例型(提出讨论或调查的事实)Last week,our class had a class meeti
19、ng on(how to)Here are the results.(表达出不同看法或观点)Most students think While 20%of them choose to.Another 15 believe There are also some saying that(表达个人看法)As a student,I agree to3 说明利弊型说明利弊型 Nowadays is becoming more and more popular.It has many advantages.First,优点1 Besides,优点2 However,every coin has tw
20、o sides.It also brings us bad influences.On the one hand,缺点1 On the other hand,缺点2 In my opinion,个人观点 5 解决问题型解决问题型 Recently,the problem has been more and more serious.should do something to solve it.Firstly,方法1 Secondly,方法2 Finally,方法3 I am sure if everyone can make a contribution to,the will become
21、 better and better.五、整洁性五、整洁性 1.字迹乱,划痕较多,字字不踩线。高低错落字迹乱,划痕较多,字字不踩线。高低错落。2.字迹或太大,显得不紧凑;或太小,太密,字迹或太大,显得不紧凑;或太小,太密,看不清,占不满格。看不清,占不满格。3 字数太多,显得太罗嗦,出格就看不见了。字数太多,显得太罗嗦,出格就看不见了。字数太少,空太多格,会被误认为字数不够字数太少,空太多格,会被误认为字数不够,不会得高分。,不会得高分。4 4 规范规范三写三写:大大 小小 写写,拼拼 写写,书书 写Learning aims:掌握写作的基本技巧,并根掌握写作的基本技巧,并根据提供信息和要求完
22、成与话题据提供信息和要求完成与话题相关的作文相关的作文这几年,扬州市一直在积极创建全国文明城市这几年,扬州市一直在积极创建全国文明城市(National Civilized City),每个人都积极参与了进来。假如你叫王鑫,作为中学生的,每个人都积极参与了进来。假如你叫王鑫,作为中学生的你注意到城市在创建过程中可喜的变化,也看到了一些需要改进你注意到城市在创建过程中可喜的变化,也看到了一些需要改进的地方。在此,你向谢市长写一封信反映这些情况并提出你的一的地方。在此,你向谢市长写一封信反映这些情况并提出你的一些建议。些建议。要求:要求:1)表达清楚,语法正确,上下文连贯;表达清楚,语法正确,上下
23、文连贯;2)必须包括所有相关信息,并作适当发挥;必须包括所有相关信息,并作适当发挥;3)100词左右词左右(书信的开头与结尾不计入总词数);书信的开头与结尾不计入总词数);4)不得使用真实姓名和校名等。不得使用真实姓名和校名等。Discussion抄抄组组集集连连抓抓审审文文集句成段集句成段组段成篇组段成篇审清题意审清题意连词成句连词成句抓住要点抓住要点抄写规范抄写规范书面表达六步法书面表达六步法作作审清题意审清题意 弄清写作弄清写作主题主题 弄清写作弄清写作体裁体裁 弄清写作弄清写作对象对象 弄清写作弄清写作人称人称 弄清写作弄清写作字数字数 弄清写作弄清写作结构结构 弄清写作弄清写作时态时
24、态 弄清写作弄清写作信息信息 弄清写作弄清写作补充补充弄清写作弄清写作要求要求 这几年,扬州市一直在积极创建全国文明城市这几年,扬州市一直在积极创建全国文明城市 (National Civilized City),每个人都积极参与,每个人都积极参与 了进来。假如你叫王鑫,作为中学生的你注了进来。假如你叫王鑫,作为中学生的你注 意到城市在创建过程中可喜的变化,也看到意到城市在创建过程中可喜的变化,也看到 了一些需要改进的地方。了一些需要改进的地方。在此,你向谢市长在此,你向谢市长 写一封信反映这些情况并提出你的一些建议。写一封信反映这些情况并提出你的一些建议。要求:要求:1)表达清楚,语法正确,
25、上下文连贯;表达清楚,语法正确,上下文连贯;2)必须包括所有相关信息,并作适当发挥;必须包括所有相关信息,并作适当发挥;3)100词左右词左右(书信的开头与结尾不计入总词数);书信的开头与结尾不计入总词数);4)不得使用真实姓名和校名等。不得使用真实姓名和校名等。字数字数未知信息未知信息结构结构体裁体裁对象对象人称人称主题主题时态时态以一般现在时、现在完成时和一般将来时为主以一般现在时、现在完成时和一般将来时为主已知信息已知信息1.List some keywords about changes.Phrases:_ _2.List some keywords about problems.Ph
26、rases:_ _ 3.List some keywords about suggestions.1.Phrases:_ _ 抓住要点,列关键词抓住要点,列关键词environment,clean and tidy,too much traffic,traffic accidents,8A1 Study skills Main points and keywordsclean and tidy,plant more trees(7B5),actively take actions to protect wildlife(8A5)a new airport,in service,this yea
27、r,more tall buildings,a new library,borrow books for free,protect ancient buildings,give seats to people in need(7B5)help the old/disabled cross the road(7B5)visit the home for the elderly(7B5),be ready/willing to help others(8A1),too much traffic,too much noise,drop litter carelessly(8A5),not wait
28、in line at the bus stop,smoke in public placessome broken roads,need to be repaired the elderly,feel a bit lonely(8B1),few homes for the elderlyfew youth centers(7B2),less open space for people to relax(8B1)抓住要点,列关键词抓住要点,列关键词plant more trees(7B5),clean up the park(7B5)actively take actions to protec
29、t wildlife(8A5)educate citizens not to drop litter carelesslyrepair the broken roads control the number of private cars not to cross the road carelessly encourage people to ride instead of driving give seats to people in need(7B5)help the old/disabled cross the road(7B5)visit the home for the elderl
30、y(7B5)be ready/willing to help others(8A1),be volunteers keep quiet/not to smoke in the public places care for the disabled,improve the lives of the poorbuild more youth centers protect more ancient buildings make all the children go to school具体建议具体建议1.Make sentences with the keywords about changes.
31、Sentences:_ _2.Make sentences with the keywords about problems.Sentences:_ _3.Make sentences with the keywords about suggestions.Sentences:_ _连词成句,变换句式连词成句,变换句式The environment has become cleaner and tidierthan before.8A1 Study skills Main points and keywords变换句式变换句式Some people drop litter carelessly
32、.We can see everywhere on a busy street.the litterSome people drop litter carelessly and we can see iteverywhere on a busy street.Some people drop litter so carelessly that we can see it everywhere on a busy street.并列句并列句复合句复合句结果状语从句结果状语从句for example,besides,whats more,such as,whats worse,in additio
33、n,and,in a word,in ones opinion,however,but,yet,on the other hand,otherwise,or,because of,because,thanks to,so that,in order to,first,then,next,afterwards,finally,as a result,so,so/suchthat,therefore,too.to not only-but also-,both-and-,either-or-,neither-nor-,还可运用:还可运用:状语从句,宾语从句,状语从句,宾语从句,定语从句,被动语态,
34、定语从句,被动语态,谚语谚语 等等,but nowSome people drop litter so carelessly that we can see it everywhere on a busy street.There is too much traffic on the roads and traffic accidents often happen.There are few homes for the elderly.The number of the elderly is getting larger and larger.集句成段,组段成篇集句成段,组段成篇However
35、,there are still many problems.,as a result,Whats worse,also Lets enjoy our own compositions!这几年,扬州市一直在积极创建全国文明城市这几年,扬州市一直在积极创建全国文明城市(National Civilized City),每个人都积极参与了进来。假如你叫王鑫,作为中学生的,每个人都积极参与了进来。假如你叫王鑫,作为中学生的你注意到城市在创建过程中可喜的变化,也看到了一些需要改进你注意到城市在创建过程中可喜的变化,也看到了一些需要改进的地方。在此,你向谢市长写一封信反映这些情况并提出你的一的地方。在此
36、,你向谢市长写一封信反映这些情况并提出你的一些建议。些建议。要求:要求:1)表达清楚,语法正确,上下文连贯;表达清楚,语法正确,上下文连贯;2)必须包括所有相关信息,并作适当发挥;必须包括所有相关信息,并作适当发挥;3)100词左右词左右(书信的开头与结尾不计入总词数);书信的开头与结尾不计入总词数);4)不得使用真实姓名和校名等。不得使用真实姓名和校名等。二、评分档次:二、评分档次:一档文一档文(17-20分分)写出全部内容要点,层次清楚、语言流畅,有句式变化,写出全部内容要点,层次清楚、语言流畅,有句式变化,有复杂结构。有复杂结构。二档文二档文(13-16分分)基本基本写出全部内容要点,层
37、次清楚、语言流畅,有少量写出全部内容要点,层次清楚、语言流畅,有少量 语法错误。语法错误。三档文三档文(9-12分分)写出大部内容要点,语言基本通顺有一些语法和拼写错误。写出大部内容要点,语言基本通顺有一些语法和拼写错误。四档文四档文(5-8分分)写出一半左右有关内容要点,语言不通,影响理解。写出一半左右有关内容要点,语言不通,影响理解。五档文五档文(0-4分分)言不达意,不知所云。言不达意,不知所云。一、评分原则:一、评分原则:1.短语及句子结构不对,人称、时态、语态误用,均为大错。一处大短语及句子结构不对,人称、时态、语态误用,均为大错。一处大 错扣错扣1分。分。2.通篇人称错误,统扣通篇
38、人称错误,统扣2分。分。3.拼写拼写、标点符号、冠词、介词等方面的标点符号、冠词、介词等方面的 错误为小错。错误为小错。2个小错相当个小错相当 于于1个大错。个大错。4.相同错误,只扣一次。字数不足相同错误,只扣一次。字数不足90词扣词扣3分。分。5.文中若出现自己及老师、学校等真实姓名扣文中若出现自己及老师、学校等真实姓名扣3分。分。6.书写潦草,卷面不清,扣书写潦草,卷面不清,扣2分。分。Im amazed that great changes have taken place in our city in the past few years.The government is devo
39、ting itself to improving peoples lives.More trees have been planted these years.And its said that an airport will be in service this year.Next year,getting into or out of the city will become much easier.Many citizens know that its important to keep our city clean and tidy.Whats more,they are always
40、 ready to help people in need.However,there are lots of things that we need to improve.The streets near schools are always crowded when we come to school and some people dont wait in line when they get on the bus.Besides,there will be more and more old people who need caring for.I think we can try t
41、o do something to make them better.In my opinion,firstly,we should encourage students to ride to school instead of going to school by car.Secondly,some volunteers are needed to keep order at the bus stop.Thirdly,more homes for the elderly need to be built in the next few years.Of course,it will be m
42、uch better if we think more of others.范文展示范文展示 目前全球出现许多环境问题,危害着人们的生命和财产。目前全球出现许多环境问题,危害着人们的生命和财产。为此,你们班的学生进行了讨论,请你以九年级学生为此,你们班的学生进行了讨论,请你以九年级学生Daniel的的名义用英语给报社编辑写一封信,呼吁人们关注环境保护。名义用英语给报社编辑写一封信,呼吁人们关注环境保护。要求:要求:1.表达清楚,语法正确,上下文连贯;表达清楚,语法正确,上下文连贯;2.要点必须包括所有相关信息,并作适当发挥,但不得使用要点必须包括所有相关信息,并作适当发挥,但不得使用 真实姓名
43、和校名等;真实姓名和校名等;3.词数:词数:100词左右(文章开头和结尾已给出词左右(文章开头和结尾已给出,不记入总词数)。不记入总词数)。We have many problems in the world now.The weather is getting warmer and warmer and natural disasters often attack us.Besides,there are all kinds of serious diseases around us.We think the following causes are very possible.One of
44、 the causes is that there are more and more cars that have polluted the air.Second,a large number of trees and forests have been cut down,so it is easy for the earth to be washed away.Third,every year a lot of old batteries are thrown away carelessly so that they have polluted the environment.I thin
45、k we should take actions to solve the problems.In my opinion,wed better go to school or go to work by bike instead of driving.Its necessary for us to plant more trees every year.Whats more,we ought not to drop litter carelessly.范文展示范文展示你将代表学校参加扬州市中学生英语演讲比赛,演讲的题目是你将代表学校参加扬州市中学生英语演讲比赛,演讲的题目是Learning t
46、o get along with our parents.Learning to get along with our parents.请你用英语写一篇演讲稿,内容要点如下。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿,内容要点如下。要求:要求:1)表达清楚,语法正确,上下文连贯;)表达清楚,语法正确,上下文连贯;2)必须包括所有相关信息,并作适当发挥;)必须包括所有相关信息,并作适当发挥;3)词数:)词数:100词左右(演讲稿的开头与结尾已给出,不计入总词左右(演讲稿的开头与结尾已给出,不计入总词数)词数)4)不得使用真实姓名和校名等。)不得使用真实姓名和校名等。Sample writing Good morni
47、ng,ladies and gentlemen.Today my topic is learning to get along with our parents.These days,most of us feel it is hard to get along with our parents.We easily get angry for no reason and even dont talk to them for days.I think the causes are as follows.First,our parents only care about our marks and
48、 it makes us stressed.Second,we are unwilling to communicate with them.Its time for us to change.First,we can communicate with them,by sharing our joys and worries with them.Then,we can help do some housework to show our love for them.Finally,we should achieve a balance between our schoolwork and ho
49、bbies so that they wont feel worried about us.Thats all for my speech.Thank you!抄抄组组集集连连抓抓审审作文作文组段成篇,组段成篇,加主题句加主题句审清题意,审清题意,构建框架构建框架连词成句,连词成句,变换句式变换句式抓住要点,抓住要点,列关键词列关键词Summary集句成段,集句成段,添连接词添连接词抄写规范,抄写规范,避免错误避免错误Secrets of learning English:Practice makes perfect.Hard work leads to success.Homework1.复
50、习本课要点复习本课要点2.背诵精彩范文背诵精彩范文 祝同学们在中考中取得好成绩!祝同学们在中考中取得好成绩!五背原则五背原则1、背重点词汇2、背常用句型3、背精彩佳句4、背万能框架5、背经典范文四步原则四步原则第1步:紧扣主审题构思第2步:谋篇构段,草拟提纲第3步:组段成篇,初步成文第4步:加工修改,润色定稿三段十句作文法三段十句作文法第一段(开头):主旨句(句1)、扩展句(句2)第二段(中间):主题句(句3)、扩展句(句4-8)、小结(句9)扩展句包括举例说明,观点推导等第三段(结尾):结尾句(句10),包括总结与作者观点注意句式的变化注意句式的变化1、长短句变换2、主被动句合理运用3、特殊