1、定语从句一、定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。The man is a policeman.The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。替代作用在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。成分作用在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。注意：弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键。二、关系代
2、词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who,whom,whose,which,that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。who指人，在定语从句中作主语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClass1.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.whic
3、h指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnig-htwasnotinterestingatall.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Heisthemanthat/wholivesnextdoor.Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthismorning?Thedress(that/which)Annboughtdoesntfitherverywel
4、l.whose指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.注意：可用以下结构来代替：Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisempty.Thehousethewindowsofwhicharebrokenisempty.四 关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where和why等。when,where,why都在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代
5、替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedthe
6、plane.注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：Illneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstmetyou.Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.非限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如果去掉，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上：A不可省略B不用thatC不可用who代替whom Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhi
7、m.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.IhavebeentoHangzhou,whichisaverybeautifulcity.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况 当先行
8、词为all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,theone等词时。Everythingthathesaidwastrue.Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIveeverseen.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
