1、第22单元 目的句视译英汉汉英视译教程下篇 汉译英第22单元 目的句视译 n 目的句表达人类活动的基本内容，无论是在汉语还是在英语里，目的句都使用广泛，已为人们所熟练掌握。但是英汉两种语言表达目的的方式、思维习惯并非完全一致，有时甚至大相径庭，这就给语言转换带来困难。英汉表达目的的句子成分都既可以置于句首也可以置于句末。但是此句首并非彼句首，此句末也非彼句末，很多情况下汉英句子的目的成分在句子里的位置不一致，甚至是颠倒的。视译时是按照中文句子的自然顺序阅读理解的，就自然形成中文式的思维逻辑，当翻译时该思维逻辑不符合英语思维习惯时，就需要转换。移动复合句的重要句子成分位置或改变重要结构在视译条件
2、下有相当难度，可能会顾此失彼，并因此破坏了译文整体结构的通顺。第22单元 目的句视译n英汉之间表达目的的方式差异之大常常出乎想象。比如“为了尽快安顿好地震灾民，政府已经采取一系列有力措施。”可以译成“In order to have the earthquake victims housed properly and quickly,the government has taken a series of strong measures.”、“The government hopes/wants to house the earthquake victims properly and quic
3、kly and has taken a series of strong measures.”、“The government has taken a series of strong measures in hope of housing the earthquake victims properly and quickly.”或“The government has taken a series of strong measures hoping to house the earthquake victims properly and quickly.”除此之外，在更大的语境条件下这句第2
4、2单元 目的句视译n汉语还可以有更多的英语翻译方式。这就说明在语言内容基本不变的情况下，思维习惯、语言逻辑、结构方式等可能需要变化，这一点应该引起译员的高度关注。第22单元 目的句视译（要点梳理）n很多情况下汉英句子的目的成分在句子里的位置不一致，甚至是颠倒的n思维逻辑不符合英语思维习惯时，就需要转换n在语言内容基本不变的情况下，思维习惯、语言逻辑、结构方式等可能需要变化第22单元 目的句视译（例句）n1.他大声喊着“救命”，以便被别人听见。n【笔译】n【视译】He cried“Help”loudly in order that he could be heard.He cried“Help”
5、loudly so that he could be heard.第22单元 目的句视译（例句）n译评笔译译文过于书面化，不可取。英语目的表达方法很多，有书面或口语形式的差异。笔译译文可以改成“He cried Help loudly in order to be heard.”其他方式还有so as to be heard,just to be heard 等。第22单元 目的句视译（例句）n2.为了省钱，你可以乘公共汽车去那里而不要叫出租车。n【笔译】n【视译】In order to save money,you may go there by bus instead of calling
6、 a taxi.To save money,you may go there by bus instead of taxi.第22单元 目的句视译（例句）n译评 此句内容简短，用不定式表达目的更合适。翻译的原则之一是简洁，此原则更适用于视译，因为视译中视觉识读的理解速度比听译要慢，需要更多时间，留给译文输出的时间就少了。第22单元 目的句视译（例句）n3.我们要创造条件让人民监督和批评政府，使政府不敢懈怠，避免产生腐败。n【笔译】n【视译】We need to create conditions for people to oversee and criticize the governmen
7、t so as to make the government live up to its responsibility and prevent corruption.We ought to create conditions for people to oversee and criticize the government just to make it live up to its responsibility and prevent corruption.第22单元 目的句视译（例句）n译评视译译文的情态动词ought to 所表达的语气更接近中文意境。just to 更能凸显前面行为
8、的目的性。代词it 替代 government 是常规做法，使得句子逻辑更加紧凑。第22单元 目的句视译（例句）n4.党的一切奋斗，归根到底都是为了解放和发展社会生产力，不断改善人民生活。n【笔译】n【视译】All the Partys endeavors are pursued to free and develop the productive forces and steadily improve the peoples lives.All the Partys endeavors are intended to free and develop the productive force
9、s and steadily improve the peoples lives.第22单元 目的句视译（例句）n译评 与笔译译文相比较，视译译文的谓语动词intended 加上不定式to 结构更能强化目的表达的语气，且属于英语常见结构。第22单元 目的句视译（例句）n5.人们从世界各地来到美丽的黄浦江畔，走进世博园，顶着烈日，冒着风雨排着长队耐心等候，只为一睹世博会的风采。n【笔译】People from around the world streamed to the Expo Site situated along the beautiful Huangpu River.Undeterr
10、ed by the searing heat or soaking rain,they waited patiently in long lines to witness this much anticipated event.第22单元 目的句视译（例句）n【视译】People from around the world streamed to the Expo Site situated along the beautiful Huangpu River.In spite of the searing heat or soaking rain,they waited patiently i
11、n long lines in order to witness this much anticipated event.第22单元 目的句视译（例句）n译评此句的前部分铺垫较多，而表达目的的内容却比较简短，仅为一个简单的动宾结构，而目的却是此句的表达重心，因此在此利用更复杂的结构对表达目的的行为予以强化是必要的。第22单元 目的句视译（例段）n1.朋友们，我想对你们说：为了国家的富强，为了社会的公平正义，为了让人们幸福快乐地过得更好，为了让孩子们上好学，为了使我们的民族在世界赢得应有的尊严，我愿献出我的全部心血和精力。n1.朋友们，我想对你们说：为了国家的富强，为了社会的公平正义，为了让人们
12、幸福快乐地过得更好，为了让孩子们上好学，为了使我们的民族在世界赢得应有的尊严，我愿献出我的全部心血和精力。Dear friends,this is what I want to say to you:my goal is to make China strong and prosperous,to promote equity and justice and to ensure that our people will lead a better life,that our children can all go to school,and that our nation wins respe
13、ct it deserves,and I will dedicate all my life and energy to this cause.第22单元 目的句视译（例段）第22单元 目的句视译（例段）n【笔译】Dear friends,this is what I want to say to you:in order to make China strong and prosperous,to promote equity and justice and to ensure that our people will lead a better life,that our children
14、 can all go to school,and that our nation wins respect it deserves,I will dedicate all my life and energy to this cause.第22单元 目的句视译（例段）n【视译】Dear friends,this is what I want to say to you:my goal is to make China strong and prosperous,to promote equity and justice and to ensure that our people will l
15、ead a better life,that our children can all go to school,and that our nation wins respect it deserves,and I will dedicate all my life and energy to this cause.第22单元 目的句视译（例段）n译评笔译译文表示目的的词组in order to 从逻辑结构层面与原文更贴近，但是在若干表示目的的短语之后再出现主句是典型的书面化语言，无论译员，还是听众都会有冗长的感觉。而视译译文一开始就巧妙地明确主题是目的，后面只是罗列若干平行系表结构，使得句子
16、结构简单，语义层次清晰。第22单元 目的句视译（例段）n2.为缓和紧张局势，中方做了大量劝和促谈工作。我们支持任何有利于维护半岛和平稳定的努力，支持各方进行接触和对话，希望有关接触对话和六方会谈能够并行推进。为此，我们欢迎半岛北南双方昨天在巴厘岛接触。n2.为缓和紧张局势，中方做了大量劝和促谈工作。我们支持任何有利于维护半岛和平稳定的努力，支持各方进行接触和对话，China has made a lot of efforts to encourage talks and defuse tension.We support any effort that is conducive to peac
17、e and stability on the Peninsula.We support contacts and dialogue between the relevant parties,第22单元 目的句视译（例段）第22单元 目的句视译（例段）n希望有关接触对话和六方会谈能够并行推进。为此，我们欢迎半岛北南双方昨天在巴厘岛接触。and hope that the contacts and dialogue will proceed in parallel with the Six Party Talks.In this regard,we welcome the engagement b
18、etween the DPRK and the ROK on the Bali Island yesterday.第22单元 目的句视译（例段）n【笔译】In order to encourage talks and defuse tension,China has made a lot of efforts.We support any effort that is conducive to peace and stability on the Peninsula.We support contacts and dialogue between the relevant parties,an
19、d hope that the contacts and dialogue will proceed in parallel with the Six Party Talks.In this regard,we welcome the contact between the DPRK and the ROK on the Bali Island yesterday.第22单元 目的句视译（例段）n【视译】China has made a lot of efforts to encourage talks and defuse tension.We support any effort that
20、 is conducive to peace and stability on the Peninsula.We support contacts and dialogue between the relevant parties,and hope that the contacts and dialogue will proceed in parallel with the Six Party Talks.In this regard,we welcome the engagement between the DPRK and the ROK on the Bali Island yeste
21、rday.第22单元 目的句视译（例段）n译评 与中文相比，口头英语更习惯在句子后半部，尤其是段落后半部表述行为目的。尽管汉语原文很书面化，但英语译文却是口头语言，所以段落第一句的调整是恰当的。在一些较高级别的会晤、会谈、商讨等比较正式的场合，即便是口头发言，语体也会接近书面化风格，因此笔译与视译的差异较小。但视译是一个边阅读边翻译的过程，在一个完整的小单位语意逻辑内，可以对有关逻辑成分的位置做适度调整。然而，在多个较大的语意逻辑连接时，基本按照原文内容顺序翻译会更便利。第22单元 目的句视译（例篇）n 作为上海合作组织创始成员国，中方始终高度重视并以自身的积极参与推动组织发展。十年来，中方不
22、断加大对上海合作组织政治、经济和人文等领域投入，积极完善机制建设，多次为实施多边交通、能源、通信网络项目以及应对国际金融危机提供大规模信贷支持，为成员国培训各领域专业人才、为推动成员国共同发展作出了实际贡献。中方对上海合作组织的政策是根据成员国共同利益作出的战略选择，不会因一时一事而改变。中方期待着各方在此次峰会上作出新的历史性抉择。相信在成员国共同努力下，峰会一定会取得圆满成功。n 今年6 月阿斯塔纳峰会结束后，中方将接任上海合作组织轮值主席。在此后一年中，中方将与其他成员国保持密切沟通，认真设计年度计划，周密筹备和组织重大活动，就组织框架内各领域合作积极提出设想和倡议，大力推动各方务实合作
23、不断向前发展，为组织下一个十年奠定良好开局。第22单元 目的句视译（例篇）n【视译】n As a founding member of the SCO,China has always placed high importance on and taken an active part in the development of the Organization.Over the past 10 years,China has increased its input in SCO political,economic and cultural cooperation and people-to
24、-people exchanges and worked actively to improve its institutions.It has provided several big credit supports for the implementation of multilateral transport,energy,telecommunications network projects and the efforts against the international financial crisis,and helped to train various professiona
25、ls of other SCO member states,making real contribution to the common development of all member states.Chinas policy towards the SCO is a strategic choice made in light of the shared interests of all member states and will not change because of any single event at a particular time.China expects all
26、parties to make new and historic decisions at the upcoming summit.We believe that this summit will be a full success with concerted efforts of all member states.n After the Astana Summit in June,China will take on the rotating Chairmanship of the SCO.In the following year,we will stay in close commu
27、nication with all other member states to carefully design the plan for the year and meticulously prepare for and organize major events.We will put forward ideas and initiatives on SCO cooperation in various fields and vigorously promote practical cooperation between member states.By so doing,we hope
28、 to kick off a good start for the development of the Organization in the next 10 years.n 作为上海合作组织创始成员国，中方始终高度重视并以自身的积极参与推动组织发展。十年来，中方不断加大对上海合作组织政治、经济和人文等领域投入，积极完善机制建设，As a founding member of the SCO,China has always placed high importance on and taken an active part in the development of the Organiz
29、ation.Over the past 10 years,China has increased its input in SCO political,economic and cultural cooperation and people-to-people exchanges and worked actively to improve its institutions.第22单元 目的句视译（例篇详解）第22单元 目的句视译（例篇详解）n多次为实施多边交通、能源、通信网络项目以及应对国际金融危机提供大规模信贷支持，为成员国培训各领域专业人才、为推动成员国共同发展作出了实际贡献。It ha
30、s provided several big credit supports for the implementation of multilateral transport,energy,telecommunications network projects and the efforts against the international financial crisis,and helped to train various professionals of other SCO member states,making real contribution to the common de
31、velopment of all member states.n中方对上海合作组织的政策是根据成员国共同利益作出的战略选择，不会因一时一事而改变。中方期待着各方在此次峰会上作出新的历史性抉择。Chinas policy towards the SCO is a strategic choice made in light of the shared interests of all member states and will not change because of any single event at a particular time.China expects all partie
32、s to make new and historic decisions at the upcoming summit.第22单元 目的句视译（例篇详解）n相信在成员国共同努力下，峰会一定会取得圆满成功。今年6 月阿斯塔纳峰会结束后，中方将接任上海合作组织轮值主席。在此后一年中，中方将与其他成员国保持密切沟通，认真设计年度计划，周密筹备和组织重大活动，第22单元 目的句视译（例篇详解）We believe that this summit will be a full success with concerted efforts of all member states.After the A
33、stana Summit in June,China will take on the rotating Chairmanship of the SCO.In the following year,we will stay in close communication with all other member states to carefully design the plan for the year and meticulously prepare for and organize major events.第22单元 目的句视译（例篇详解）n就组织框架内各领域合作积极提出设想和倡议，
34、大力推动各方务实合作不断向前发展，为组织下一个十年奠定良好开局。We will put forward ideas and initiatives on SCO cooperation in various fields and vigorously promote practical cooperation between member states.By so doing,we hope to kick off a good start for the development of the Organization in the next 10 years.第22单元 目的句视译（例篇）n
35、译评（1）英语里目的为行为时可以有不同的表达方式，使用名词结构表达行为的目的屡见不鲜。原文动词转换成译文名词被称为词性转换，在笔译中要做到这一点并不难。但是在视译中原文不同词性的词汇构成首先会在译员脑海里生成一种逻辑模式，词性转换意味着逻辑模式的转换。想瞬间获得应有的转换意识不是件容易的事情，是平时刻苦训练的结果。第22单元 目的句视译（例篇）n译评（2）使用现在分词形式表达目的在英语里也很常见，如译文里for the implementation结构。另外，汉语里由一个“为”表达的目的，也可以视为一种愿望，因此在英语译文里可以翻译成一句完整的句子。在视译的情况下，这种做法更可取，因为这样会缩
36、短译文句子长度，减少译文组织时间，降低译文构思难度。第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：语句）n（1）我再说一遍，省得你忘了。n（2）司马炎决定快快攻打吴国，以免留下后患。n（3）我这次应奥巴马总统的邀请访问美国，目的是增进互信，加强友谊，深化合作，推动二十一世纪积极、合作、全面的中美关系继续向前发展。n（4）我们将坚持不懈为人类和平与发展的崇高事业作出自己的努力，争取对人类作出新的更大的贡献。n（5）中国和印度都高度重视保护环境，并致力于加大环境保护力度，以减轻全球变暖的趋势。第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n(1)Let me remind you once again so t
37、hat you wont forget.n(2)Sima Yan decided to send troops to attack the Kingdom of Wu as early as possible,so as to avoid future trouble.n(3)The purpose of my visit is to increase mutual trust,enhance friendship,deepen cooperation and advance the positive,cooperative and comprehensive China-US relatio
38、nship for the 21st century.第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n(4)We will make unremitting efforts for the noble cause of peace and development of mankind and strive to make new and greater contributions to mankind.n(5)China like India attaches great importance to the protection of environment and committed to c
39、ontribute her share to mitigate the trend of the global warming.第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：语段）n（1）我们回顾历史，是为了更好地把握今天和未来。今天的世界还没有安宁太平，人类还没有远离硝烟，同时恐怖主义、气候变化、传染性疾病等全球性挑战日益突出。但历史在发展，时代在进步，要和平、谋发展、促合作成为世界各国人民的共同愿望，同舟共济、互利共赢成为国际社会的必然选择。在新形势下，我们愿与包括英国在内的世界上一切爱好和平的国家一道，为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而共同努力。第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：语段）n（2）为了
40、进行真实细致的考查，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人烟稀少的森林进行考查，发现了许多奇山秀景。第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n(1)We look back at our past to learn,to grasp our present and to shape our future.We live in a world that is far from being peaceful in many places.It still has a lot of challenging issues to deal
41、with,from terrorism,climate change to communicable diseases.But our world is moving forward.We live at a time when people all around the world are united by an aspiration towards peace and development.Cooperation for mutual benefit has become the favored choice of the international community.In this
42、 new era,China and the UK should further strengthen our partnership and work with other peace-loving countries in the pursuit of a peaceful,prosperous and harmonious world.第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n(2)In order to ensure that this reconnaissance were real and detailed,he seldom travelled by ship or by w
43、agon.He climbed over mountains and hills and travelled long distances almost entirely on foot.In order to develop a true picture of the natural world,he made it a point of undertaking his expeditions in those mountain areas where roads were difficult to travel and in those woods that were sparsely p
44、opulated.第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：语篇）n（1）多年来，中国经济对出口和政府投资依赖很大。中国和印度成功应对了国际金融危机，中国实施一揽子经济刺激计划，印度也采取迅速有力的措施应对危机，但过于依赖出口和政府投资的经济发展是不可持续的。目前，中国正努力扩大内需。统计数据表明，中国家庭消费对GDP 的贡献率仅为35%，印度家庭消费对GDP 的贡献率为57%，而美国家庭消费的贡献率为71%。中国要实现扩大内需的目标并不容易，一个问题是人们可能手上没钱，另一个问题是中国人有储蓄的第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：语篇）n习惯而不愿意消费。因此，首先要解决的问题是让人们手里有钱。中国目
45、前存在比较大的收入差距和地区差距。例如，我曾经在西藏自治区工作，那里的人均GDP 和人均净收入仅为全国水平的三分之二。尤其在农村地区，由于收入不高，农民甚至不愿意去医院接受相应的治疗，这一点中印之间有相似之处。最近，中国已经采取措施来解决这些问题。其中一个措施就是提高个人所得税薪酬起征点至3 500 元人民币，大约6 000 万工薪阶层受益。第二个要解决的问题是鼓励人们消费。一些人不愿意第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：语篇）n消费是因为他们有后顾之忧。如果不存钱，而孩子又要上学，钱就不够了；如果退休了，则害怕没有足够钱保障退休后的生活。尤其在城市里，大多数家庭只有一个孩子，如果孩子们长大、结
46、婚，一对年轻夫妇就要赡养四位老人，这是一个非常重的负担。中国正在实施和普及社会保障体系，以解决普通民众的后顾之忧，让人们可以为子女教育、医疗等生活必需开支放心消费。一旦人们有了钱并且愿意消费，扩大内需的目标就实现了。第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：语篇）n（2）我们也认识到，中国依然是世界上最大的发展中国家，中国的发展仍面临着不少困难和挑战，要使全体中国人民都过上美好生活，还需要付出长期不懈的努力。我们将坚持改革开放不动摇，牢牢把握转变经济发展方式这条主线，集中精力把自己的事情办好，不断推进社会主义现代化建设。n “亲望亲好，邻望邻好。”中国将坚持与邻为善、以邻为伴，巩固睦邻友好，深化互利合
47、作，努力使自身发展更好惠及周边国家。第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：语篇）n 我们将大力促进亚洲和世界发展繁荣。新世纪以来，中国同周边国家贸易额由1 000多亿美元增至1.3 万亿美元，已成为众多周边国家的最大贸易伙伴、最大出口市场、重要投资来源地。中国同亚洲和世界的利益融合达到前所未有的广度和深度。当前和今后一个时期，中国经济将继续保持健康发展势头，国内需求特别是消费需求将持续扩大，对外投资也将大幅增加。据测算，今后五年，中国将进口10 万亿美元左右的商品，对外投资规模将达到5 000 亿美元，出境旅游有可能超过4 亿人次。中国越发展，越能给亚洲和世界带来发展机遇。第22单元 目的句视译（
48、视译练习：语篇）n 我们将坚定维护亚洲和世界和平稳定。中国人民对战争和动荡带来的苦难有着刻骨铭心的记忆，对和平有着孜孜不倦的追求。中国将通过争取和平的国际环境发展自己，又以自身发展维护和促进世界和平。中国将继续妥善处理同有关国家的分歧和摩擦，在坚定捍卫国家主权、安全、领土完整的基础上，努力维护同周边国家关系和地区和平稳定大局。中国将在国际和地区热点问题上继续发挥建设性作用，坚持劝和促谈，为通过对话谈判妥善处理有关问题做出不懈努力。第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n(1)For years,China has heavily relied on the export as well
49、as government investment.India and China have successfully tided over the difficulties brought about by the global financial crisis.China introduced the economic stimulus package to handle the impacts of such crisis.India also has done quite well in that regard by taking prompt actions for the purpo
50、se.But relying on export and government investment is not sustainable.Right now China is trying to expand the domestic consumptions.第22单元 目的句视译（视译练习：参考答案）nAccording to statistics,the contribution by household expenditure to the GDP of China is only 35%.The contribution by the household expenditure t
