1、1NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System 飞行数据记录器和飞行数据记录器和 飞机状态监控系统飞机状态监控系统Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System2NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recorder(FDR)is a device which r
2、ecords information about the flight of the airplane.The data recorded on the Flight Data Recorder is used for accident investigations;the data may also be used for monitoring airplane systems.All transport aircraft above 5,700 kg must be fitted with a flight data recorder.The flight recorder system
3、will automatically record airplane airspeed,attitude,altitude,engine performance and other data from engine start-up to engine shut-down.Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)3NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Operation of the FDR must be fully automatic and no
4、t require pilot switching.Most importantly,pilots are not able to turn the FDR off in flight or erase data after landing,to ensure data that may be relevant to an accident or incident is protected for use by accident investigation officers.Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)4
5、NBAA 20035NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Recorder System On Model 737,757,and 767 airplanes the flight recording system consists of a Flight Data Recorder,Flight Data Acquisition Unit(FDAU),accelerometer and a control panel.Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitor
6、ing System)Figure 4.1Control panelFlightdata acquisition unitFlight data recorderAccelerometer6NBAA 20037NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Control panelFlightdata acquisition unitFlight data recorderAccelerometer The purpos
7、e of flight data recorder is to record the data passed to it by the FDAU.A flight data recorder will record twenty-five hours of data on a continuous tape.To protect the tape in the event of an accident,the recorder is housed in a sealed fire and impact resistant container.8NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation
8、Flight University of China Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Control panelFlightdata acquisition unitFlight data recorderAccelerometer The FDR is normally located in a part of the airframe that is likely to suffer least in the event of an impact.Consequently,they are normall
9、y Digital Flight Data Recorders(DFDR)are fitted to many modern transport aircraft,and have the capacity to record as many as 300 parameters,including control positions and systems performance.installed in the tail or roof of the aircraft.9NBAA 200310NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of Chin
10、a Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Control panelFlightdata acquisition unitFlight data recorderAccelerometer An under water locator beacon,which emits an ultrasonic signal when immersed in water,is attached to the front of the FDR.The beacon is turned on automatically when
11、immersed in water,to assist in locating the recorder The FDAU gathers data from the airplanes systems.Data sent from the FDAU to the FDR is recorded on magnetic tape.The data collected by the FDAU specifically for the FDR are called mandatory data because they are required by FAR 121.343.when under
12、water.11NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Control panelFlightdata acquisition unitFlight data recorderAccelerometer On Model 737,757,and 767 airplanes the FDAU acquires airplane performance data for the Airplane Condition M
13、onitoring System(ACMS).These data are for maintenance purpose.Airline personnel retrieve the ACMS data collected by the FDAU and use it to check the operation of airplane systems and engines.The e n g i n e d a t a i s p a r t i c u l a r l y u s e f u l f o r i d e n t i f y i n gengine performance
14、 trends.12NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China A triaxial accelerometer is an integral part of the flight recorder system.Accelerometer measure accelerations along the airplane lateral，Longitudinal，and vertical axes of the airplane and send them to theFlight Data Recording&Airplane Co
15、ndition Monitoring System)Control panelFlightdata acquisition unitFlight data recorderAccelerometerFDAU.13NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Cockpit controls for the FDR are limited to a warning light which illuminates in the event of FDR failure,and a test switch for use only on th
16、e ground.Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)2 23 428EVENTREPEATTRIP NUMBERDATAFLIGHT RECOEDERTESTNORMALOFFRECORDEDHOURSREMAININGFigure 4.214NBAA 200315NBAA 200316NBAA 200317NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Federal Airworthiness Regulation(FAR)121.343 requir
17、es that 17 parameters are recorded by the FDR.The seventeen parameters currently required by the FAR are:Time Altitude Airspeed Vertical acceleration Heading Time of each radio transmission to or from Air Traffic Control Pitch attitude Roll attitude Longitudinal acceleration Control column or elevat
18、or position Pitch trim position Control wheel or aileron position Rudder pedal or rudder position Thrust of each engine Position of each thrust reverser Trailing edge flap or flap handle control position Leading edge flap or flap handle control positionFlight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monito
19、ring System)18NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China The October 1991,amendment to FAR 121.343 will require that parameters in addition to the seventeen listed above are recorded.The additionally required parameters are:Ground spoiler position or speed brake selection Marker beacon pass
20、age Autopilot engagement Lateral acceleration Glideslope deviation Localizer deviation Automatic flight control system modes and engagement status Radio altitude Master warning Main gear squat switch status Angle of attack Outside air temperature Hydraulic system low pressure GroundspeedFlight Data
21、Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)19NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China FAR 124.343 goes on to recommend that additional parameters are recorded if r e c o r d i n g c a p a c i t y i s a v a i l a b l e.T h e s e p a r a m e t e r s a r e:Drift angle Wind speed and dire
22、ction Latitude and longitude Brake pressure/brake pedal position Engine parameters Engine Pressure Ratio(EPR)N1 compressor N2 compressor Exhaust Gas Temperature(EGT)Thrust lever position Fuel Flow Traffic Collision Avoidance System(TCAS)Traffic advisory Resolution advisory Sensitivity level(as selec
23、ted by the crew)Ground Proximity Warning System(GPWS)Landing gear or landing gear selector position DME 1 and DME 2 distance Navigation 1 and navigation2 radio frequency selectionFlight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)20NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Figure 4
24、.3Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Airplane Condition Monitoring SystemPrinterACARSmanagementunitVHFcommunicationstranseiverVHFantennaMultifunctioncontroldisplayunitQuickaccessrecorderFlightdatarecorderFlightdataacquisitionunit The FDAU collects ACMS data from the airplanes
25、 sensors.21NBAA 200322NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Airplane Condition Monitoring System Engines Flight controls Pneumatic System Flaps and slats Auto flight control equipment Navigation equipment Communication equipmen
26、t Air conditioning and pressurization controls Auxiliary Power Unit Warning and Caution SystemThe FDAU may be connected,for example,to:23NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Airplane Condition Monitoring System Sensor data rec
27、eived by the FDAU input circuitry is checked to ensure that it is good data.After processing,the data is sent to the output circuitry which willsend the data electronically to the flight recorder.PrinterACARSmanagementunitVHFcommunicationstranseiverVHFantennaMultifunctioncontroldisplayunitQuickacces
28、srecorderFlightdatarecorderFlightdataacquisitionunitFigure 4.324NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Figure 4.3Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Airplane Condition Monitoring SystemPrinterACARSmanagementunitVHFcommunicationstranseiverVHFantennaMultifunctioncon
29、troldisplayunitQuickaccessrecorderFlightdatarecorderFlightdataacquisitionunit ACMS data,which contains some of the same data as sent to the flight The data storage device may be a disk drive installed in the FDAU itself or a Quick Access Recorder(QAR).A QAR is a tape recorder similar to a flightreco
30、rder data,is sent to a data storage device.recorder but without the crash protection features.25NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Airplane Condition Monitoring System Some FDAUs can store the data in memory and then write t
31、he data to a storage device called an airborne data loader after the airplane has landed.Airplane maintenance personnel will periodically remove the tapes from the QAR for analysis.The tape is taken from the airplane and read by the ACMS A QAR can store much more data than can a disk drive installed
32、 in the FDAU.ground equipment.26NBAA 2003 Civil Aviation Flight University of China Flight Data Recording&Airplane Condition Monitoring System)Airplane Condition Monitoring System In some FDAUs,data from many airplane sensors is analyzed and reports are An example of this may be an engine exceedance
33、 report.Exhaust Gas Temperature(EGT)data and total air temperature data are analyzed in the FDAU.An EGT exceedance report is generated if the EGT exceeds a preset level.The reports generated by the ACMS may be printed on the flight deck or they may be sent to the airline offices over an ACARS(Aircraft Communications addressing and Reporting System)communication data link.generated.
