1、形容词和副词分析甘肃近分析甘肃近3 3年中考真题可以看出,对形容词和副词考查涉及各种题型,形容词和年中考真题可以看出,对形容词和副词考查涉及各种题型,形容词和副词在书面表达中的运用也很重要。该考点需要考生牢牢掌握常见的形容词、副词,副词在书面表达中的运用也很重要。该考点需要考生牢牢掌握常见的形容词、副词,以及相互转换和其等级的转换。掌握一定的词汇量是基础。以及相互转换和其等级的转换。掌握一定的词汇量是基础。1形容词词义辨析形容词词义辨析1.常见的形容词分类以及固定搭配常见的形容词分类以及固定搭配天气cloudy多云的;rainy下雨的;foggy多雾的;cool凉爽的;warm温暖的;snow
2、y下雪的;windy有风的情感情绪(2017省卷50题)(2017兰州55题)pleased 高兴的;worried 担心的;relaxed 放松的;happy 快乐的;nervous 紧张不安的;sad 悲伤的;glad 高兴的;angry 生气的;excited 兴奋的;surprised 惊奇的;frightened 害怕的;afraid害怕的;proud自豪的;amazed 感到惊讶的;serious严肃的外貌、性格品质tall 高的;thin瘦的;honest 诚实的;brave 勇敢的;confident 自信的;kind 友善的;funny 有趣的;clever 聪明的;frie
3、ndly友好的;outgoing 开朗的;humorous 幽默的;patient 耐心的;polite 礼貌的表示人的状态类weak 虚弱的;lazy 懒惰的;strong 强壮的;sick 生病的;active 活跃的;shy 害羞的;tired 疲劳的;hungry 饥饿的;thirsty渴 的;full 饱的;lonely 寂寞的;alone 孤独的;healthy 健康的 事物描述red 红色的;yellow 黄色的;green 绿色的;grey 灰色的;impossible 不可能的;famous 著名的词义相反类easy 容易的;difficult/hard 困难的;simila
4、r 相似的;different 不同的;rich 富有的;poor 贫穷的;old 老的;young年轻的;nice美好的;ugly丑陋的;well 健康的;sick 生病的;dangerous 危险的;safe 安全的;long长的;short 短的;fat 胖的;thin瘦固定搭配be good at 擅长be tired of 对感到厌倦be good/bad for 对有益/害be proud of 为感到自豪固定搭配be pleased with 为感到满意be famous/known for 因而出名be interested in 对感兴趣be strict with 对严格b
5、e satisfied with 对满意be surprised at 对吃惊be afraid of 害怕be disappointed in/at 对失望be angry with 生的气be friendly to 对友好be familiar to 为所熟悉be busy with 忙于be late for 迟到be sure about/of 肯定be ready for 为做好准备be different from 与不同be successful in 在方面成功固定搭配be short of 短缺be full of 充满be similar to 与相似2.形容词的辨析形容
6、词的辨析常见v.-ed和v.-ing形式形容词的辨析:-ed形容词形容词-ing形容词形容词amazed吃惊的,惊异的amazing令人惊奇的annoyed 烦恼的annoying 令人讨厌的,恼人的bored 无聊的boring 令人厌烦的surprised 感到惊讶的surprising 令人惊讶的developed 发达的developing 发展中的excited 激动的;兴奋的exciting 使人激动的,令人兴奋的interested 感兴趣的interesting 有趣的moved 感动的moving 移动的,动人的pleased 高兴的,满意的pleasing 令人愉快的rel
7、axed 松懈的,放松的relaxing 令人放松的考点小练1.In the future,robots will do jobs in place of people in order not to get us .A.bored;bored B.boring;boring C.boring;bored D.bored;boring2.The boy is really .He makes all of us laugh a lot.A.correct B.boring C.humorous D.direct3.She is a girl.Yeah,she likes reading alo
8、ne at home.A.beautiful B.strange C.noisy D.quietCCD2副词的用法与辨析副词的用法与辨析1.副词的用法(副词的用法(2016省卷省卷43题题)(1)用作状语。如:He speaks English well.他英语说得非常好。(2)用作表语。主要限于少数地点或方位副词、时间副词以及其他副词。如:Ill be back in five minutes.我五分钟后就回来了。(3)用作定语。通常情况下,副词用作定语时总是放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如:The people there are very friendly.那儿的人很友好。2.副词的分类及
9、辨析副词的分类及辨析(1)方式副词(放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前)happily快乐地luckily幸运地clearly清晰地alone独自地fast快速地quickly快速地well好地,优质地badly坏地,劣质地brightly明亮地certainly确定地hard难地early早地especially尤其loudly大声地nearly差不多,几乎noisily吵闹地politely有礼貌地really真正地safely安全地slowly缓慢地strongly强壮地,强烈地widely广阔地,广大地(2)时间副词时间副词/词组词组(一般放在句尾一般放在句尾)early早点儿,提早la
10、te晚,迟immediately立即,立刻soon很快once曾经,以前still仍然suddenly突然then然后already已经just正好,恰好yet还,已经sometimes有时at first首先at once立刻,马上at last最后as well/too/either也(3)频度副词频度副词/词组词组(放在行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及放在行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后动词之后)twice两次daily天天,常常weekly每周,每周一次every day每天every week每周every month每月always总是,经常usually通常often
11、经常,常常sometimes有时ever曾经never从来不gain and again一次又一次at times有时,间或now and then偶尔notany more/longer不再(4)程度副词程度副词(放在被修饰的形容词或副词前,情态动词之后。放在被修饰的形容词或副词前,情态动词之后。enough修饰修饰形容词或副词时须后置形容词或副词时须后置)quite相当,完全,十分rather相当,颇,有点very非常much许多a lot许多a little一点儿,一些a bit少量enough足够hardly几乎不mostly大多数nearly几乎almost差不多deeply深深地c
12、ompletely完全地(5)疑问副词疑问副词/词组词组(通常置于句首通常置于句首)when什么时候how long多久where哪儿how soon多快why为什么how often多久一次how怎样how far多远how much多少(提问不可数名词)how many多少(提问可数名词复数)(6)地点副词地点副词(一般放在句尾一般放在句尾)here这儿there那儿upstairs楼上downstairs楼下above上边behind后边everywhere每个地方anywhere任何地方(7)其他副词其他副词however然而besides此外instead相反exactly准确地pr
13、obably可能mostly大多数then然后therefore因此考点小练4.Well have to say goodbye,my dear friends!But I will forget the days we spent together.A.always B.often C.never D.usually5.Dont worry.He is to take care of little Betty.A.carefully enough B.enough carefully C.careful enough D.enough careful6.Mr.Xu,would you ple
14、ase speak a little more?Sorry!I thought you could follow me.A.quickly B.politely C.quietly D.slowly7.Shes good at English and French,and she speaks a little German,.A.either B.as well C.too D.also8.I like going mountain climbing very much.So I do it on weekends with my friends.A.seldom B.often C.nev
15、er D.hardlyCCDCB3形容词、副词的混合辨析形容词、副词的混合辨析 形容词、副词的混合辨析主要在语法与情景对话和完形填空中考查,其特点为:选项为两个单词的两种词性之间的混合辨析。有些副词有两种形式,其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加-ly,意义有区别。既可作形容词也可作副词既可作形容词也可作副词只能作副词只能作副词close靠近的(地)closely密切地high高的(地)highly高度地free免费的(地)freely自由地late晚的(地),迟的(地)lately近来deep深的(地)deeply深刻地;深入地near邻近的(地)nearly几乎;将近hard
16、努力的(地)hardly几乎不most最的(地)mostly主要地wide宽阔的(地)widely广泛地考点小练9.How is your old friend Katie?Oh,shes moved to another city,so Ive ever seen her since then.A.deep B.deeply C.hard D.hardly10.This mobile phone is the latest model,which looks and sells .A.good;well B.well;good C.good;good D.well;well11.Govern
17、ment needs to take measures to make factories stop pouring waste water into the river.A.too much B.too many C.much too D.many12.My grandparents lived ,but they didnt feel .A.alone;lonely B.lonely,lonely C.alone;alone D.lonely;aloneDAAA4形容词、副词的比较等级形容词、副词的比较等级1.形容词、副词的比较等级的构成形容词、副词的比较等级的构成(1)规则变化类别类别构
18、成方法构成方法原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词直接加-er,-est(2016省卷55题,2015省卷35题)youngtallyoungertalleryoungesttallest以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r,-stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest类别类别构成方法构成方法原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写这一辅音字母,再加-er,-estbigfathotbiggerfatterhotterbiggestfattesthottest以辅音字母加 y结尾,变y为i,再加
19、-er,-esthappyeasyhealthyhappiereasierhealthierhappiesteasiesthealthiest类别类别构成方法构成方法原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级多音节和部分双音节词有些双音节词和多音节词,比较级在词前加more,最高级在词前加mostimportantmore importantthe most importantcarefulmore carefulthe most carefulinterestingmoreinterestingthe most interesting(2)不规则变化)不规则变化 原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级goo
20、d/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级oldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.形容词、副词的比较等级的常用句型形容词、副词的比较等级的常用句型原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级等级等级结构结构例句例句修饰词修饰词原级A+as+原级+as+B表示“A与B一样”。Lucy is as old as Kate.露西和凯特的年龄一样大。very,so,too,enough,quite,rathe
21、rA+not+so/as+原级+as+B表示“A不及B那么”。This classroom is not as big as that one.这间教室不如那间大。A+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B表示“A是B的倍”。Our school is twice as large as theirs.我们的学校是他们学校的两倍大。等级等级结构结构例句例句修饰词修饰词比较级比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越”。Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。a little,a bit,a lot,much,even,still
22、,farthe+比较级,the+比较级表示“越,就越”。The harder you work,the better your grades will be.你越努力,你的成绩就会越好。A+the+比较级+of the two+表示“A是两者中较的”。He is the thinner of the two.他是这两个中较瘦的那个。等级等级结构结构例句例句修饰词修饰词比较级A+比较级+than+any other+单数名词表示“A比同一范围内的任何一个都”。Xiao Ming is taller than any other student in his class.小明比他班里任何一个学生都
23、高。最高级主语+the+最高级+(单数可数名词)+in/of短语表示“是中最的”。I jump the highest in my class.我是我们班跳得最高的。主语+one of the+最高级+复数可数名词+in/of短语表示“是中最之一”。Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。最高级最高级特殊疑问词+the+最高级,A,B or C?用于三者以上人或物的比较。Which season do you like best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪个季节,春天、夏天还是秋天?t
24、he+序数词+最高级表示“第几最”。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。考点小练13.Staying with my children is one of things these days.A.the happiest B.happier C.the happy D.happiest14.Jim studies better than Tom,but Tom is and he has more friends.A.friendly B.more friendly C.the most friendl
25、y D.most friendlyAB15.The weather is becoming .A.colder and colder B.more cold and cold C.the coldest D.more and more cold16.If there are people driving,there will be air pollution.A.less;less B.less;fewer C.fewer;fewer D.fewer;lessAD5形容词、副词的适当形式填空形容词、副词的适当形式填空甘肃近3年中考对形容词、副词的适当形式填空考查,多见于词汇考查和任务型完形填空
26、这两个题型中。1.主要有以下几种形式:形容词变副词,副词变形容词,形容词变名词等;2.考生需要分析空格处词汇在整个句子中的成分以及意义。3.形容词变副词的规则(详见考点3以-ly结尾的副词)4.常考的形容词变名词如下:difficult(困难的)-difficulty(困境)different(不同的)-difference(不同)active(活跃的)-activity(活动)happy(快乐的)-happiness(幸福)sad(伤心的)-sadness(悲哀)考点小练17.Pigeons and green stand for (peaceful).18.Its raining (hea
27、vy)outside.Youd better not go out.19.Its (easily)for us to find information,thanks to the Internet.peaceheavilyeasy情态动词1情态动词的基本用法情态动词的基本用法 分析近3年甘肃中考真题可以看出,情态动词主要在语法与情景对话和完形填空中考查;其基本用法和表推测的用法轮流考查,都有涉及。判断二者的方法,就是分析在句子中的意义:1.表示“能”“应该”“不能”“必须”等这些是基本用法;2.表示“一定”“可能”“也许”等这些是表示推测。1.常见情态动词用法归纳常见情态动词用法归纳情态动词情
28、态动词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句can(2016省卷53题)表示能力,意为“能,会”。Lily can play the piano very well.莉莉钢琴弹得很好。表示请求、允许,意为“可以”,多用于口语中。Can I borrow your bike?我能借你的自行车吗?情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句couldcan的过去式,意为“能,会”,表示过去的能力。Lang Lang could play the piano well when he was young.郎朗小的时候钢琴就弹得很好。在疑问句中表示委婉的请求。Could I have a cup of tea?
29、我可以要一杯茶吗?must意为“必须”,多表示主观意愿。You must finish your homework first!首先,你必须完成你的家庭作业!should意为“应该”,表示责任和义务,也可以表示劝告或建议。We should keep the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。have to意为“不得不”,多表示客观需要。The children have to get up early to catch the first bus.孩子们为了赶第一趟公共汽车不得不早起。need(nt)意为“需要(不必)”,多用于否定句和疑问句中。You neednt say sorr
30、y to me.你不需要对我说对不起。had better(not)表示建议,意为“最好(不要)”。Youd better stay at home.你最好待在家里。may表示请求、许可,意为“可以”。You may sit here if you want.如果你想的话,你可以坐在这儿。表示祝福和愿望。May you be happy!祝您幸福!mightmay的过去式,意为“可以”。He asked if he might go home.他问他是否可以回家了。表示请求、许可,语气比may更委婉。Might I smoke here?我可以在这里吸烟吗?拓展:拓展:(1)由must引导的一
31、般疑问句,肯定回答常用must/have to;否定回答常用neednt或dont/doesnt have to,不能用mustnt回答,mustnt意为“严禁,禁止”。如:Must I go with them?我必须跟他们走吗?Yes,you must./No,you neednt/dont have to.是的,你必须。/不,你不必。(2)由may引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may;否定回答用cant/mustnt。如:May I smoke here?我可以在这儿吸烟吗?Yes,you may./No,you cant/mustnt.是的,你可以。/不,你不能。(3)could,sho
32、uld,would,might等有时不表示过去,而是表示委婉的语气。如:Would you tell me the way to the park?你能告诉我去公园的路吗?2.易混情态动词的辨析易混情态动词的辨析can/could与与be able to的区别的区别情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句can/could只用于一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could)。Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year,but now he can.吉姆去年不会说汉语,但现在他会了。be able to可用于多种时态。We will be able to come
33、 back next week.我们下周能回来。must与与have/has to的区别的区别情态动词情态动词 用法用法例句例句must表示主观意愿,意为“必须”。We must study hard at school.在学校我们必须努力学习。情态动词情态动词 用法用法例句例句have/has to用于强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”。Well have to ask Mr.Zhang.我们必须问问张老师。cant与与mustnt的区别的区别情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句cant意为“不可能”,表示否定推测。The man over there cant be Jim.He
34、has gone abroad.那边那个人不可能是吉姆。他出国了。mustnt意为“禁止,不允许”,不能用来表示推测。You mustnt play soccer on the street.你不准在街道上踢足球。考点小练1.you tell me the differences between these two photos?No.They look quite similar,nearly the same.A.Can B.May C.Must D.Should2.Must I be home before eight oclock?No,you .A.mustnt B.cant C.n
35、eednt D.have to3.Please dont make so much noise.I hear the speaker very well.A.neednt B.mustnt C.cant D.shouldnt4.You take me to the station.My brother will take me there.A.cant B.mustnt C.shouldnt D.dont have toACCD5.Look!The traffic lights have turned red.We stop our car.A.can B.cant C.must D.must
36、nt6.I think students keep on doing eye exercises to protect their eyes.A.should B.might C.shall D.couldCA2情态动词表推测情态动词表推测1.情态动词表肯定推测情态动词表肯定推测情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法must意为“一定,肯定”。用于肯定句中,表示非常有把握的推测。may意为“有可能,也许”。用于肯定句,表示把握不大的推测。might/could(2016省卷,25题)意为“或许”。表推测,语气较弱,可能性很小。注意:注意:这几个词按照推测的可能性由大到小为:mustmaymigh
37、t/could。如:They must be very tired after a long walk.走了这么长的路,他们一定很累了。The French book may be Alices.She studies French.这本法语书可能是爱丽斯的。她学法语。She might be in the library.She likes reading books in the afternoon.她可能在图书馆。她喜欢在下午的时候看书。2.情态动词表否定推测情态动词表否定推测情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法cant(2017省卷25题)表示否定推测,语气强烈,意为“一定不,不可能”
38、,可能性几乎为零。may not表示否定推测,语气不确定,意为“可能不”。如:Miss Gao cant be in the classroom.I just saw her in the supermarket.高老师不可能在教室,我刚刚在超市看见她了。It may not be her pen.这可能不是她的钢笔。考点小练7.When you are travelling,bring a map because it help you.A.cant B.mustnt C.used to D.may8.This pair of glasses be Tonys.Hes the only on
39、e who wears glasses in our class.A.must B.might C.cant D.have to9.My schoolbag still be in the music hall because I attended a concert yesterday.A.cant B.need C.might D.must10.Tom,dont drive too fast.You hit others cars.A.need B.may C.must D.shouldDACB11.Please call before you come,otherwise we be home.A.shouldnt B.may not C.couldnt D.neednt12.Theres an important football match today.I miss it.A.may B.cant C.must D.neednt13.Jenny finally got the job because she speak English fluently.A.might B.must C.could D.shouldBBC