1、1Lesson five：task two开头段开头段&审题审题Morning221 开头段写法开头段写法 contents审题审题3 大作文类型大作文类型观点讨论类观点讨论类 agree or disagree positive or negative advantage outweigh disadvantage Discuss bothgive your own opinion.问题解决类问题解决类 why happened?How to solve the problem?4Task 2 Introduction(argumentation)5Task 2 introduction6i
2、ntroduction The best way to solve the worlds environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel.To what extent do you agree or disagree?7 背景：背景：The issue of the impact of global environmental problems has heated up in recent years.焦点：焦点：There is a perception that higher prices at the pump are a
3、 small sacrifice for a program that helps the environment,while a counter-argument is that it provides no benefits.个人观点：个人观点：My personal view is that higher price is no benefits to solve the problem.introduction8In modern society,an increasing number of children suffer from obesity.Some people think
4、 parents are main reasons for this,while others think there are other causes leading to this.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.题题 目目 A题题 目目 BThe obesity rate of children is growing nowadays.Some people believe it is mainly due to parents inappropriate way of raising them.Do you agree or d
5、isagree?introduction9 背景：背景：近年来儿童体重剧增这个问题日益热化。近年来儿童体重剧增这个问题日益热化。The issue of the rocketing average weight of children has heated up in recent years.开头段练习开头段练习10 焦点：焦点：有观点认为家长应为他们错误的养育方式有观点认为家长应为他们错误的养育方式负责，而持相反观点负责，而持相反观点 人认为是现代生活方式是人认为是现代生活方式是导致恼人局面的根本原因。导致恼人局面的根本原因。There is a perception that paren
6、ts are responsible for this severe problem due to their imappropriate way of fostering,while a counter-argument is that the modern life styles are the foundamental reason of this disturbing situation.开头段练习开头段练习11 个人观点：我个人认为家庭个人观点：我个人认为家庭 社会都无法免责。社会都无法免责。My personal view is that both the households a
7、nd the society cannot avoid the obligation.开头段练习开头段练习12背景句背景句 事实陈述开头法：事实陈述开头法：（普遍性）（普遍性）It is quite common for sb.to do sth.（纠结性）（纠结性）It is always interesting to find that individuals take different views towards（表关注）（表关注）In recent years,much more attention than ever before has been paid to/have bec
8、ome a controversial issue 定义法（需要加个原因）：定义法（需要加个原因）：The importance of to.is a matter for debate.The influence of is a subject matter.To introduce the topic in generalS 113 观点陈述型：观点陈述型：There is a perception that,while a counter-argument is that One topic of discussion is concerned with whether it is ne
9、cessary to 转折让步型：转折让步型：However,some people believe this is and should be as much as possible.S 2Let readers know what topic is under debate/discussed焦点句焦点句14 Personally,My personal view is that From my point of view,is of benefits/its benefits are far more over its downsides/its benefits cannot just
10、ify its harmful effects.（上句是反方观点）However,in my view（自己观点）S 3Your personal view on the issue观点句观点句15 开头段常用语言开头段常用语言 在当代：在当代：In the present age/in this day and age/in the present-day society/in contemporary society/at present/in current society/in the contemporary world 众所周知：众所周知：It is generally(widel
11、y/commonly/extensively/universally)believed that 越来越重要：越来越重要：play a/an role in perform an function in Adj.Important significant critical crucial essential fundamental pivotal vital N:be of importance/significance 16 开头段常用语言开头段常用语言 以惊人的速度向前发展以惊人的速度向前发展 ：is advancing at an amazing(staggering/astonishi
12、ng/accelerated)speed 越来越流行：越来越流行：is increasingly prevalent/popular in the contemporary world 问题越来越严重：问题越来越严重：The problem of is becoming increasingly severe(grave/serious/worrying/disturbing/worrisome)17Women and men are commonly seen as having different strengths and weaknesses.Is it right to exclud
13、e males or females from certain professions because of their gender?开头段练习开头段练习18 开头段练习开头段练习 事实开头法：事实开头法：一个普遍的事实是一个普遍的事实是（普遍性）（普遍性）It is quite common that It is quite common that women and men normally have greater freedom of choice in terms of employment.令人困惑的是（纠结性）（纠结性）It is always confusing to fin
14、d that It is always confusing to find that women still earn less and enjoy fewer promotions than men in spite of the fact that gender equality has even been highly demanded by the public.越来越多的人关注 （表关注）（表关注）In recent years,much more attention than ever before has In recent years,much more attention t
15、han ever before has been paid tobeen paid to gender equality since womens social status has been increasingly promoted.19 There have always been differences in the types of men and women have done.However,the trend in modern times has been for both men and women to have greater freedom of choice in
16、terms of employment.Some people might say that there is no need to go further.However,in my view,wherever possible,gender equality should be encouraged.开头段练习开头段练习20Protecting the environment现阶段没有人会否定保护环境的重要性，但关现阶段没有人会否定保护环境的重要性，但关于如何完成人们却没有达成一致。于如何完成人们却没有达成一致。These days,no one would deny the importa
17、nce of protecting the environment.But there is no consensus on how to achieve this end.introduction练习练习21Funding education背景：前十年以来高等教育的资金一直是整个国背景：前十年以来高等教育的资金一直是整个国家最焦点的讨论及争论话题。家最焦点的讨论及争论话题。In the last decade,the funding of higher education has become one of the most vital focuses of discussion and
18、disputes across the whole country.观点：关于谁应为快速增长的高学费负责，人们观点：关于谁应为快速增长的高学费负责，人们观点各有不同。观点各有不同。Opinions are deeply divided as to who are responsible for paying the increasingly high fees.introduction练习练习22Restriction on air travel；飞机成为越来越多人的运输首选。飞机成为越来越多人的运输首选。Airplanes are becoming the first choice of t
19、ransportation by a growing/increasing number of people.反对者认为空航应该被限制因为它产生的大量污染和消耗反对者认为空航应该被限制因为它产生的大量污染和消耗大量燃料。大量燃料。Some protesters claim that air travel should be restricted because of its massive pollution and much fuel consuming.我很难赞同他们。我很难赞同他们。I find it extremely difficult to side with them.intro
20、duction练习练习23审题审题构思构思 检查检查写作写作写作写作构思构思 审题审题资源图示检查检查找找topic word 观点句观点句修订错误句型修订错误句型 起承转合起承转合24 审题审题观点讨论类观点讨论类 agree or disagree positive or negative advantage outweigh disadvantage Discuss bothgive your own opinion.问题解决类问题解决类 why happened?How to solve the problem?25 In spite of the many advances wome
21、n have made in education and employment,they continue to be at a disadvantage when it comes to pay and promotion.In your view,what should be done to promote equality of opportunity for men and women in the workplace?审题审题2627One possible approachA more feasible approachTo further encourage equality,G
22、ender equality would be for government to force employers to promote the same numbers of men and women and to pay them the same salaries.would be for government themselves to take the lead by ensuring that their male and female employees earn the same for equivalent work and that women are promoted
23、panies could be required to publish figures on the rank and average earnings of men and women in their workforce.28Women and men are commonly seen as having different strengths and weaknesses.Is it right to exclude males or females from certain professions because of their gender?审题审题29There may ind
24、eed be good arguments for allowing posts to remain predominantly male or female.However,in the vast majority of situations,making occupations more open to both genders has distinct advantages.The changes that result from allowing men into female-dominated occupations and vice versa may be subtle,but
25、 they are far-reaching.However,to benefit the most from this development,it is important not to expect males and females to approach work in identical ways.审题审题30 Development in technology causes environmental problems.Some people believe the solution to these problems is that everyone accepts a sim
26、pler way of life while others think that technology can solve these problems.Discuss both view and give your own opinion.现象现象观点+问题问题观点观点 审题审题3132It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents,for instance for sport or music,and others are not.However,it is sometimes claim th
27、at any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.审题审题33 Childcare is an important task for nations.It is suggested that all mothers and fathers should be required to take the childcare training courses?To what extent do you agre
28、e or disagree with the statement?(2013.1.19)审题审题34Instructions of BABY35Why childcare training courses?审题审题表现诡异，令人抓狂？表现诡异，令人抓狂？behave in ways that can be confusing and even upsetting了解婴幼儿什么样的行为是有挑了解婴幼儿什么样的行为是有挑战性的战性的learn what challenging infant and toddler behavior looks like阻止并正确回应这些挑战行为阻止并正确回应这些挑
29、战行为prevent and respond to challenging behavior36 审题审题Infant and toddler care training-Infants and toddlers sometimes behave in ways that can be confusing and even upsetting for the adults in their lives.In those courses parents will learn what challenging infant and toddler behavior looks like and w
30、hy it happens,and ways they can work together with their childrens caregivers to prevent and respond to challenging behavior.37It is true thatsuch class can teach parents how to better take care of their children systematicallyAnother reason I would like to mention is that,since these organizations
31、have professional experts providing particular nursing trainings and knowledge for them,like baby feeding,baby bathing and so on.it seems impossible to require all parents to undergo a period of parenting class.the information explosion has provided us an alternative to acquire knowledge from variou
32、s channels.However,the question is that 审题审题38 个人个人家庭家庭集体集体社会社会世界世界 审题思路审题思路39governments dutycultural globalizationtraditional cultureendangered languagesHow to reduce crime,rehabilitate criminalsTask two Task two 难点话题难点话题40审题审题+头脑风头脑风暴暴观点句选择观点句选择观点句排列观点句排列审题：审题：迅速找迅速找核心词核心词列观点：列观点：分正分正反面列观点反面列观点举例
33、子：举例子：每个每个观点句后尽量观点句后尽量列例子列例子观点较多的话，观点较多的话，选择最有说服选择最有说服力，最容易写力，最容易写的的意见讨论类意见讨论类：根据两方观点根据两方观点多少，决定文多少，决定文章比例；章比例；问题解决类问题解决类 逻辑比例排逻辑比例排 序序小结小结41观点讨论类写作框架观点讨论类写作框架 介绍段（2-3 sentences)主体段1（支持/反对）主体段2（继续支持/反对）主体段3（让步反对/支持）结论段（总结观点）介绍段（介绍段（2-3 sentences)主体段主体段1（支持（支持/反对）反对）主体段主体段2（反对（反对/支持）支持）结论段（总结个人观点）结论段（总结个人观点）五段式五段式四段式四段式VS42I persist until I succeed!
