1、American IndiansThe Bering StraitChristopher Columbus-discovered America in 1492The United States of AmericaEarly America First British settlement at Jamestown,Virginia(Chesapeake Bay)in 1607 In 1620,a group of Puritans set out for Virginia on board the Mayflower somehow reached Plymouth harbor(Mass
2、achusetts Bay)After 1680,England ceased to be the chief source of immigration,as great numbers came from Germany,Ireland,Scotland,Switzerland,and France for varied reasonsJamestownJamestown SettlementMayflowerReasons for Immigration(1607-1830)Political Freedom Religious Tolerance Economic Opportunit
3、y-People want a better life-better job-more money Political Refugees fear for their lives Some want free atmosphere Forced Immigration(Slavery)Family Reunification There are two types of motivation for immigration Push(need to leave in order to survive)Pull(attracted to new way of life).13 Colonies
4、Definition:The English colonies founded along the Atlantic coast of AmericaVirginia 1607New York 1626Massachusetts 1630Maryland 1633Connecticut 1636Rhode Island 1636Delaware 1638New Hampshire 1638North Carolina 1653South Carolina 1663New Jersey 1664Pennsylvania 1682Georgia 1732GeorgiaS.CN.C.Virginia
5、DPenn.N.J.N.Y.Mass.N.H.CRMThe road to Independence The Royal Proclamation of 1763 Molasses Act of 1733the Sugar Act of 1764The Currency Act of 1764 the Quartering Act of 1765The Stamp Act of 1765the Declaratory Act of 1766.This act asserted the authority of Parliament to make laws binding the coloni
6、es in all cases whatsoever.The Townshend Acts of 1767(-1770)Boston Tea Party(1773)the Coercive or Intolerable Acts The American Revolution 1775-1783the Treaty of ParisWestward Expansion and Sectional Conflicts the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 Missouri Compromise of 1820 The Nullification Crisis in 183
7、2 Texan independence(1836)War with Mexico in 1846 the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago in which Mexico ceded the Southwest region and California for$15 million.The Compromise of 1850 the Kansas-Nebraska Act bleeding Kansas.Abraham Lincoln elected as president in 1860 11 Southern states seceded in 1861 Ci
8、vil War 1861-1865Growth and Transformation Industrial Revolution Corporation Revolution in Agriculture Population Growth Growing Cities Transportation DevelopmentWar,Prosperity and Depression World War I(1914-1918)The Booming 1920s The Great Depression The New Deal and World War IIPostwar America Co
9、ld War Cold War at home(McCarthy Era)The Civil Rights Movement(origin)Decades of Change The Vietnam War Dtente The Civil Rights Movement US-Soviet Relation End of Cold WarImmigration Per Decade Peaks/waves of immigration The century following 1820 can be divided into 3 great periods of immigration,o
10、r waves.These three have immigrants coming from primarily three different regions.(there is more detail below):1820-1860,Great Britain,Ireland,and Western Germany.1860-1890,The above countries continued to provide,as well as Scandinavian Nations.1890-1910,The majority was Austria,Hungary,Italy,and R
11、ussia,up until World War 1.From 1905 until 1914,an average of more than a million aliens yearly entered the U.S.With the outbreak of World War 1,the number declined sharply.In 1921 the number again rose,but only for a short time until changing conditions in Europe as well as new U.S.Laws governing I
12、mmigration were established.1607-1830 The slaves trade thrived through the 18th century.Africa thus made a substantial addition to the American population.There were about 500,000 African Americans here by the time of the American Revolution.The great majority were slaves.The unique quality of this
13、migration had planted the seeds of difficulty that would permanently mark the nation1830-1890 In the decade preceding the election of Lincoln,2,598,214 immigrants came to U.S.mainly from Great Britain,Ireland,and Germany with few from Norway,Sweden,and the Netherlands After the panic of 1857 and out
14、 break of the Civil War,immigration declined,but after collapse of Confederacy,immigration assumed a huge volume again Not until the 1840s did wave after wave of immigration was deposited on American shores from practically every country of Europe This is where Irish immigration began its wave,espec
15、ially after the potato crop failure This Era of Mass Immigration was initially from northern and western Europe The 1830s was a surge of German immigrants In 1848,with the discovery of Gold,there was a spur of Chinese and Latin American immigrants to the west coast In the 1870s large number of Scand
16、inavians,Chinese,and Canadians immigrated to the U.S.1840s and 1850s-1.5 million immigrants 1840s-1880s(Germans)-4 million immigrants Total number of immigrants in this wave is about 7.5 million 1890-1924 Chinese immigration was stopped in 1892&1902 In 1907 Japanese immigration was limited 1968-Pres
17、ent Cuban immigration picked up sharply during the 1950s as a result of increasing political turmoil in Cuba Many of the first Cubans to flee Castros dictatorship in the early 1960s were from wealthy families and were well educated The U.S.,granted asylum to these people and offered federal help to
18、qualified applicants in finding homes and in making job contacts Most later Cuban immigrants were relatives of the first group or were poor people looking for work A major influx of Cuban immigrants was the arrival in 1980 of the Marielitos The Marielitos were about 125,000 people that the Cuban gov
19、ernment wanted out of Cuba They included many unskilled workers,criminals,and mentally ill people These people were put aboard boats at the Cuban port of Mariel,and sent to Miami The U.S.government allowed these people to enter,not knowing that some of them were criminals Some were placed in U.S.pri
20、sons Many of them were rehabilitated and released Few were returned to Cuba 1830-1890 Nationality Primarily Irish and British immigrated to America during this time period.Circumstances Irish:The Irish immigrated to America for several reasons,one of which was the potato famine that killed over a mi
21、llion.Along with this,they resented the British rule of their country,and the British landlords.This included the British Protestantism and British taxes.With this there was the onset of prolonged depression and social hardship.Ireland was so ravaged by economic collapse,that in rural areas,the aver
22、age age of death was 19.By the 1830s Irish immigration was growing quickly,and in 1945 with the potato famine,the number of immigrants sky rocketed.British:The reasons the British came to America are not nearly as detailed as the reasons for the Irish coming here.The British came to simply look for
23、better opportunities of work.Reasons for Immigration 1890-1924 Germans came after the 1848 revolution Jews came for religious freedom Italians and Asians came for Work Russians came to escape persecution America had jobs America had religious freedom America was hyped up in many countries as Land of
24、 Opportunity Indian ReservationUS population by racePopulation ChartPopulation(1)Population275,562,673(July2000est.)Age structure0-14 years:21.25%(male29,956,875;female28,597,880)15-64 years:66.11%(male90,345,154;female91,827,471)65 years and over:12.64%(male14,472,865;female20,362,428)(2000est.)Pop
25、ulation growth rate0.91%(2000est.)Population(2)Birth rate14.2births/1,000population(2000est.)Death rate8.7deaths/1,000population(2000est.)Net migration rate3.5migrant(s)/1,000population(2000est.)Sex ratioat birth:1.05male(s)/femaleunder 15 years:1.05male(s)/female15-64 years:0.98male(s)/female65 yea
26、rs and over:0.71male(s)/femaletotal population:0.96male(s)/female(2000est.)Population(3)Infant mortality rate6.82deaths/1,000livebirths(2000est.)Life expectancy at birthtotal population:77.12yearsmale:74.24yearsfemale:79.9years(2000est.)Population(4)Ethnic groupswhite83.5%,black12.4%,Asian3.3%,Ameri
27、ndian0.8%(1992)note:aseparatelistingforHispanicisnotincludedbecausetheUSCensusBureauconsidersHispanictomeanapersonofLatinAmericandescent(especiallyofCuban,Mexican,orPuertoRicanorigin)livingintheUSwhomaybeofanyraceorethnicgroup(white,black,Asian,etc.)Population(5)ReligionsProtestant56%,RomanCatholic28%,Jewish2%,other4%,none10%(1989)LanguagesEnglish,Spanish(spokenbyasizableminority)Literacydefinition:age15andovercanreadandwritetotal population:97%male:97%female:97%(1979est.)177517901800181018201830
