1、现在完成时现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tense一 构成:havehave/hashas+动词动词过去分词过去分词 (pp)(pp)肯定 主语+have/has+pp否定 主语+have/has not+pp疑问 Have/Has+主语+pp+其他 Yes,主+have/has.No,主+havent/hasnt.I have finished my homework.I have not finished my homework.Have you finished your homework?Yes,I have./No,I havent.She has been t
2、o Europe.She hasnt been to Europe.Has she been to Europe?Yes,she has./No,she hasnt.1.规则动词：与过去时变化相同。(1)一般+-ed work-worked-worked(2)以“e”结尾,+-d。live-lived-lived(3)“辅音字母+y”结尾，y 变 i,+-ed。cry-cried-cried(4)重读闭音节结尾(辅元辅)，双写后+-ed。drop-dropped-dropped 2、不规则动词，见不规则表（p120）动词动词过去分词过去分词 (pp)(pp)变化规则变化规则二 含义及用法1 表
3、示过去发生的动作或事情，过去发生的动作或事情，对现在的影响影响和产生的结果结果。yet(yet(否否/疑疑),already ),already 已经已经ever/never ever/never 曾经曾经/从来不从来不 just just 刚刚刚刚before before 以前以前recently,lately recently,lately 最近最近in the past/last 5 years in the past/last 5 years 过去五年过去五年by now,so far,up to now,till now by now,so far,up to now,till n
4、ow 迄今迄今 once,twiceonce,twice 一次一次all/in ones life all/in ones life 某人一生某人一生 （1 1）alreadyalready肯定句肯定句:“己经己经”一般疑问句一般疑问句:句末句末(表示惊讶的语气表示惊讶的语气)“)“难道难道”Have you had breakfast already？(表示强调)Ive already had breakfast.(更常见)=I v e h a d b r e a k f a s t already.注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.
5、Eg.Shes already eighty years old.It was already very late.(2)(2)yetyet否定句否定句:句末句末“还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句:句末句末“己经己经”Have you had breakfast yet?I havent had breakfast yet.注意：注意：当在肯定句中含当在肯定句中含alreadyalready或或justjust，变否定时，在句末加，变否定时，在句末加yetyet。I havent seen the film I havent seen the film yet.yet.Mother has Moth
6、er has justjust cleaned the house.cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house Mother hasnt cleaned the house yetyet.I have I have alreadyalready seen the seen the film.film.(3)(3)everever肯定句肯定句/疑问句疑问句 :句中句中“曾经曾经”Ive ever been to Beijing.Have you ever been to Beijing?(4)(4)nevernever否定句否定句:句中句中“
7、从来没有从来没有”Ive Ive nevernever been to been to Beijing.Beijing.注注:带带everever的肯定句变否定句时的肯定句变否定句时,将将everever变变neverneverHe has He has everever made meal.made meal.Have they ever travelled by Have they ever travelled by train?train?No,never.No,never.He has He has nevernever made meal.made meal.带ever的一般疑问句作
8、否定回答时可用“No,never.”(5)(5)justjust用于用于句中句中,表示表示“刚刚刚刚”Ive Ive justjust had breakfast.had breakfast.What have they What have they justjust done?done?(6)(6)beforebefore用于用于句末句末,表示表示“以前以前”Ive seen it Ive seen it beforebefore.Has she ridden a bike Has she ridden a bike beforebefore?beforebefore与与agoago，jus
9、tjust与与just just nownowbeforebefore表示现在看来的表示现在看来的“以前以前”，常，常单独用于现在完成时中，单独用于现在完成时中，一般不与表示一般不与表示一段时间的词语连用一段时间的词语连用，而，而agoago表示在过去表示在过去某时间的某时间的“以前以前”，常用，常用“一段时间一段时间+ago+ago”的形式，与过去时连用；的形式，与过去时连用；justjust常常与现在完成时连用，多用于句中与现在完成时连用，多用于句中助动词助动词之后之后修饰谓语动词，修饰谓语动词，just nowjust now多与一般多与一般过去时连用，一般用于过去时连用，一般用于句末句
10、末。如：。如：Have you met him before?Have you met him before?你以前见过他吗？你以前见过他吗？My brother met her in the street My brother met her in the street two days ago.two days ago.我哥哥两天前在街上遇到了她。我哥哥两天前在街上遇到了她。I have just had breakfast.I have just had breakfast.我刚吃过早餐。我刚吃过早餐。She had breakfast just now.She had breakfas
11、t just now.她刚吃了早餐。她刚吃了早餐。A:_ your brother _ a new watch?(buy)B:Not yet.Has bought yet yet A:_ you ever _ to the park?(be)B:Yes,I have.Have been yet yet ever ever I _ never _ of anything like that.(hear)have heard yet yet ever ever never never Tom _ in the factory since he left school ten years ago.(
12、work)has worked yet yet ever ever never never since since A:How long _ you _ in this school?(teach)B:For 6 years.have taught yet yet ever ever never never since since for for I _ just _ the desk,you can take it to your classroom.(mend)have mended yet yet ever ever never never since since for for jus
13、t just _ you _ the Forbidden City(紫禁城)before?(visit)Have visited yet yet ever ever never never since since for for just just before before He _ already _ a job.(find)has found yet yet ever ever never never since since for for just just before before already already We _ only _ the first five questio
14、ns so far.(discuss)have discussed yet yet ever ever never never since since for for just just before before already already so far so far They _over 20,000 fruit trees up to now.(plant)have planted yet yet ever ever never never since since for for just just before before already already so far so fa
15、r up to now up to now Great changes _ in Beijing in the past 10 years.(take place)have taken place yet yet ever ever never never since since for for just just before before already already so far so far up to now up to now in the past 10 years in the past 10 years He _ a lot of good things in his li
16、fe.(do)has done yet yet ever ever never never since since for for just just before before already already so far so far up to now up to now in the past 10 years in the past 10 years in his life in his life I _ her lately.(not see)havent seen yet yet ever ever never never since since for for just jus
17、t before before already already so far so far up to now up to now in the past 10 years in the past 10 years in his life in his life lately lately I _ him recently.(not hear from)havent heard from yet yet ever ever never never since since for for just just before before already already so far so far
18、up to now up to now in the past 10 years in the past 10 years in his life in his life lately lately recently recently He _ in this city ever since then.(live)has lived yet yet ever ever never never since since for for just just before before already already so far so far up to now up to now in the p
19、ast 10 years in the past 10 years in his life in his life lately lately recently recently ever since then ever since then He _ in this high school till now.(teach)has taught yet yet ever ever never never since since for for just just before before already already so far so far up to now up to now in
20、 the past 10 years in the past 10 years in his life in his life lately lately recently recently ever since then ever since then till nowtill now2.2.表示一个从过去开始，一直持表示一个从过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。续到现在的动作或状态。通常和通常和forfor或或sincesince引导的时间状引导的时间状语连用。语连用。注意：动词延续性注意：动词延续性THANK YOUSUCCESS2022-11-22可编辑（1）forfor +I ha
21、ve been here for 5 weeks.Hes studied English for 3 years.She has worked for 10 hours.一段时间一段时间（2 2）sincesince +(过去的)时间点时间点I have been here since 2000.He has worked as a lawyer since 5 years ago?Theyve lived in CQ since they married in 2000.注1)：since 也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加强语气。I have been
22、here(ever)since then.注2)：对for或since引导的时间状语提问用how longI have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?注3)：短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用，也不能用于how long问句中。（误）I have leftleft for 5 years.(正)I have been awaybeen away for 5 years.短暂性
23、动词与延续动词间的转换短暂性短暂性(短动词短动词)动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是但是他可以转换成相应的他可以转换成相应的延续性延续性(长动词长动词)动词动词.leave-leave-come/go(to)-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-get(to)-reach-reach-buy-buy-borrow-borrow-finish-finish-join-join-start/begin-start/begin-die-die-close-close-open-open-retur
24、n-return-marry-marry-become-become-be away(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married beShe has bought the computer for two years.hadhadbuyhave/has hadHow long have you come to the United States？been inbeen income tohave/has bee
25、n inbuyhave/has hadAnn has gone to China since three months ago.been inbeen income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inI have got to Paris for one week.been inbeen income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been inMy brother has joined the army for
26、five years.been inbeen inbeen a soldier been a soldier come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier I have left Shanghai for 3 days.been away for 3 days.been away for 3 e tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has b
27、een ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago.kept kept come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has bee
28、n away borrow have/has kept The film has begun for 10 minutes.been on been on come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on The concert has finished fo
29、r half an hour.been over been over come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over His dog has died for two years.been dead bee
30、n dead come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over die have/has been dead She has married for six years.been married been m
31、arried come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over die have/has been dead marry have/has been married eg.a.He has borrowed
32、my English book for two days.(False)b.He has kept my English book for two days.(true)a.I have bought the new dress since last month.(false)b.I have had the new dress since last month.(true)a.They have left for half an hour.You should come earlier.(false)b.They have been away for half an hour.You sho
33、uld come earlier.(true)a.How long has the film begin?(false)b.How long has the film been on?(true)a.He is an unlucky boy.His mother has died for several years.(false)b.He is an unlucky boy.His mother has been dead for several years.(true)a.He has joined the League since he came to the school.(false)
34、b.He has been a league member since he came to the school.(true)注：注：非延续性动词用于现在完成时,表示动作已经完成，它不能跟段时间。但它的否定式否定式可以跟段时间状语连用.Tom has left Beijing.He has borrowed a pen from me.Tom hasnt left Beijing since he came to this city in 2004.They havent bought any new house since they moved to Shanghai.She hasnt
35、bought any new clothes for a year.三have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；(去了未回来去了未回来)have/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语；(去了已回来去了已回来)have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留了一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。(状态状态)()(曾经在，现在还在那里曾经在，现在还在那里)Tom 在哪儿？他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack 去过上海两次了-Where is Tom?-Where is Tom?-He has gone
36、 to the bookshop to buy-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.some books.I have been in Beijing for 5 I have been in Beijing for 5 years.years.Jack has been to Shanghai twice.Jack has been to Shanghai twice.四四 特殊句型特殊句型1.1.It is/has been+It is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since+since+句句子子(一般过去时一般过去时)=一段
37、时间一段时间+has passed+has passed+since+since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时)e.g.It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.这本书我借了一个月了。I borrowed this book a month ago.I borrowed this book a month ago.(一般过去时一般过去时)It is/has been a month since I It is/has been a month since I
38、borrowed the book.borrowed the book.(句型句型1 its/been+1 its/been+时间时间 since+since+一般过一般过去去)I have kept the book for a month.I have kept the book for a month./since a month ago./since a month ago.(现在完成时现在完成时)A month has passed since I borrowed A month has passed since I borrowed the book.the book.(句型句型
39、2 2 时间时间+passed since+passed since+一般过去一般过去时时)2.2.被形容词最高级所修饰的名词被形容词最高级所修饰的名词后的定语从句后的定语从句(that(that 引导引导)中，一中，一般用现在完成时态。般用现在完成时态。This is the most delicious food(that)Ive ever eaten.这是我所吃过的最美味的食物。She is the most beautiful girl(that)Ive ever seen.她是我见过的最美丽的姑娘 3.3.It is the first/second timeIt is the fi
40、rst/second time+现在完成时现在完成时This is+theThis is+the最高级最高级+名词名词+that+that+现在完成时现在完成时This is the first time(that)Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。It is the first time that I have seen such a beautiful girlIt was the third time that the boy has been late.This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。典
41、型例题(1)-Do you know our town at all?-No,this is the first time I _ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming (2)-Have you _ been to our town before?-No,its the first time I _ here.A.even,come B.even,have come C.ever,come D.ever,have comeCorrectingCorrecting 1.I have borrowed the book for 3 months.1.I
42、 have borrowed the book for 3 months.2.My bother has joined the army since he was 2.My bother has joined the army since he was 18.18.3.Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.3.Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.4.The film has been on since I have come to 4.The film has been on since I have
43、 come to the cinema.the cinema.5.When has Mr.Li caught a bad cold?5.When has Mr.Li caught a bad cold?have kepthave kepthas been in/been a member of the armyhas been in/been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/for 5 since 5 years ago/for 5 yearsyearscame came didid dcatchcatch 6.Ten years have pass
44、ed since they got married.7.Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.8.What time have the factory opened?9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice.hashashas been inhas been indiddidopenopenbeen tobeen to五五 现在完成时现在完成时:强调这一动作产生的结果对现强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果，在的影响或结果，与现在有关与现在有关。一般过去时一般过去时:仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生仅表示在过去某一
45、时刻曾发生过这一动作，过这一动作，与现在无关与现在无关。他已学英语五年了。他已学英语五年了。He has studied English for five years.He has studied English for five years.他曾学过五年英语。他曾学过五年英语。He studied English for five years.He studied English for five years.（说明他还会继续学下去）（说明他还会继续学下去）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）Ive lived here for ten y
46、ears.我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)I lived here for ten years.我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)He has bought a house.他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子)He bought a house ten years ago.他10年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。显的时间状语。遇到遇到yesterday,Last year,in May,yesterday,Last year,in May,in+in+过去某一年，过去某一年，two days ago
47、,the two days ago,the other day,just nowother day,just now等就用一般过去等就用一般过去时时 (表过去的时间表过去的时间)当有当有 so far,in/during/over the so far,in/during/over the past/last few days(past/last few days(在过去在过去/最近的最近的几年里几年里)，sincesince接过去时间状语或过接过去时间状语或过去时的句子去时的句子等常用现在完成时等常用现在完成时 (不能与不能与确定的时间确定的时间)THANK YOUSUCCESS2022-11-22可编辑
