1、释义释义释义释义 释义（paraphrase）是指舍弃原文中的具体形象，直接解释出原文的意思。在翻译一些具有鲜明民族色彩的词语（如成语、典故）时，如果直译不能使译入语读者明白意思，而加注又使译文太噜嗦，并且原文重意不重形、重意不重典重意不重形、重意不重典时，可采用释义法。它既可使译文简洁明了，又不损害对原文信息的传达。例句例句1.as drunk as a fiddler酩酊大醉 （在古英格兰,民间小提琴手在公共场合为舞蹈伴奏,人们往往以酒酬谢,因此往往会喝得大醉.后人用此成语时,常常重意不重形与典,因此,不必直译为像小提琴手一样酩酊大醉,采用释义法即可.）2.as rich as Croes
2、us十分富有（Croesus是公元6世纪小亚细亚吕底亚国王,十分富有.如直译为像科里瑟斯一样富有,倒让读者十分费解,因为读者不知科里瑟斯为何许人,并且后人用此词时,常常意重于典,所以不如释义为十分富有,简单明白.）3.Its not easy to become a member of that club-they want people who have plenty of money to spend,not just every Tom,Dick,every Tom,Dick,and Harry.and Harry.要参加那个俱乐部并非易事他们只吸收手头阔绰的人，而不是普通百姓。（Tom
3、,Dick,Harry都是英美常见的人名，这里泛指任何人，相当于汉语中的“张三、李四、王五”。所以，这里不宜直译为“汤姆、迪克、哈里”。）4.Clearly a tug of war tug of war over key policies continues between the pragmatic and ideological camps.不言而喻,注重务实的和强调意识形态的两大营垒还会在重大政策上争吵不休.（tug of war本意为拔河,在此处为比喻用法,指双方势均力敌,争吵不休,直译显然不妥,故采用释义法.）5.Like many other Southerners,I came
4、 to seek my fortune in one of those pot-at-pot-at-the-end-of-the-rainbow factoriesthe-end-of-the-rainbow factories.像许多其他的南方人一样，我也来到这儿，在那些工厂里打工，做发财梦。（根据英语传说，如果人们找到了彩虹与地面交界之处，并在那儿挖掘，就会挖到一罐金子。但这只是人们的幻想，是根本不可能发生的事情。所以，此处重意不重典,自然这里pot-at-the-end-of-the-rainbow factories是指那些根本不可能给南方人提供工作的工厂。）7.The study h
5、ad a Spartan looka Spartan look.书房看起来很简朴。（古希腊斯巴达人以生活简朴而著称。可看出此处重意不重典，所以只用翻译出其意。）8.She scolded her maid and was as cross as cross as two sticksas two sticks.她骂斥自己的女仆，而且脾气非常不好。（如直译为像两根棍子一样暴躁，让人不知所云，并且此处重意不重形，翻译时只好采用释义法。）9.A Red Light Red Light for Scofflaws.玩忽法令之风不可长！（red light本意是红灯，指停车信号、危险信号。文中指出美国社
6、会中蔑视法令的现象已到了触目惊心的地步，必须采取措施加以制止。译成玩忽法令之风不可长一目了然，言简意明。）10.Up Broadway he turned,and halted at a glittering caf,where are gathered together nightly the choicest products of the grapes,the choicest products of the grapes,the silkworm and the protoplasmthe silkworm and the protoplasm.他拐到百老汇路上，在一家灯火辉煌的饭店前
7、停下来，那里每晚汇集上好的美酒、华丽的衣服和有地位的人物。（文中the choicest products of the grapes,the silkworm and the protoplasm如直译为葡萄、蚕和原生质最精良的产物，难令读者明白其意。这里，grape（葡萄）,silkworm（蚕）,protoplasm（原生质）属于修饰学上的提喻（synecdoche），用原材料分别指它们的制成品酒、衣服与人。翻译时只得舍弃原文形象，直接释明其意。）ExerciseExercise1.Our son must go to school.He must break out of the po
8、t that holds us inbreak out of the pot that holds us in.我们的儿子一定得上学，一定要出人头地。2.She and her mother are as like as two as like as two peas.peas.她和她母亲长得一模一样.3.He met his Waterloo.Waterloo.他吃了大败仗。4.She was born with a siver spoon a siver spoon in her mouth.她出生在富贵之家。5.You should keep your nose out of herek
9、eep your nose out of here.你别管闲事。6.Look at the chaps in politics and business,whose whole lives were passed in skating skating on thin iceon thin ice,and getting knighted for it.试看那些政治上和商业上的家伙们,他们整个儿的生活都是在风险中度过的,可是都因此封了爵.7.The young girl thumbed her way thumbed her way to the passing cars.那个年轻的姑娘站在路边
10、不停地向来往的汽车摆动着竖起的拇指表示她要搭车。8.At 19 he had commenced one of those careers attractive and inexplicable to ordinary mortals for whom a single bankruptcy is good as a feastgood as a feast.他19岁时就已经走上了一条在普通人看来是极富吸引力而又不可理解的道路，普通人认为，只是一次破产就叫人够呛了。9.Early Reagan was a mirror image a mirror image of early Carter.
11、里根上台时在做法上跟执政初期的卡特毫无二致。10.Words are not themselves a reality but only representation of it,and the Kings Kings EnglishEnglish,like the Anglo-French of the Normans,is a class representation of reality.单词本身并不是客观物体，只不过是代表客观体而已；像日尔曼人的盎格鲁法语一样，标准英语也是一种代表客观体的语言。Phrase translation the cold war to fish in tro
12、ubled waters Pick a hole in sbs coat speak ones mind be after ones own heart turn up ones nose at hit the nail on the head Turn a blind eye to Turn a deaf ear to 冷战浑水摸鱼吹毛求疵畅所欲言称心如意嗤之以鼻一语道破视而不见充耳不闻Paragraph translation1.It is a world where opportunities have never been greater for those who know how
13、to teach children to read,or those who know how to distribute financial risk;never greater for those who understand the cell and the pixel;never greater for those who can master,and navigate between,legal codes,faith traditions,computer platforms,political viewpoints.现今世界，机遇对于这些人来说是空前的：他们知道如何教子女阅读；他
14、们知道如何组合投资；他们懂得基本存储单元和像素概念；他们能掌握各种法典、传统信仰、计算机平台、政治观点并在其中游刃有余。2.And so I say to you that our University today is at an inflection point in its history.At such a moment,there is temptation to elevate comfort and consensus over progress and clear direction,but this would be a mistake.The Universitys mat
15、chless resources-human,physical,financial-demand that we seize this moment with vision and boldness.To do otherwise would be a lost opportunity.If Harvard can find the courage to change itself,it can change the world.今天，哈佛正处于其历史的转折点。此时此刻的自然倾 向是，把贪图舒适和随波逐流留凌驾于进步和方向性之上，但，这可能是错误的。大学无与伦比的资源 人力、物力、财力要求我们远见卓识和勇敢地抓住这个时机，否则，将会坐失良机。如果哈佛能找到勇气来改变自己，它就能改变世界。
