1、阅读理解全攻略阅读理解全攻略考试大纲考试大纲要求要求1 1、理解主旨和要义；、理解主旨和要义；2 2、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；3 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；4 4、做出简单判断和推理；、做出简单判断和推理；5 5、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；6 6、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。阅读理解命题分类阅读理解命题分类主旨大意型主旨大意型事实细节型事实细节型词义猜测型词义猜测型推理判断型推理判断型命题类命题类一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型解题要领解题要领A、干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具
2、体事实或细节。B、干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些 (不完全的不完全的)事事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。C、干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。D、正确项正确项 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳 概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过 其实或以偏概全。其实或以偏概全。一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型常见提问形式常见提问形式1.The main idea of the passage is _.2.Which of the following statements best s
3、ummarizes the authors main point?3.This paragraph centers/focuses on _.4.This passage is chiefly concerned with _.5.The authors purpose in writing this passage is _.6.What is the best title of the passage?一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型实战演练实战演练 Tell a story and tell it well,and you may open wide the eyes of a child,
4、open up lines of communication in a business,or even open peoples mind to another culture or race.People regard storytelling not only as a useful tool in child education,but also as a meaningful activity that helps adults understand themselves as well as those whose culture may be very different fro
5、m their own.We are all storytellers.We all have a story to tell.We tell everybodys story.一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型实战演练实战演练Question:Whats the main idea of the text?A.Storytelling can influence the way people think.B.Storytelling is vital to the growth of business.C.Storytelling is the best way to educate childr
6、en in school.D.Storytelling helps people understand themselves and others.从文中事实片面推出的错误结论从文中事实片面推出的错误结论 X文中的一个具体细节文中的一个具体细节 X非文章事实的主观臆断非文章事实的主观臆断 X一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型心得体会心得体会 寻找主题句寻找主题句往往是做好此类题往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。而整篇文章的主题句往往
7、隐藏意。而整篇文章的主题句往往隐藏在首段或尾段。在首段或尾段。二、事实细节型二、事实细节型解题要领解题要领难度难度 该题型难度系数值最低并占阅读题该题型难度系数值最低并占阅读题 （除任务型阅读）总数的（除任务型阅读）总数的50%左右。左右。分析分析 文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论据论据或或 主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中；有关细节的问题常对文中 某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及 事实进行提问，所提问题一般可事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接 或或间接间接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。要领要领 忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑
8、关系，忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。决不能主观臆断。二、事实细节型二、事实细节型常见提问形式常见提问形式1.Which of the following is TRUE(Not True)according to the information in the passage?2.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?3.The author mentions all the following except _.4.In the passage,the author states that _.5.以以when
9、,where,who,what,how,why,how many/much等词引导的疑问句。等词引导的疑问句。二、事实细节型二、事实细节型实战演练实战演练 One day,I told my mother Id changed my mind.I didnt want to make a success in the magazine business.“If you think you can change your mind like this,”she replied,“you will become a good-for-nothing.”She insisted that,as so
10、on as school was over,I should start ringing doorbells,selling magazines.Whenever I said no,she would scold me.二、事实细节型二、事实细节型实战演练实战演练Question:What did the mother do when the boy wanted to give up?A.She forced him to continue.B.She punished him.C.She gave him some money.D.She changed her plan.She ins
11、isted that,as soon as school was over,I should start ringing doorbells,selling magazines.Whenever I said no,she would scold me.二、事实细节型二、事实细节型心得体会心得体会 此题型最普遍的特征是题干中此题型最普遍的特征是题干中的某些词语和表达方式与原文的词的某些词语和表达方式与原文的词语和表达方式相吻合，因此一般采语和表达方式相吻合，因此一般采用用寻读法寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或
12、句子，再对相关部分进行的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。分析对比，找出答案。三、词义猜测型三、词义猜测型常见提问形式常见提问形式1.The word*could best be replaced by _.2.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word*?3.In the*paragraph,the word*means (refers to)_.4.The underlined word*is the closest in meaning to _.三、词义猜测型三、词义猜测型解题要领解题要领 同义
13、法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的 或递进的。或递进的。反义法反义法 如如hot and cold,give and receive等，或等，或 前句为肯定，后句为否定。词与词之前句为肯定，后句为否定。词与词之 间都起着互为线索的作用。间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语 甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出 并加以解释说明。并加以解释说明。情景推断法情景推断法 根据上下文情景线索进
14、行猜测。根据上下文情景线索进行猜测。The following year,he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgways School of Adventure in Scotland,where he learned about Ridgways cold-water exploits.Greatly interested,Saunders read allhe could about North Pole explorers and adventures,then decided that this would
15、be his future.同义法实战演练同义法实战演练Question:The underlined word“exploits”is closest in meaning to _.A.journeys B.researches C.adventures D.operationsAdventureexplorersadventuresMost women in Ghana the educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old work to earn an income in addition to mainta
16、ining their roles as housewives and mothers.Their reputation for economic independence,self-reliance,and hard work is well known and well deserved.反义法实战演练反义法实战演练Question:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“illiterate”?A.repeat B.reiterated C.uneducated D.sickthe educa
17、tedthe urban and rural,the youngand oldWhen Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job,she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standard-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and t
18、eachers.释义法实战演练释义法实战演练Question:The underlined word“daunting”most probably means _.A.discouraging B.interesting C.creative D.unbearable of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standard-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break f
19、or students and teachers.One night the wind howled loudly in fromoffshore.He rushed next door to the hired hands sleeping room to wake him up.But the little man rolled over in bed and saidfirmly,“No sir.”Enraged by the response,the man wanted to fire him on the spot.情景推断法实战演练情景推断法实战演练Question:The un
20、derlined word“Enraged”may probably mean_.A.to be made angry B.to be made surprised C.to be made depressed D.to be made happy四、推理判断型四、推理判断型解题要领解题要领分析分析 2020题中常有题中常有6-86-8题。题。考查学生由文章的字考查学生由文章的字 面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力，面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力，根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推 理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生
21、的 可能性、作者的倾向或意图、文章的论调可能性、作者的倾向或意图、文章的论调 等。等。要领要领 透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，判断有据判断有据，推论有理推论有理，忠实原文忠实原文，切忌用自己的观点代替作者，切忌用自己的观点代替作者 的本意；全面分析所有相关信息，切忌的本意；全面分析所有相关信息，切忌 片面思考，得出片面结论；善于揣摩作片面思考，得出片面结论；善于揣摩作 者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。四、推理判断型四、推理判断型常见提问形式常见提问形式1.It can be inferred from the text that _.2.The paragrap
22、h following(before)the passage will most probably be _.3.The writers attitude is _.4.The author implied(suggested)that _.5.We can conclude from the passage that_.6.What is the tone of the author?7.The passage is intended to _.8.We can learn from the text that _.四、推理判断型四、推理判断型实战演练实战演练 People who have
23、 lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasics.Such patients can be extremely good at something else.From the changing expressions on speakers faces and the tones of their voices,they can tell lies from truths.According to Dr.Sacks,they are more gifted than norm
24、al people.Normal people may get carried away by words.Aphasics seem to understand human expressions better,though they cannot understand words.四、推理判断型四、推理判断型实战演练实战演练Question:What do we learn from this text?A.What one says reflects how one feels.B.Aphasics have richer feelings than others.C.Normal pe
25、ople often tell lies in their speeches.D.People poor at one thing can be good at another.任务型任务型阅读解题要领阅读解题要领步骤一：步骤一：认真阅读背景介绍，了解话题或主题认真阅读背景介绍，了解话题或主题 步骤二：步骤二：仔细阅读题目，找出不同人物的不同仔细阅读题目，找出不同人物的不同 要求，并在关键词下划线要求，并在关键词下划线步骤三：步骤三：对照题目的要求，从对照题目的要求，从A A、B B、C C、D D、E E 和和F F六项中选出符合以上要求的对应六项中选出符合以上要求的对应 条件条件 步骤四：
26、步骤四：快速对照要求和条件两条线索通读一快速对照要求和条件两条线索通读一 遍，做到万无一失，提高答题的准确遍，做到万无一失，提高答题的准确 率。率。采取采取“对应阅读方法对应阅读方法”1 1、快速读题，带着问题读文章。、快速读题，带着问题读文章。有助于有的放矢地去读，并确定正确有助于有的放矢地去读，并确定正确 的答案。的答案。阅读理解解题策略阅读理解解题策略确定题干中的确定题干中的关键词关键词 反映题干的中心反映题干的中心 信息或能体现题干最大特征的词信息或能体现题干最大特征的词时间、数字、专有名词、实义名词、抽象名时间、数字、专有名词、实义名词、抽象名词、典型的形容词和副词以及主要的动词等。
27、词、典型的形容词和副词以及主要的动词等。2 2、正确运用阅读策略，提高阅读效率。、正确运用阅读策略，提高阅读效率。包含论点、论据、结论三大要包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点 阅读理解解题策略阅读理解解题策略运用运用略读略读、扫读扫读、跳读跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质和文章传达的信息。实质和文章传达的信息。记叙文记叙文 以人物为中心，以时间或空间为以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线
28、索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事 论述文体论述文体3 3、关注语篇的连接词，正确理解篇章结构。、关注语篇的连接词，正确理解篇章结构。because,although,but,however,anyhow,on the contrary,as a result,in addition,generally speaking,to summarize,thats to say,whats more在上在上下文中起着让步、转折、对比、列举、递进等下文中起着让步、转折、对比、列举、递进等作用，掌握这些词汇对于篇章的理解有很大的作用，掌握这些词汇对于篇章的理解有很大的帮助。帮助。阅读理解解题策略阅读理解解题策略连接词连接词 语篇的逻辑纽带，在句子、段落语篇的逻辑纽带，在句子、段落之间起着承上启下的作用，使句子、段落和篇之间起着承上启下的作用，使句子、段落和篇章保持逻辑上的关系和语义上的连贯，它直接章保持逻辑上的关系和语义上的连贯，它直接表明了句与句之间的逻辑关系表明了句与句之间的逻辑关系。
