1、2020江苏高考英语任务型阅读解题指导江苏高考英语任务型阅读解题指导一一.考纲说明考纲说明根据2019年考试说明（2020年沿用）对任务型阅读考查的表述，明确要求考生能够：1.提炼文章提纲；2.概括主要内容；3.转述关键信息；通过阅读短文，填写表格中相应内容考察学生:获取信息的能力 组织信息的能力 归纳概括信息的能力 二二.近近5 5年年江苏高考及连云港市一江苏高考及连云港市一模任务型阅读命题模任务型阅读命题分布情况分布情况年份年份标题标题词数词数文体文体考查题型考查题型信息查信息查找题找题信息转信息转换题换题信息概信息概括题括题市一模市一模Company culture516说明文说明文28
2、02019The Cost of Thinking417说明文说明文3522018How Arts Promote Our Economy416说明文说明文2712017Population Change488说明文说明文1362016An Extension of the Human Brain430说明文说明文2172015What News Stories Do You Read？411说明文说明文337 本文本文话题是话题是思考思考的的代价代价,文章介绍了人类脑容量大和直立行走文章介绍了人类脑容量大和直立行走这这两大典两大典型特点的利与弊。型特点的利与弊。体裁是说明文，体裁是说明文，整
3、篇文章整篇文章结构清晰，语言地道，易读易结构清晰，语言地道，易读易懂，易读度为懂，易读度为60，文长文长425词（含标题）。词（含标题）。三三.命题及学生命题及学生考考情分析情分析1.2019江苏高考江苏高考命题特点和命题特点和考生考情考生考情分析：分析：1.任务型阅读依旧是整套试卷的难点所在，但整体难度略低于任务型阅读依旧是整套试卷的难点所在，但整体难度略低于2018年。涉年。涉 及及原词复现、词性转换、同意替换以及信息概括原词复现、词性转换、同意替换以及信息概括。2.考察考生运用考察考生运用观察与比较、分析与综合、抽象与概括观察与比较、分析与综合、抽象与概括的思维方法。的思维方法。3.要求
4、学生能要求学生能宏观宏观上把握上把握语篇的结构语篇的结构、提炼文本的主旨提炼文本的主旨、概括分论点、区、概括分论点、区 分事实与观点。分事实与观点。4.要求学生在要求学生在微观微观上能对信息进行上能对信息进行转述和转译转述和转译，对，对语篇语篇知识、知识、语法语法知识及知识及常见常见核心词汇核心词汇能准确地使用。能准确地使用。文章整体特征：文章整体特征：试题设置特点及能力指向：试题设置特点及能力指向：原词查找（原词查找（3题）：题）：71.Characteristics 73.energy76.other信息转换（信息转换（5题）：题）：75.guard77.limits 78.physica
5、l 79.beat 80.fearful/afraid归纳总结（归纳总结（2题）题）72.Disadvantages 74impact(s)失分率较高失分率较高2019江苏高考学生考情分析：江苏高考学生考情分析：学生转述、转译和学生转述、转译和整合信息能力欠缺整合信息能力欠缺71.characteristics（原词查找原词查找）根据文章第一段中的）根据文章第一段中的share several defining characteristics。72.disadvantages（归纳概括归纳概括）文章第二段，具体设空处对应的右栏中列举的信息主要介绍了）文章第二段，具体设空处对应的右栏中列举的信息
6、主要介绍了容量大的大脑的缺点容量大的大脑的缺点,故答案为故答案为disadvantages。73.energy（原词查找原词查找）根据第三段中）根据第三段中.the brains of apes require only 8%of rest-time energy.74.impact(s)（归纳概括）设空处对应的右栏列举了直立行走的好处和缺点）设空处对应的右栏列举了直立行走的好处和缺点,因而用因而用impacts或或impact。本题失分率较高，说明信息概括能力弱。本题失分率较高，说明信息概括能力弱。75.guard（整合转换）根据第四段中根据第四段中its easier to find fo
7、od or enemies和和like throwing stones or signaling并结合题干中并结合题干中against 意为意为“提防提防”。本题失分率很高，转译能力差。本题失分率很高，转译能力差。76.other根据第四段中根据第四段中their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes可查找。可查找。77.limits（整合转换）根据第五段中第三句根据第五段中第三句(调整直立难调整直立难,尤其是支撑超大头骨时尤其是支撑超大头骨时)可推知直立行走可推知直立行走需要限制大脑的
8、大小需要限制大脑的大小,故答案为故答案为limits。失分率高是因为推断和整合信息能力薄弱。失分率高是因为推断和整合信息能力薄弱。78.physical（整合转换）根据第五段最后一句话中的关键信息根据第五段最后一句话中的关键信息with backaches and painful necks可知为可知为physical。本题需要本题需要整合转换信息和整合转换信息和概括信息能力。概括信息能力。79.beat（整合转换）根据最后一段中）根据最后一段中It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on
9、 earth.可知容量大的大脑使人类成为地球上最强大的动物可推断空可知容量大的大脑使人类成为地球上最强大的动物可推断空格处为格处为“击败击败,战胜战胜”之意之意,故答案为故答案为beat。本题需要整合转换信息和转译能力。本题需要整合转换信息和转译能力。80.fearful/afraid（词性转换）根据最后一段最后一句尤其是（词性转换）根据最后一段最后一句尤其是lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals可知可知,人类尽管具有容量大的大脑和锋利的石器人类尽管具有容量大的大脑和锋利的石器,但一直生活在对食肉动物的恐惧中。但一直生活在对食肉动物的恐惧中。
10、需要加强学生信息提取和需要加强学生信息提取和信息整合转换、转译能力信息整合转换、转译能力的培养的培养2019高考解析高考解析 对于对于 ,题题,我们可以从原文中直接找到相关我们可以从原文中直接找到相关 信息信息,所填单词也无需词形变换所填单词也无需词形变换。对于对于 ，题题,我们首先要从原文中找到关我们首先要从原文中找到关键信息键信息,然后根据题目要求然后根据题目要求进行信息的整合和转换。进行信息的整合和转换。对于对于 ,，题题,我们也可以从原文中直接找我们也可以从原文中直接找 到相关信息到相关信息,但是但是所填单词需要形式变换。所填单词需要形式变换。7771767375747879802.2
11、0202.2020届连云港市一模命题特点和考生考情分析：届连云港市一模命题特点和考生考情分析：原原词查找（词查找（2 2题）：题）：信息转换（信息转换（8 8题）题）：72文章体裁是说明文，话题是关于企业文化，共文章体裁是说明文，话题是关于企业文化，共516516词，虽略长于词，虽略长于20192019年高考卷，但年高考卷，但文章主体部分有文章主体部分有5 5个个subheadings，使之，使之结构结构清晰清晰，便于学生理，便于学生理解大意。解大意。设置了信息查找题和信息转换题，没有信息概括题设置了信息查找题和信息转换题，没有信息概括题，和，和20192019江苏高江苏高考考题难度相当。难题
12、难度相当。难易适中，有梯度，能有效考查出学生语言运用能力和思维能力易适中，有梯度，能有效考查出学生语言运用能力和思维能力水平。水平。71.71.原词原词 第第1 1段段：follow follows72.72.原词原词 第第2 2段：段：Recommendations/Suggestions/Advice/Tips73.73.同义解释同义解释 第第3 3段：段：allow.participate in get involved/engaged in74.74.同义解释同义解释 第第5 5段：段：allow for考虑考虑 take account of75.同义解释同义解释 第第6 6段：段：
13、blow off some steam是习惯用语是习惯用语“减压减压”，相当于，相当于get relaxed reduce/release/relieve/ease/decrease/lessen76.76.原词原词 第第7 7段末：段末：needed/necessary77.原词原词 第第9 9段：段：reflect78.同义解释同义解释 第第1111段段 ask them for their inputconsult.about79.79.原词原词 第第1212段：段：respect.v.v.show respect for80.原词原词 第第1313段：段：developdevelopm
14、ent 市联考疑难点分析：市联考疑难点分析：1.短语掌握不牢固，短短语掌握不牢固，短时间找不到替换的词。时间找不到替换的词。2.习惯用语意义不明，习惯用语意义不明，又缺乏整体理解释义能又缺乏整体理解释义能力。力。第一步：浏览题干表格第一步：浏览题干表格，理解文章结构，理解文章结构 四四.任务型阅读解题步骤任务型阅读解题步骤第二步：理解文章结构，定位相关信息第二步：理解文章结构，定位相关信息 第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第四步：反复分析比较，选择合适词汇第四步：反复分析比较，选择合适词汇 重要解题重要解题过程过程任务型阅读图表高度概括了原文信息，我们任
15、务型阅读图表高度概括了原文信息，我们分析表格的设计结构，理清其显示的分析表格的设计结构，理清其显示的层次关系，就能初步了解文章的发展脉络及大体内容，可以层次关系，就能初步了解文章的发展脉络及大体内容，可以节约时间并且提高解节约时间并且提高解题的针对性。先读取图表中的内容，然后在原文中进行相关信息题的针对性。先读取图表中的内容，然后在原文中进行相关信息定位定位。第一步：浏览题干表格第一步：浏览题干表格，理解文章结构，理解文章结构 1.扫读表格扫读表格把握表格结构，理清层次关系把握表格结构，理清层次关系2.速读全文速读全文把握大意，理清文章结构把握大意，理清文章结构以市一模和历年高考为例Compa
16、nies hope to possess a productive,collaborative work environmoment where every employee(71)shared valuesBased on shared values,the company ought to do activities where your internal brand should(77)external one The employers should leave development room for employees after setting goals for them bu
17、t come to their assistance only if(76)_.The company had better create a space and environment that takes(74)of breaks,making it possible for the employees to(75)_ stress.Introduction(72)(72)from entrepreneursCompany culture is not necessarily a top-down creation.Instead,its(80)_ and maintenance depe
18、nd on workers themselves.Conclusion Company cultureIt helps when staff get(73)in the hiring process,despite the fact that employers always have a finnal say.It is a wise choice to(78)employees about ideas and suggestions because such a relaxing,trustworthy environment allows everybody to show(79)_ f
19、or each s opinions.Part1Part2Part3(Para1)(Para2-12)(Para13)subheadings20202020连云港一模连云港一模The Cost of ThinkingIntroductionLarge brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two 71 of human beings.The 72 of large human brainsThe larger brains may not be better because of the cost.The big
20、 brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.The animal brain requires less 73 when the body is at rest.Large human brains consume more food,and weaken muscles.The 74 of walking uprightWalking upright makes it easy to find food or 75 against enemies.Freed hands can serv
21、e some 76 purposes and perform complex tasks.Walking upright challenges the human bone structure,and 77 the size of brains.Walking upright results in 78 sufferings.ConclusionWith a large brain,human beings 79 other beings in terms of intelligence.Weak and marginal,human beings remained 80 of meat-ea
22、ting animals.第二步：理解文章结构，定位相关信息第二步：理解文章结构，定位相关信息 对照表格理解完文章然后在原文中进行信息定位，即带着问题，找到文章对应点。对照表格理解完文章然后在原文中进行信息定位，即带着问题，找到文章对应点。Para1Para3概括右栏概括右栏Para4 Line1Para4 Line2Para5Para6Para2,6Para5概括右栏概括右栏 20192019江苏高考江苏高考第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息具体方法与步骤具体方法与步骤 1.细读后定位信息，再定词，定词后定性（如名词、动词、形容词、副词）。细读后定位信息
23、，再定词，定词后定性（如名词、动词、形容词、副词）。最后定形（如单复数、非谓语形式、大小写最后定形（如单复数、非谓语形式、大小写等）。等）。2.找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。信息。原词引用原词引用原词转换原词转换近义转换近义转换整合转换整合转换概括归纳概括归纳重点突破重点突破信息查找题即信息查找题即原文词汇复现原文词汇复现，属于最简单的基础题，要求考生能快速地在文章，属于最简单的基础题，要求考生能快速地在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词或其适当形式填空。解题关键是中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并
24、用文章中的词或其适当形式填空。解题关键是根据问题查找并准确定位信息。根据问题查找并准确定位信息。信息查找题考查的都是原文词汇，但现在其信息查找题考查的都是原文词汇，但现在其呈现形式越来越隐蔽呈现形式越来越隐蔽，考生做题时，考生做题时一定要细心。一定要细心。第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息信息信息查找题查找题 典例典例(2019江苏高考节选江苏高考节选)Despite their many differences,all human beings share several defining characteristics,such as large br
25、ains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.The Cost of ThinkingIntroductionLarge brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two(71)_ of human beings.characteristics第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息信息查找信息查找题题原词引用原词引用信息转换题是活学活用题，灵活考查考生在信息转换题是活学活用题，灵活考查考生在知识重组知识重组的基础上，运的基础上，运用
26、用多种表达方式多种表达方式的能力，突显对遣词造句能力的考查。比如，用意义的能力，突显对遣词造句能力的考查。比如，用意义相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。同时，在限定一空一词的要求下，相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。同时，在限定一空一词的要求下，更需要考生有运用更需要考生有运用逆向思维逆向思维的能力。这种类型的题目的能力。这种类型的题目一般不能直接在一般不能直接在文章中找到题目给出的句子文章中找到题目给出的句子，需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后，将捕，需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后，将捕捉到的信息进行转换。捉到的信息进行转换。第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息信息转换信
27、息转换题考查侧重点题考查侧重点信息概括题信息概括题 Company culture is a hot topic for nearly every business.Everyone wants to create aproductive,collaborative and inviting work environment where all employees follow sharedvalues and work toward a common goal.We asked a group of entrepreneurs to share how they encourage thei
28、r teams to participate in building the company culture.Here are their top recommendations Get employee input on the hiring process While a hiring manager should always have a final say over who joins the team.it couldhelp to allow employees of all levels toparticipate in the hiring process.Ismael Wr
29、ixen,CEO ofFE International recommends letting some of a candidate's future teammates sit in on aninterview,as this can help you find people who will fit in well with your other employees.Our company has a real familiar feel,and team members often socialize outside or workWrixen explains Consid
30、ering how people will fit in the team once they are hired has alwaysbeen an important consideration Create a space and environment that allows for breaks Company culture-building can sometimes feel forced,says Jessica Gonzalez,CEO ofInCharged.To make it more organic and-natural,Gonzalez believes the
31、 best thing to do is tocreate the space and environment for it.73.73.同同义义短语转换短语转换74.74.同同义义短语转换短语转换71.71.词形转换词形转换【原文原文】第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息20202020连云港一模连云港一模 “Some companies get a PingPong table,she says.”It doesnt really matter the details,but you have given your employees permissio
32、n to take breaks and blow off some steam with their coworkers.That s where culture and connection will be built.Stop micromanaging If you want your employees to build a great culture of their own,dont disturb the process,says Solomon Thimothy,president of OneIMS.While he monitors all processes on hi
33、s team(including culture-building),he only gets involved when his staff needs him,rather than constantly micromanaging.“Connect people with each other,define your expectations,set the pace and leave themalone”Thimothy says Plan activities that reflect your shared values According to Beth Doane,manag
34、ing partner of Main Rose,your internal brand shouldreflect your external one.She recommends bringing your team together around a shared set of values and then doing activities to strengthen that brand As a social-good focused firm,we love doing activities that give back-hiking,volunteering,cleaning
35、up the environment,Doane adds.Its fun and it gets the whole team involved in our mission.75.75.同同义义短语转换短语转换76.76.语法结构转换语法结构转换第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息 Ask for their ideas and suggestions If you really want your employees to help build the company culture,all you have to do is ask them for
36、 their input,Chris Christoff,cofounder of MonsterInsights,says he is open to suggestions from team members on how to perform more efficiently.“Opening the invitation to new ideas fosters a positive company culture because it shows employees their voices are heard and their opinions matter because th
37、ey do,Christoff says.It creates a relaxing,trustworthy environment where everyone respects what each other has to say.Anyhow,its important to remember that culture is not necessarily a top-down creation.Instead,a successful culture is developed and maintained by the workers who live it every single
38、day78.78.同义短语同义短语转换转换80.80.语法语法、词法、词法转换转换第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息79.79.词性词性转换转换第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息（1 1）原）原词转换题词转换题语法、词法的正确使用，语法、词法的正确使用，词性和词性和词形词形（2 2）近义）近义转换题转换题近义词块，正确搭配近义词块，正确搭配（3 3）整合）整合转换题转换题一个意思，换种表达一个意思，换种表达信息信息转换转换题解题方法题解题方法1.1.原词转换题原词转换题词性和词形词性和词形(Para 3)Zhang X
39、uchen,39,a part-time emoji creatorsaid that he earned a good income simply through tipping from customers,which(form)Zhang Xuchen created emojis part-time but earned a good income because customer(76)_ him.v.tip/tips?tipped第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息 典例典例 20192019苏北三市一模苏北三市一模 （创新设计一轮复习（创新设计
40、一轮复习2016）Another great way to keep yourself motivated over the holiday is to find a friend whos interested in reading the same book.You can make goals that you both want to achieve and discuss plot lines or vocabulary issues with each other by SMS or e-mail.Ways to keep up your(1)_for readingRead al
41、ong with a friend a book you both feel interested in and(2)_ views on plot lines or vocabulary to achieve your common goals.motivationexchange/share第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息1.1.原词转换题原词转换题词性和词形词性和词形 Next,its also necessary to check and respond to what others are saying.If you find a negati
42、ve review,try to get in touch with the people who posted it.One way out is to take the criticism good-naturedly,apologize to the customer,and tell him youll do your best to rectify matters.On the other hand,if a customer posted positive comments,thank him for it,and make it look sincere.Check the po
43、sted reviews regularly and make(1)_ to them(2)Contact the people who posted negative reviews to apologize.Thank those who posted positive comments sincerely.response 第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息1.1.原词转换题原词转换题词性和词形词性和词形(Para 4)StarMoly,founded in 2016,is the developer of Rumi emojis are undou
44、btedly a promising IP.The president of StarMoly,which(77）_ Rumi,recognizes emojis as a promising IP.v.develops?20192019苏北三市一模苏北三市一模developed第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息1.1.原词转换题原词转换题词性和词形词性和词形1.1.原词转换题原词转换题词性和词形词性和词形(Para 6)One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.
45、As for the USA,it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20%from 20102030.(form)The USA will increase,from 2010-2030,its population by 20%through(79)_.n.immigration20172017江苏高考江苏高考第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息(72)Ways of arts promoting our
46、economyArts activity demands a(n)(73)joint/collective effort.It involves creation，performance，and(74)_.Artists make a living through their creative work.Others get paid by marketing the event.(Para3)Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.“If you build it they will come”is a mislea
47、ding belief painters，digital media experts,photographers,booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition,arts agencies employ more than 10，000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.(2018江
48、苏卷江苏卷)promotion/marketing.1.1.原词转换题原词转换题词性和词形词性和词形第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息20182018江苏高考江苏高考 典例典例(2019(2019江苏高考节选江苏高考节选)We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages.It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.But humans enjoyed all of these advan
49、tages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creatures.Thus humans who lived a million years ago,despite their big brains and sharp stone tools,lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.ConclusionWith a large brain,human beings(79)beat other beings in terms of in
50、telligence.Weak and marginal,human beings remained(80)_ of meat-eating animals.fearful/afraid第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息第三步：综合语法、语义，筛选整合信息1.1.原词转换题原词转换题词性和词形词性和词形2.2.近义转换题近义转换题近义词近义词或词或词块，正确搭配块，正确搭配(Para 1)they(emojis)are turning out to be a money-spinner and also an IP worth further protectionEmojis,instant
