1、第一讲句子成分及简单句分析 Anna1.I metmy best friendTomat the station yesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物?Janeis good at playing the piano.?Shewent out in a hurry.?Fourplus four is eight.?To seeis to believe.?Smoking is bad for healt
2、h.?The young should respect the old.?What he has saidis true.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）找出句中主语找出句中主语The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（动名词）（不定式）（句子）(名词化的形容词）
3、（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征?简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成?I sawthe flag on the top of the hill?He looked aftertwo orphans.?复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;?He can speak English well.?She doesnt seemto like dancing Show your passport,please.She didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to
4、 hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?（名词）(代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者 及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（动名词）（句子）?宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语和和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.?He gave me some books.间接宾语直接宾语please pass methe book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.（四）表语（四
5、）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句?He is a cleverboy.?His father works in a steelwork.?There are 54 students in our class.?Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示
6、时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the treeis his daughter.（六）状语（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。?I will be back in a while.?They are playing on the playground.?He w
7、as late because he got up late.?He often went to school by bus.?This book is veryinteresting.?I found the book interesting.?Do you smell something burning?（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.?She asked me to lend
8、her a hand.Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构1）You are a student.2）He felt happy today.3）What you said made me happy.4）After he finished his homework,he went away.句子类型1、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：My brother and I goto school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evenin
9、g.2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：It is late,sowe must hurry.3、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。如：If we want to keep fit,wemust always rememberthat prevention is better than cure.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型一:(主谓)二:(主系表)三:(主谓宾)四:(主谓间宾直宾)五:(主谓宾宾补)基本句型基本句型 一一:(主谓主谓)谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。如如:Wecome.(不及物动词不及物动词)
10、1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwrites smoothly基本句型二：基本句型二：(是系动词是系动词)(表语表语)1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinese dictionary.2.Thedinner smellsgood.3.Everything looksdifferent.4.Heis growing tallandstrong.5.Ourwellhasgonedry.基本句型基本句型 三三:(主谓宾主谓宾)此句型的特点特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能
11、使意思完整。(及物动词及物动词)(宾语宾语)1.Whoknows theanswer?2.Hehasrefused tohelpthem.3.Heenjoys reading.4.Headmits thathewasmistaken.基本句型 四:(主谓间宾直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。-Give mea cup of tea please.-Give a cup of tea to me please.give sb sth=give sth to sb基本句型基本句型 五五:(主
12、谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)此句型的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。We should keepthe plants in the shade.划分句子成分划分句子成分1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window
13、.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell（your）friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didntdare opena window.3
14、.Another time five months ago,I happened to beUpstairs at dusk(when the window was open).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,the wind,the thunderingCloudsheld me entirely in their power.主语谓语间宾定语直接宾语原因状语主语谓语宾语状语翻译以下句子翻译以下句子?1.你的故事听起来很有趣。?You story sounds very interesting.?2.我感到有一点累。?I felt a bit tired.?3.我妹妹是在农村长大的。?My younger sister grew up in the country.?4.这家医院创建于1950年。?This hospital was set up in 1950.?5.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。?He broke the traffic rule because he drove his car too fast.Thank you!
