1、1Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences:1.The world loves nature.2.Knowledge is power.3.We Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectsubjectappositionpredicative2名词性从句名词性从句?名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语His job is important.What he does is important.表语This is his job.T
2、his is what he does every day.3宾语I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is Mr.White.4什么叫名词性从句？?在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）?名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等等?因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从
3、句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句5What are noun clauses?His story is interesting.What he said is interesting.I heard his story.I heard what he said.I listen to his story.I listen to what he said.This is his story.This is what he said.The idea of going there is good.The idea that we go there is good.Subject clauseOb
4、ject clauseObject clause aftera prepositionPredictive clauseAppositive clause6Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类1.At lunchtime,the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2.She wondered if the buses would still be running.3.The truth is that the fog is too thick fo
5、r the bus to run that far.4.When we will startis not clear.5.I had no idea that you were her friend.Object clauseObject clausePredicative clauseSubject clauseAppositive clause7名词性从句中的连接词有:连词:that/whether/as if(though);连接代词连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/
6、why/how/wherever/whenever。8引导词?句型转换?1.They are good doctors.He told us.?2.He hadnt said anything at the meeting.The fact surprised us.He told us that they were good doctors.The fact that he hadnt said anything at the meeting surprised us.总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。93.Does your sister get up early?
7、Do you know?4.Do animals have the same senses as humans?I often wonder.Do you know if/whether your sister gets up early?I often wonder if/whether animals have the same senses as humans.总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用变成名词性从句用if或或whether 引导。引导。105.When did he buy this new bike?Could you tell
8、me?6.My question is this:where will the lecture be given?Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?My question is where the lecture will be given.总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。11总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看作单数概念。由what引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。1.What we need more ti
9、me.2.What we need more English dictionaries.areis12Practice time.单句改错1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3.I didnt know that you will come.4.He said that he is writing a story.5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?6.You can b
10、egin to see why does English have such strange rules._is_hasnt_would_was_he will_English has13Object Clauses宾语从句宾语从句141.Iknow him.2.Iknow whoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾 语 从 句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）15宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+简单句或其一部分16一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由否定句），连词由that引导，因为引
11、导，因为that在从在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略?Shesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeeting nextSunday.?Jim thought(that)the train was like a bigmovingparty.17?2.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况在以下三种情况下不能省略：下不能省略：?（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；?（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。?（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句?Everyon
12、e knew what happened and thatshe was worried.?The reason lies in thatshe works harder than the others do.?I think it necessary thatyou should read English aloud.183.在主句为动词在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句的从句也可算是宾语从句?Im sorry(that)I dontknow.?We
13、resure(that)ourteam willwin.?Im afraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.194.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或或if引导（口语中常用引导（口语中常用if），因为），因为if/whether翻翻译成：译成：“是否是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略能省略?Lily wanted toknowif/whether hergrandmalikedthehandbag.?Letsseeif/whether wecanfindoutsomeinformation abouttha
14、tcity.?Sheaskedmeif/whether shecouldborrowthesebooks.20whether与if的辨用?表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。?a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d.介词后的宾语从句e.后接动词不定式后接动词不定式(whether to do sth.)f.whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if21Practice timeif/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is
15、 well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether225.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（词（what,who,whom,whose）或连接副词）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略略?Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?I dontr
16、emember whenwearrived.?I askedhimwhereI couldgetsomuchmoney.?Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.?Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?23带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句?Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday?Could you tell us how long the meeting will last?I dont know how far it is to the cinema.?Please
17、tell us how many students there are in your school?Can you tell us how old his brother is?Please tell us how soon you will be ready.?Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan?24二、时态二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）?I knowheliveshere.?I knowh
18、elivedheretenyearsago.?I haveheardthathewillcometomorrow.252.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）?I knewwholivedhere.?I sawshewastalkingwithhermother.?Heaskedwhether hisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.?Hesaidthathehadseenit.263.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。?Theteacher
19、saidthattheearthtravelsaround thesun.271.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.Tom says that they _ (play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hear they _ (return)it already.5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)will bego
20、eswere playinghave returnedhad been286.I didn t know what time he _ the letter.(write)7.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)8.Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times.(be)wrotehas takenhad been29三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分301.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?His brotherasks
21、 whenhe will go to thelibrary.His brotherasks whenwill he go to thelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewant tobuy?I dontknowwhat hewants tobuy.I dontknowwhat doeshewant tobuy.?311could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。时态。注意事项?Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutellus whichgatewehav
22、etogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?322.如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能时，连词不可能是是that；如果主句的谓语动词是；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连时，连词用词用that?Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessage onhisdesk.?Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.?HeasksifI likeplaying thepiano.?Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebussta
23、tion.333.否定的转移否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。I dontthinkthis dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)344.it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语:it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从
24、句则放在句尾在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。We heard it that she would get married next month.35Predicative Clauses表语从句表语从句36表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句从句,放在系动词之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以。可以接表语从句的系动词有接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外等。另外,常用的还有常用的还有the reason why is that 和和It is becau
25、se 等结构。例如：等结构。例如：37.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用:对主语进行解释说明。连接词：that/whether/as if/as though（if 不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词：when/where/why/how/becauseThe question is whetherwe can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Tha
26、ts why I was late.38注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。2.一般情况下，“that”不能省。3.It is/was because.It is/was why.3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.4 The reason is because/whythat .39名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主
27、语。如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.40注意注意表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.但:1.that引导表语从句时不能省.2.if不能引导表语从句.411.That s _ the Party called on us to do.A.why B.what C.how D.that 2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the m
28、achine.A.because B.why C.that D.Whether3.That is _ they separated.A.that B.what C.which D.where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.when 42Subject Clauses主语从句主语从句431.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1).Thathe will succeedis certain.2)Whetherhe will go thereis not known.3)Whathe said
29、is not true.4)Wherehe hid the moneyis to be found out.5)Whoevercomes is welcome.6)Its certain thathe will succeed.7)Howwe can help the twinswill be discussed at the meeting.8)Whenthey ll start the projecthas not been decided yet.44考点一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:That we shall
30、be late is certain.-Its certain that we shall be late.1.That the earth is round is known to all.-2.That you missed the chance is a pity.-由连词whether,连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how 等引导.也常常后置:It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.45It的用法：（形式主语）It po
31、ssible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Its said/reported that.据说/据报道Its been announced/declared that.已经通知/宣布It seems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、碰巧.Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(众所周知）/a common saying.（俗话说）46?考点二?注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数?What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定?What
32、he needs _is_ that book.?What he needs _are_ some books.47what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：(1)What you said yesterday is right.(2)Thatshe is still alive is a puzzle.What 与that 引导主语从句48由that引导:1.That we shall be lateis certain.2._ is known to all.(地球是圆的)3._ is a pity.(你错过了这次机会
33、)that 无意义,后接一个完整的句子.that 不可省That the earth is roundThat you missed the chance49注注 意：意：1.What you leftareonly several old books.2.What you said isof great importance.3.What he says and does doesntconcern me.4.What he says and does dontagree.“if”不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。主语从句的“that”一般不能省。“what”引导主语从句时，谓语
34、动词：1）常与其后的名词作表语一致2）根据句子的语境而定。501._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.a.Which;belong to b.As,belon
35、ged to c.What;belonging to d.It;belonging to514.It s known to us all _ a form of energy.A.water is B.that water is C.is water D.that water to 5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.whether B.that C.what D.when6.What I say and think _ none of your business.A.is B.are C.has D have52Appos
36、itive Clauses同位语从句同位语从句53同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.n.+连接词+从句同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词 when/where/why/how/whether 1)The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2).Sydney kept his promisethat he would always do anything
37、he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.54注:1.同 位语从句多用that引导2.在have no idea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.55I have no ideawhenhe will be back.howhe can get the treasure.wherethe concert will be hold.whocan finish the
38、work.whyit happened.whichpen is mine.whatwe should do next.whomthey are talking about.whether itll rain tomorrow.thatour football team won the game.561.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit
39、inChina./We heard the news last night._The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a dietworries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.57名词名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构
40、为结构为 should+do,should 可省略可省略He gave me a suggestion that I(should)be calm now.58I have heard the news that he visited our factory.I have heard the news that he told you the other day.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1 同位语从句that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分定语从句 that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充当宾语和主语2同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明定语从句定从和前面的名词是所属关系
41、，对名词进行修饰，加以限定3同位语从句that 不能省定语从句that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省59Practice:判断下列各句是同位语判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句?1.They expressed the hope thatthey would come to visit China again.?2.The hope thatshe expressed is that they would come to visit China again.?3.The fact thatshe works hard is well known?to us all.同位语从句定语从句同位语从句6
42、0Thank you611.Theyoungmanasked_ itssummer orwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.The teacherasks us _ Jimcan comeback ontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_or notwewill haveasportsmeeting thisweekend.A.ifB.whereC.whether D.thatDABC625.Co
43、uldyoushowme_?A.howcanI gettothestationB.whereis thestationC.howI couldgettothestationD.howI canreachthestation6.Please tell me _.A.what does he like B.what he does like C.what he likes D.what he like7.My sister told him _.A.what day was it B.when the train arrived C.who she was waiting D.where did
44、you liveCBD638.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 9.Could you tell me how long _?A.you have bought the watch B.you have kept this science book C.have you been away from China D.have you been a member of Greener China10.He says that if it _ to
45、morrow,he _ fishing.A.will rain,wont go B.rained,wasnt go C.rains,wont go D.rain,will go BCD641._made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.A What/because B What/that C That/what D That/because2._she couldn t understand was _ fewer and fewer student
46、s showed interest in her lessons.A What/why B That/what C What/because D Why/that BAB3.He is absent from school.It is _ he is seriously ill.A.why B.because C.that D.the reason654 _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 5.Information has been put for
47、ward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A that B how C where D what DA666 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _you had a few days off?A why B when C what D where 7 Are you still thinking about yesterday s game?-Oh,thats _.A what makes me feel excited
48、B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited AA679._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A What B That C This D Which 10.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule:Always give th
49、e monkey exactly _ he wants.A what B which C when D that 11.We made the suggestion that he _ his work.A continues B continue C continued D had continued BAB6812.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.A.who B.whom C.whoever D.Whomever13.Mary wrote an article on _ the tea
50、m had failed to win the game.A.why B.what C.who D.that (05)14.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.(05)A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever6914.Many newspaper printed the governor s statement _ would support a tax cut.A.and he B.was that he C which he D that he 15._ man mus
