1、Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious.We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句 一一 什么什么 是宾语从句？是宾语从句？试比较宾语从句的概念宾语从句的概念 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。We know Mr Green teaches English.She asked if
2、these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素：二、宾语从句三要素：连连 接接 词词时时 态态语语 序序1.1.由从属连词由从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句3.3.由连接代词由连接代词 who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句2.由从属连词由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句宾语从句连接词宾语从句连接词:1.陈述句2.一般疑问句3.特殊疑问句that if/whether原有的连接代词原有的连接代词和连接副词和连接副词1.I he
3、ar(that)_.2.He said(that)_.3.The teacher told us(that)_ _.he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注：注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。当成分，在口语当中往往省略。around the sunObject clauses with thatWell have exams next Friday.Using sayI can help him.
4、The teacher says(that)well have exams next Friday.The girl says(that)she can help him.v1.April is the hottest month of the year.v (I believe)vI believe(that)April is the hottest month of the year.v2.It was a little crowded.v(I guess)v I guess(that)it was a little crowded.v3.The races were not that i
5、nteresting to watch.v (Bill thinks)vBill thinks(that)the races were not that interesting to watch.v4.The Water Festival is really fun.v(I know)v I know(that)the Water Festival is really fun.v5.Miss Liu will go to the beach tomorrow.v (I hear)vI hear(that)Miss Liu will go to the beach tomorrow.v6.The
6、 food was delicious.v (He says)v He says（that)the food was delicious.连词连词that不能省略的几种情况不能省略的几种情况 在由在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的引导的宾语从句中，宾语从句中，that则不能省略。则不能省略。1.从句的主语是从句的主语是
7、that。如：。如：He says that that is a real kings hat.他说那是一个真的王冠。他说那是一个真的王冠。2.that从句中含有主从复合句。如：从句中含有主从复合句。如：Im afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.3.主、从句之间有插入语时。如：主、从句之间有插入语时。如：It says here,on this card,that it was used in plays.卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。4.若出现两个或两上以上的由若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾
8、引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词连词that可以省略。如：可以省略。如：She said(that)she would come and that she would also bring her son.她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。1.These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars.2.Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars.3.People th
9、ink that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.4.We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system.5.The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.6.Some scientists do not believe that the journey to
10、Mars will be very comfortable.Which of the following sentences has an object clause?Is Jim in?Has she taken any medicine?Using wonderLi Lei wonders if Jim is in.The doctor wonders if she has taken some medicine.疑问句变宾语从句的步骤：疑问句变宾语从句的步骤：1、把句、把句子变为肯定句子变为肯定句1.Is Jim at home?Jim is at home.2.Is June a go
11、od time to visit Hong Kong?June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.3.Does he like sports?He likes sports.4.Will they play basketball after school?They will play basketball after school.变化方法：变化方法：主句主句+if/whether+一般疑问句。一般疑问句。if/whether 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句，表示，表示“是否是否”之义，之义，在句中不充当句子成份，在句中不充当句子成份，if/whether可互换。可
12、互换。2.在句子前加上从属连词在句子前加上从属连词 whether,if该一般疑问句要变为陈述句形式。该一般疑问句要变为陈述句形式。把下列各句变为宾语从句把下列各句变为宾语从句1.Is Jim at home?(I wonder)I wonder whether/if Jim is at home.2.Is June a good time to visit Hong Kong?(He wonders)He wonders whether/if June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.把下列各句变为宾语从句把下列各句变为宾语从句 3.Does he lik
13、e sports?(Do you know)Do you know whether he likes sports?4.Will they play basketball after school?(He asks)He asks whether they will play basketball after school.if和和whether引导宾语从句时，作引导宾语从句时，作“是否是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但但if常用于口语中，常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：比较正式。如：Millie asked if/whether
14、 he liked this sweater.米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain.渔民想知道天是否会下雨。渔民想知道天是否会下雨。Object clauses with if and whether由由if/whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句.if和和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把连接的是一般疑问句，因此
15、要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208?Could you tell me?Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?其次要注意时态变化：其次要注意时态变化：1.若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：态。如：He wants to know if/whether they had a good journey home.他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。2.若主句是一般过去时，
16、从句则用跟过去相若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：如：Did the train leave?She didnt know.She didnt know if/whether the train had left.if和和whether的区别的区别二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：1.宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用宾语从句置于句首表
17、示强调时，应用whether，不用，不用if。如：。如：Whether this is true or not,I cant say.这是否对，我不能说。这是否对，我不能说。2.宾语从句与宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用直接连用时，应用whether，不能用，不能用if。如：。如：I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否来。我不知道他明天是否来。3.与动词不定式连用时，只能用与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：。如：She cant decide whether to go to America.她不能
18、决定是否去美国。她不能决定是否去美国。4.从句作介词宾语时，只能用从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：。如：I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.我担心是否伤了她的感情。我担心是否伤了她的感情。5.宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用，不能用whether。如：。如：Tom wants to know if he wont come here tomorrow.汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。6.if意为意为“假如，如果假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状时，可以引导条
19、件状语从句，而语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如：没有这个用法。如：If Simon comes here tomorrow,Ill call you.假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。1.I dont know if Mr.Wang _on a field trip.If he _ on a field trip tomorrow,please call me.A.goes;will go B.will go;goes C.will go;will go D.goes;goes 2.She asked me if I knew _.A.whos
20、e pen was it B.whose pen it was C.whose pen it is D.whose pen is it BB3.They wondered if the teacher _ us English the next term.A.would teach B.had taught C.will teach D.taughtAChoose the right answers.5.I havent decide _ Ill go out or stay at home.A.if B.when C.why D.whether6.I want to know _ he lo
21、ves you.A.that B.what C.if D.whoDC4.The boy asked _ any noise from outside.A.whether had I heard B.whether I had heard C.whether have I heard D.whether I have heardBAC 7.I wondered _ our teacher was going to attend our party.A.whether B.why C.where D.that 8.Id like to know _ or not.A.whether will he
22、 come B.whether has he come C.whether he will come D.if he will come改为含宾语从句的复合句改为含宾语从句的复合句 1.Will the train arrive on time?I want to know.I want to know _ the train _ on time.2.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.will arriveif/whether came
23、 if/whether Complete the sentences.1.我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。We are wondering _ _ on Mars.2.你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？上去吗？Could you tell me _ to Mars?whether/if we canif/whether many peopleare going to movegrow plants3.我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。I dont know _ any washing at
24、home.4.我担心是否伤害了她的感情。我担心是否伤害了她的感情。I am worried about _.whether or not he doeswhether I hurt herfeelings1.Uncle Wang came up to see _ there was anything wrong with the machine.2.The shop keeper asked my father _ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.if/whetherwhether3.I dont know _ to go or
25、stay.4._ that is true,what should we do?whetherIf5._ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.WhetherComplete the sentences with if/whether.v宾语从句语序：陈述句语序宾语从句语序：陈述句语序v主句主句 +连连 接接 词词 +主语主语 +谓语谓语 +其他成分其他成分.把下列宾语从句变为否定句。把下列宾语从句变为否定句。1.I think that they are fun to watch.I dont t
26、hink that they are fun to watch.2.I believe April is the hottest month of the year.I dont believe April is the hottest month of the year.三、宾语从句的句型变化三、宾语从句的句型变化v宾语从句的句型变化一般体现在主宾语从句的句型变化一般体现在主句的变化上。句的变化上。vPlease tell me how I can go there.vCould you please tell me how I can go there?vDont tell me how
27、I can go there.四、宾语从句的四、宾语从句的否定转移否定转移：v如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,guess,suppose 等，等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句常要前移到主句中，即否定主句中的动词，而从句用肯定形式中的动词，而从句用肯定形式v即：即：主语为第一人称，否定在主主语为第一人称，否定在主句，翻译在从句。句，翻译在从句。Translate the following sentences.1.我认为不会下雨我认为不会下雨
28、I _ that it _.2.我认为你的答案不对我认为你的答案不对.I _your answer right.我们相信他还没走我们相信他还没走.We _ that he _.dont think will raindont thinkisdont believe has gonePractice:根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1.我认为玛丽不回来了。我认为玛丽不回来了。I dont think Mary _ _.2.山姆给我说他准备去上海。山姆给我说他准备去上海。Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.3.我想知道今天晚
29、上还有没有去北京的火车。我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing.willcome was leaving if/whether()1.I wonder _.Im afraid well be late.(2011山东青岛山东青岛)A.how we can be on time B.what we are going to do C.why we get to school late D.if we will arrive at the meeting on time中考链接中考链接D()2.Well pla
30、nt trees tomorrow,and I dont know_ Tom will come and join us.(2011天天津津)A.if B.which C.what D.whereA()3.Do you know _ tomorrow?Sorry,I dont know.You may surf the Internet.(2011湖南湘潭湖南湘潭)A.whether will it rain B.if it will rain C.whether does it rainB()4.Mum,can we go to the art museum tomorrow?Sure.Bu
31、t first we should find out _.(2011广西南宁市广西南宁市)A.what can we do B.where we can go C.how can we go there D.if it will be openD()5.We dont know _ the meeting will be held soon.(2011内蒙古包头内蒙古包头)A.when B.what C.whether D.since C()5.Mary,could you tell me if your mother _ our school sports meeting tomorrow?
32、I think she will come to school if she _ free.(2011山东滨州山东滨州)A.will take part in;will be B.takes part in;is C.will take part in;is D.takes part in;will beC()6.Do you know _ Guangzhou tomorrow?(2011肇庆肇庆)A.whether they leave for B.whether will they leave for C.whether they are leaving for C()7.Ive deci
33、ded to go to London next weekend.I was wondering _ you could go with me.(2011江西省江西省)A.if B.when C.that D.whereA()8.Do you think _ Xiao Ming can pass the high school entrance exam or not?Sorry,Ive no idea.(2011广西百色广西百色)A.that B.which C.if D.whetherD()9.He said that light _much faster than sound.(2011
34、山东枣庄山东枣庄)A.has travelled B.went C.travels D.travelledC()10.Over these years I have had a new understanding of _ people traditionally call a perfect person.(2012江苏淮安江苏淮安)A.how B.what C.who D.whomA()11.Can you tell me in the future?(2012江苏宿迁江苏宿迁)A.how life will be like B.how will life be like C.what l
35、ife will be like D.what will life be likeC()12.Do you know _?At the end of July.(2012江苏连云港江苏连云港)A.how soon is your sister running back home B.how often Nancy from her pen friend C.when the London Olympic Games will be held D.when will the new computer game come outC()13.-Peter,is there anything else
36、 you want to know about China?-Yes,I am still wondering _.(2012江苏江苏南京南京)A.how is Chinese paper cut made B.how was the Great Wall built in ancient times C.why the Chinese people like to play the dragon dance D.why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat FestivalC()14.We havent discuss
37、ed yet _.(2012江苏苏州江苏苏州)A.where we are going to put our new table B.where are we going to put our new table C.what we are going to put our new table D.what are we going to put our new tableA()15.I wonder _.(2012江苏镇江江苏镇江)A.if Dr Ma still works on the ORBIS plane B.how much does the tallest man in the
38、world weigh C.when Audrey Hepburn had entered the film industry D.that Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moonA()16.They wonder _ robots will make humans lose their jobs or not.(2013漳州漳州)A.that B.if C.whether()17.Our physics teacher told us light _ faster than sound.(2013 黔东南黔东南)A.travels B.traveled C.traveling D.to travelCA人有了知识，就会具备各种分析能力，明辨是非的能力。所以我们要勤恳读书，广泛阅读，古人说“书中自有黄金屋。”通过阅读科技书籍，我们能丰富知识，培养逻辑思维能力；通过阅读文学作品，我们能提高文学鉴赏水平，培养文学情趣；通过阅读报刊，我们能增长见识，扩大自己的知识面。有许多书籍还能培养我们的道德情操，给我们巨大的精神力量，鼓舞我们前进。
