1、绍兴文理学院元培学院外语系绍兴文理学院元培学院外语系QQ宝 http:/Psychology in Our Daily Life People are driven by irrational forces or primitive instincts.Inner struggle between instincts and conscience often led to disaster which was manifested in the form of personal tragedies such as murder and suicide or collective tragedi
2、es such as war.Sigmund FreudTask 1 A Story of a Chinese Idiom The following silent flash movie is about a Chinese idiom.Try to tell the story after seeing the movie.And say what psychological state the story tells us.Task 1 A Story of a Chinese IdiomAn Illusory Snake in a Goblet In Jin Dynasty there
3、 was a man named Yue Guang who was fond of drinking.One day,he invited a friend to his house to drink together.Suddenly,his friend saw the reflection of a snake swimming in the goblet.He got so much frightened that he took ill on bed after getting home.And neither any doctor or any medicine could cu
4、re his illness.When Yue Guang got to know the cause of his friends disease,he asked the friend to drink at his house again.Yue made his friend sit where he used to,pouring a goblet of alcohol for him,and asked him if there was any snake reflection in the goblet.There was still a“snake reflection”in
5、the goblet!Then Yue casually took away the bow hanging on the wall.This time,the“snake reflection”disappeared.“So it was the bow reflection that was in the goblet!”His friend at once got well from his illness.“An illusory snake in a goblet”is used to describe the psychological state of being frighte
6、ned caused by taking illusions as reality.Have you ever heard or experienced such stories like Yue Guangs friend,in which your psychological state influences your behavior or mood,etc.?Tell the class your story.The following are some adjectives related to the field of psychology or emotion.Choose a
7、word and write a one-sentence story to describe an experience that illustrates the adjectives chosen.The most embarrassing thing I did was to talk about the teacher when she was standing behind me!Task 2 BrainstormingOne-Sentence StoryA crazy thing I did was to go swimming,naked,in my neighbors pool
8、.Here are some adjectives for your references,and you can add more.Task 2 BrainstormingOne-Sentence Storyshocking,embarrassing,funny,happy,crazy,wonderful,ridiculous,terrible,comfortable,furious,panic,upset,angry,sad,disappointed,etc.Task 3 ListeningPsychology of ClothesIdentification:Based on what
9、you hear on the tape,match the person in Column I with the way one is dressed in Column II.1.a man feeling insecurity2.a person of minority origin3.a homesick student4.a young executive5.a sociable and outgoing persona.in warmer clothesb.in bright redsc.over-dressing in warm clothesd.unconventionall
10、ye.in dark blue suitColumn IColumn II “So you really believe that clothes carry a kind of message for other people and that what we put on is in some way a reflection of what we feel?”“Oh,yes,very much so.People are beginning now to take seriously the idea of a kind of psychology of clothing,to beli
11、eve that there is not just individual taste in our clothes but also a thinking behind what we wear which is trying to express something we may not even be aware of ourselves.Take for example the students who is away from home at college or university:if he tends to wrap himself up more than the othe
12、rs,this is because he is probably feeling homesick.Similarly,a general feeling of insecurity can sometimes take the form of over-dressing in warmer clothes than are necessary.”“Can you give any other examples of this kind?”“Yes.I think people who are sociable and outgoing tend to dress in an extrove
13、rt way,preferring brighter or more dazzling colorsyellows,bright reds,and so on.In the same way,often,minority groups,who have perhaps failed to persuade with words,tend to express themselves by wearing unconventional,or what some might consider outrageous clothing.And in a recent survey it was sugg
14、ested that employers prefer young executives to stick to grey,black and dark blue suits if they are men.”Task 4 Video ClipAbout the movie A handsome psychiatrist(Gregory Peck)arrives as the new director of a posh mental asylum.But he seems unusually distressed by the parallel marks,left by a fork,on
15、 a white tablecloth.Doctor Peterson(Ingrid Bergman)comes to the correct conclusion that Peck is not the new director,but a profoundly disturbed amnesiacand,possibly,the murderer of the real director.Gradually falling in love with Peck,Bergman believes in Pecks innocence,and attempts throughout the r
16、emaining reels to get to the root of his psychological problemsDiscussion Questions:1.What is the root of the new director(Peck)s psychological problem?2.Has it ever happened to you that some of your former experiences greatly influence your later behaviors psychologically?A merry heart goes all the
17、 way.A light heart lives long.Once bitten,twice shy.Task 5 Proverbs and Sayings静以修身。静以修身。心旷神怡，事事顺利。心旷神怡，事事顺利。一遭被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。一遭被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。Can you offer the reasons why placebos do not always work?The success of the placebo treatment seems to depend a lot on the relationship between the doctor and the pat
18、ient.If the patient trusts the doctor very much and if the doctor is actually expected to help the patient,then the placebo is more likely to work.What are the bad effects of a placebo?If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine,then they will show a bad reaction to the placebo as well.This would
19、seem to show that how you react to medicine is in your mind instead of in your body.Part I Introduction(Para.12)What is placebo?Part II The study of the placebo(Para.37)Placebo is a sugar pill,a harmless shot,or an empty capsule.Even though they have no medicine in them,these things seem to make peo
20、ple well.A.One explanation:The placebo works because the human mind fools itself.B.The other explanation:The placebo makes the wish to get better become reality.C.The most powerful placebo of all:The doctor.Supporting evidence:First group(led by a doctor):70%of them got better.Second group(led by a
21、nurse):Only 25%.Part III Different cases in which a placebo may work(Para.89)The placebo has been found to work with seasickness,coughs,colds and pains after an operation.Supporting evidence:The first group were given nothing at all.Result:The first group showed no changes from the way old people in
22、 that village had always been.The second group were given a placebo.Result:The second group had much better health and a lower death rate.The third group were given a real drug which was said to be able to help with the problems of old age.Result:The third group showed much the same results as the g
23、roup that took the placebo.Some doctors think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used.Part V Conclusion(Para.12)The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is.The use of the placebo has been known for hundreds of yea
24、rs in other countries.Part IV Two opposite attitudes towards the use of a placebo (Para.1011)All China needs now is peace and stability.All I remember about my hometown is the river in which I swam with some of my friends.。i s w h e t h e r m y company can make profit from the trade.我所关心的是公司是否能从这笔买卖
25、中获利我所关心的是公司是否能从这笔买卖中获利。完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。All I care about i s t h a t peace and development are the theme of the world future.All we can expect有时候病人所需要的只是一个一有时候病人所需要的只是一个一切都会好的保证。切都会好的保证。The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor.Many of
26、the“treatments”they use do not seem able to make a sick person better,and yet such treatments work.It seems that everybody knows the rules for success,but few can practice them.似乎人人都知道成功的法则，但很似乎人人都知道成功的法则，但很少有人能那样做。少有人能那样做。这种疗法成功与否在很大程度上似乎取决于病人与医生之这种疗法成功与否在很大程度上似乎取决于病人与医生之间的关系。间的关系。(Line 24)他们采用的很多他
27、们采用的很多“疗法疗法”看似不可能治好病人，但是确实看似不可能治好病人，但是确实有有效。效。（Line 56）it will rain.天好像要下雨了。天好像要下雨了。完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。It seems as if College graduates today .seem to care a lot about the form of the resume ,but actually when you take it for granted,you will make mistakes.Such a question seems pretty simple如果病人们以为他们得到
28、了药物治疗，如果病人们以为他们得到了药物治疗，他们似乎就会充满希望。他们似乎就会充满希望。这两家公司决定合作开发这一新这两家公司决定合作开发这一新产品。产品。The rules we discussed just now dont work with this question.我们我们刚才讨论的那些规则不适合这道题。刚才讨论的那些规则不适合这道题。These two companies decided to work with each other on the development of the new product.完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。Many companies are
29、 looking for opportunities to _.许多企业正寻求与大专院校合作的机会。许多企业正寻求与大专院校合作的机会。work with colleges and universities This strategy of developing vocabulary doesnt work with college students at all.人们已经发现安慰剂能在很多不同的人们已经发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。病例中发挥作用。That senior herbalist doctor prescribed needle therapy for him.could
30、 not take her out of the fact that she had already lost the opportunity to take part in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.她的支持者们给予她的安慰她的支持者们给予她的安慰也无法让她也无法让她直面无缘直面无缘20082008年北京奥运会的现实年北京奥运会的现实。完成下面的句子。完成下面的句子。The reassurance from her supportersq 强调强调让让某人深信某人深信某事，某事，后可接后可接that从句以及从句以及of短语短语。We tried to assure
31、that customer that all the laptop computers sold in our company were authorized by Apple Corporation of America.我们尽力我们尽力说服说服那位顾客，使他深信我们公那位顾客，使他深信我们公司销售的所有笔记本电脑都是经过美国苹司销售的所有笔记本电脑都是经过美国苹果公司授权的。果公司授权的。Governments at all levels must take steps to ensure that most of the Chinese-language porn websites(色情
32、网站)can be closed in this campaign.各级政府必须采取措施以各级政府必须采取措施以确保确保在这次行动中大部分的中文在这次行动中大部分的中文色情网站能够被取缔。色情网站能够被取缔。That hospital can cure some types of cancer.那家医院可以那家医院可以治愈治愈某些癌症。某些癌症。Teachers try to cure some students of bad habits.老师们努力帮助一些学生老师们努力帮助一些学生改掉改掉坏习惯。坏习惯。Time can help her heal all her sorrows.时间可以
33、帮她时间可以帮她医治医治所有的忧伤。所有的忧伤。The doctor is treating me for influenza.那位医生正在给我那位医生正在给我医治医治流感。流感。Western medicine tends to treat symptoms and not the cause.西医常常西医常常治治标不标不治治本。本。这个病人非常相信这位这个病人非常相信这位医生。医生。The patient has a lot of trust in the doctor.这个药对很多不同的病这个药对很多不同的病症有效。症有效。The medicine works with a lot of
34、 different cases.开启了开启了方面的新的方面的新的知识领域知识领域to open up new knowledge about你可以用你的精神力量你可以用你的精神力量来治愈你的身体。来治愈你的身体。You can heal your body by using your mind.更强烈的愿望更强烈的愿望a stronger will引申翻译法引申翻译法 英译汉时，有时会遇到某些词在词典上无法英译汉时，有时会遇到某些词在词典上无法找到适当的意思对应，如果任意翻译，生拉硬套，找到适当的意思对应，如果任意翻译，生拉硬套，会使译文生硬晦涩，不能表达原意，甚至造成误会使译文生硬晦涩，不
35、能表达原意，甚至造成误解。这时应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根解。这时应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引申，选择适当的汉语本含义出发，进一步加以引申，选择适当的汉语词语来表达。以下介绍抽象与具体转换互译法。词语来表达。以下介绍抽象与具体转换互译法。从具体到抽象转换法从具体到抽象转换法 英语中，常常用英语中，常常用一个表示具体形象的一个表示具体形象的词来表示一种属性、词来表示一种属性、一个事物或一种概念。一个事物或一种概念。这类词语在翻译时，这类词语在翻译时，可作抽象化处理，使可作抽象化处理，使译文流畅、自然。译文流畅、自然。恐怖分子的性格既恐怖分子的性格既残暴残暴又又
36、狡猾狡猾。The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new erathe Industrial Age.Money had become King.机器的发明将世界带入了工业时代，在这个新纪元机器的发明将世界带入了工业时代，在这个新纪元中金钱中金钱主宰主宰一切。一切。Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活都有每个人的生活都有苦苦有有甜甜。There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the terr
37、orists.从抽象到具体转换法从抽象到具体转换法 英语中也有用代表抽象概念或属英语中也有用代表抽象概念或属性的词语来表示一种具体事物，翻译性的词语来表示一种具体事物，翻译时可作具体化处理。时可作具体化处理。The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green.前面那辆车停住了，致使我错过了前面那辆车停住了，致使我错过了绿灯绿灯。The experience of studying abroad was his entree to the new government.海外留学的经历成为他进入新政府的海外留学的经历成为他进入新政府的敲门砖敲
38、门砖。The wedding,which Hayward still remembered with pride,was attended by a Whos Who of Boston Society.参加婚礼的人士皆为波士顿社会参加婚礼的人士皆为波士顿社会名流名流。赫华德。赫华德回想起婚礼，仍感到非常得意。回想起婚礼，仍感到非常得意。衔接自如，逻辑连贯。衔接自如，逻辑连贯。1.1.语法手段。如照应、替代、省略等。语法手段。如照应、替代、省略等。2.2.词汇手段。如在语篇中，某一词以原词、同义词、词汇手段。如在语篇中，某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词的形式重复出近义词、上
39、义词、下义词、概括词的形式重复出现，以相互衔接。衔接得当会起到现，以相互衔接。衔接得当会起到“润滑剂润滑剂”的的作用。作用。语篇连贯语篇连贯(二二)1.1.用过渡词表明句子间正确的逻辑关系。有意识地使用用过渡词表明句子间正确的逻辑关系。有意识地使用一些表示时间、顺序、列举、增进、转折、对比、因一些表示时间、顺序、列举、增进、转折、对比、因果等意义的逻辑手段。果等意义的逻辑手段。2.2.重复主要词或短语并使代词指代关系明确。重复主要词或短语并使代词指代关系明确。“连贯连贯”存在于文章底层，能够通过逻辑推理手段来存在于文章底层，能够通过逻辑推理手段来达到。作文时可采用下述三种方法达到连贯：达到。作
40、文时可采用下述三种方法达到连贯：3.3.按句子本身自然顺序或逻辑顺序安排句子。综述时按句子本身自然顺序或逻辑顺序安排句子。综述时要把问题说明、说透。问题的重要性按由大到小要把问题说明、说透。问题的重要性按由大到小（递减）或由小到大（递增）的方向排列，事实按（递减）或由小到大（递增）的方向排列，事实按过程或因果方式举出，使层次分明。过程或因果方式举出，使层次分明。提示：提示：过多过滥使用逻辑关联词会使段落发展显得累赘笨拙。过多过滥使用逻辑关联词会使段落发展显得累赘笨拙。对逻辑关联词的选用要根据内容需要对逻辑关联词的选用要根据内容需要“精打细算精打细算”、疏、疏密得当，做到自然贴切。密得当，做到自
41、然贴切。你在写下列作文时，怎样注意连贯与衔接？你在写下列作文时，怎样注意连贯与衔接？Directions:So far you have learned quite a lot about how psychology works in different cases.Write a composition entitled:College Students Should Have a Healthy Mind in a Healthy Body.You should write at least 120 words.Remember to write neatly.1.1.一些大学生有心理问
42、题；一些大学生有心理问题；2.2.大学生应保持心理健康；大学生应保持心理健康；3.3.因此，因此，College Students Should Have a Healthy Mind in a Healthy Body When they experience major turning points in their lives,some college students have hidden mental problems.These problems may result from academic pressure,anxiety about interpersonal relat
43、ionships,love failure or career-related matters.Without parents immediate help or teachers adequate guidance,a lot of physical and emotional disorders touch them.They suffer from depression(抑郁抑郁症症),sleep disorders or poor academic performance.Anxious hearts,hopeless minds and even nervous breakdowns
44、(神经衰弱神经衰弱)chase them.Mental health is part of the most valuable wealth students can ever have.On campus students learn to reason and act with wisdom.With a healthy mind in a healthy body,they can challenge all hardships later in life.Todays competitive world needs more versatile talents(多面手，多多面手，多才多
45、艺的英才才多艺的英才),especially those who are firm-willed and have confidence in themselves.Therefore,all sides concerned(有关各方有关各方)should make joint efforts to help students solve their mental problems.Schools may offer optional courses(选修课选修课)and establish campus counseling(咨询咨询)center to help students.Pare
46、nts,teachers and classmates could encourage them to go to psychological clinic.Students must develop a positive mental attitude and be more optimistic.We believe those who have mental health can do great things in the future.I.IELTS 作文题目作文题目 Topic:Nowadays,people are facing more and more work-relate
47、d stress.State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to solve it.You should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task.You should write a minimum of 250 words.You should use your own ideas,knowledge and experience to support your arguments with examples and
48、 relevant evidence.II.TOEFL作文题目作文题目1Directions:You will have thirty minutes to plan and write an essay on the topic given below.Use the first few minutes to read the topic carefully and think about what kind of essay you will write.You may use the space immediately below the essay topic to make note
49、s.Write your essay on the lined pages that follow.You will have enough space if you write on every line and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size.People have different ways of relaxing.Some people like to go out walking.Others like to read,sleep,eat,listen to music,or watch television.Some peop
50、le play sports or watch sports,while others dance and sing.What are some good ways to relax when you are not working?Describe some ways to relax that you are familiar with.Why are they good ways to relax?Explain your answer by giving examples.III.TOEFL作文题目作文题目 2 Directions:You will have thirty minut
