1、Unit 1 ArtGrammar:Subjunctive Mood lIf the rules of perspective had not been discovered,no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.lWithout the new paints and the new technique,we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.lWithout the Impr
2、essionists,many of these painting styles might not exist.虚拟语气虚拟语气 情景与事实（包括过去、现在或未来）相反，这种语气叫虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。if引导的引导的虚拟虚拟条件句条件句If she invited me now,I would go to the party.假如她现在邀请我参加聚会，我就去。If she had invited me yesterday,I would have gone to the party.假如她昨天邀请我
3、参加聚会，我就去了。If she should invite me tomorrow,I would go to the part如果她明天邀请我参加聚会，我会去的。if条件句中条件句中的谓语动词的谓语动词 主句主句的谓语动词的谓语动词 动词用过去形式动词用过去形式(be动词用动词用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形动词原形1.对现在的虚拟对现在的虚拟 If I were you,I would/could/should/might do that.If I had money,I would/could/should/might buy that house
4、.If I met Yang Liwei in the flesh now,I would/could/might/should _.if条件句中的谓语动词条件句中的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词 had doneshould/would/could/might+have done2.对过去的虚拟对过去的虚拟If I had known that yesterday,I would/could/should/might have told you.If she hadnt eaten so much candy,she wouldnt have had her teeth pulled
5、 out.If I _ busy last night,I _ to see thefilm with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he _ more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday.would not have had had driven If I _(know)your telephone number,I _ (telephone)you yesterday.had knownwould have telephonedif条件句中的谓语动词条件句中的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词 1.动
6、词过去式动词过去式(be动词动词用用were)2.should+动词原形动词原形3.were to+动词原形动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形动词原形 3.与将来事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设If it should rain,the crops should/would/could/might be saved.If Ibecamewere to become should becomea scientist in the future,对将来情况的虚拟：对将来情况的虚拟：I would try to find a cure for cancer.要是将来
7、我成了一名科学家，我就会努力找出治疗癌症的方法。时间时间 if 条件条件从句从句谓语谓语 主句主句 谓语谓语现在现在 过去过去 将来将来Fill in the blankswould/could/should/might+动词原形动词原形动词过去式动词过去式(be动词用动词用were)had+过去分词过去分词would/could/should/might+have+过去分词过去分词would/could/should/might+动词原形动词原形1.动词过去式动词过去式(be用用were)2.should+动词原形动词原形3.were to+动词原形动词原形1.如果你早来如果你早来5 5分钟
8、分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。你就赶上这趟车了。If you _ here five minutes earlier,you _ the bus.2.如果我现在不忙如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。我就来帮你了。If I _ not busy,I _ you now.3.如果明天下雪了如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？我们怎么办？What _ we do if it _tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshouldwere to snowwould have caught1.If I _ a map,I would lend it to you.A.have B.had C.shou
9、ld D.would2.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.A.would have missed B.had missed C.would miss D.missedIf型特例：省略型特例：省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句用法：用法：虚拟条件句中有 were,had 或 should 时，可省略if，而把were,had,should放在句首,用倒装结构。(否定句中not不提到前面来)3.If you had not helped me，I should have failed.2.If he should fail in the experi
10、ment this time,he would try again.1.If I were you,I would not do that.Were I you,I would not do that.Should he fail in the experiment this time,he would try again.Had you not helped me,I should have failed.1._ he come,the problem would be settled.A.Would B.Should C.Shall D.If 2._,man could not live
11、at all.A.Were it not for the sun B.If it was for the sun C.Had it not been for the sun D.If it shouldnt be for the sun B A 3._,everything would have been all right.A.He had been here B.Here he had been C.Been here he had D.Had he been here 4._ fired,your health care and other benefits will not be im
12、mediately cut off.A.would you be B.should you be C.could you be D.might you be D B 时间时间 if 条件条件从句从句谓语谓语 主句主句 谓语谓语现在现在 过去过去 将来将来Fill in the blankswould/could/should/might+动词原形动词原形动词过去式动词过去式(be动词用动词用were)had+过去分词过去分词would/could/should/might+have+过去分词过去分词would/could/should/might+动词原形动词原形1.动词过去式动词过去式(be
13、用用were)2.should+动词原形动词原形3.were to+动词原形动词原形二、虚拟语气特殊句型二、虚拟语气特殊句型:、wish wish 后面的宾语从句中。后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望其谓语动词形式为：其谓语动词形式为：wish 的的宾语从宾语从句句现在现在:过去时过去时(did/were)过去过去:过去完成时过去完成时(had done)未来未来:would/could/might/should+V.(原原)I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthda
14、y.I wish I were as tall as Yao Ming.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟：从句动的虚拟：从句动词常用词常用“had过去分词过去分词”。The party was terrible,I wish I had never gone to it.I wish it would rain tomorrow.和将来相反，用和将来相反，用would+动词原形动词原形nHe is not a millionaire but he _ he were.A.wishes B.hopes
15、 C.longs D.believesnI wish that I _ visit my uncle the day after tomorrow.A.shall B.have C.would D.am going tonI wish it _ spring all the year round.A.will be B.were C.be D.isnI wish I _ to that university with you yesterday.A.would go B.went C.did go D.had gone我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。I wish I wer
16、e ten years younger now.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。我昨天要是遇见他就好了。I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。我希望成为一名科学家。I wish I would be a scientist.2.would rather that现在现在:过去过去:未来未来:I would rather you paid me now.I would rather I hadnt come yesterday.I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时3.as if/tho
17、ugh+从句从句 现在现在：过去过去：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时 She loves the baby as if it were her own son.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。They talked as if they had been friends for years.他看上去像是醉了。他看上去像是醉了。He looks as if he were drunk.她看起来似乎是冰做的。她看起来似乎是冰做的。She looked as
18、 if she had been made of ice.我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。4.Its(about/high)time+that过去时过去时(were)should(不省不省)+V.你该走了。你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.5.表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should+动词原形动词原形，或者将，或者将should省
19、略省略。常见动词常见动词:一个坚持，两个命令，一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即三个建议，四个要求。即1)insist 2)order,command 3)advise,suggest,propose4)demand,require,request,askI suggest that we(should)hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he(should)be sent there.注意：注意：suggest 当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明”讲时，讲时，insist 表示表示“坚持说坚持说”“”“坚持认为坚持认为”之意时，应用陈述
20、语气。之意时，应用陈述语气。suggest表示表示“建议建议”，insist 表示表示“坚持要某人做某事坚持要某人做某事”时，用虚拟语气。时，用虚拟语气。1)The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2)He insisted that she _(be)seriously ill and that _(send)to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3)He suggested that we _(have)a meeting at once.4)His pale face sugges
21、ted that he _(be)ill.havewas 在在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request 等等名词后的表语和同位语从句中名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用要用“should动词原形动词原形”should可以省略可以省略在表要求，命令等的名词在表要求，命令等的名词用于表语从句和同用于表语从句和同位语从句位语从句My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.My suggestion that we(should)have a meeting has be
22、en accepted by others.We all agree to the suggestion that the meeting(should)be put off.6.Its necessary/strange/natural/important/a pity/no wonder/impossible+that 从句从句,从句中的动词要用虚拟，即从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形动词原形我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.7.If
23、 only 引导的感叹句（要是该引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊有多好啊)表示现在的情况表示现在的情况,应用过去式应用过去式;如果是过去的情况如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态应用过去完成时态 If only I were a flying bird!要是我看过那部电影就好了！要是我看过那部电影就好了！If only I had seen the film!现在现在：过去过去：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时Choose the best answer:1.It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages.A.could
24、 b.can C.should D.would2.He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm.A.be finished B.will finish C.must be finished3.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China.A.would be B.has been C.should be D.wasCAA4.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A.did;set B.had do
25、ne;should be set C.should do;be set D.had done;must be set5.Had you listened to the doctor,you _ all right now.A.are B.were C.would be D.would have been6.You _ come earlier.The bus left a moment ago.A.would B.should have C.may D.have BBcHomeworkTextbook:P5,P13,P43,P51Review what we learnt today.If i
26、t _ last night,the ground _ wet now.要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。had rainedwould be错综虚拟错综虚拟条件条件句句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫这种条件句叫错综虚拟条件句错综虚拟条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。如果
27、他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice.假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。办了。If I had spoken to him yesterday,I should know what to do now.假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。If I were you,I would not have broken the glass.8.在含有在含有If it were not fo
28、r(与现在相反）与现在相反）或或If it had not been for（与过去相反）（与过去相反）条件句的虚拟语气中。条件句的虚拟语气中。nIf it were not for the rain,the crops would die.含蓄虚拟含蓄虚拟要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。If it had not been for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help=Without your help=Had it not been for your help
