1、Module DInterpretation of Career English Introduction for Interpretation of Career English 专业英语翻译简介 v专业翻译是指把科技文章由原作语言(source language)用译文语言(target language)忠实、准确、严谨、完整地再现出来的一种语言活动,它要求翻译者在具有一定专业基础知识(the knowledge of your major)和英语技能的前提下,借助于一本合适的英汉科技字典(A dictionary for science and technology)来完成整个翻译过程
2、。专业翻译直接应用于科技和工程,因而对翻译的质量具有极高的要求,翻译上的失之毫厘,工程中就有可能差之千里,造成巨大的损失。v翻译标准是评价译文质量的尺度,综合起来有以下4点。(1)翻译首先要做到忠实、准确,要“信”,在表达上保持原作的风格和文体。例如:The importance of computer in the use of digital communication can not be overestimated.误:计算机在数字通信应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。正:对计算机在数字通信应用上的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。(2)要做到通顺、流畅,要“达”。这是指译文应通顺易懂,符合汉语的
3、规范。例如:The differences between single-board microcomputer and single-chip microcomputer do not stop there.误:单板机和单片机的差别不停留在那里。正:单板机和单片机的差别不仅于此。忠实和通顺是辩证统一的关系,要防止翻译上的形式主义。如:Amplification means the transformation of little currents into big ones,without distortion of the shape of current fluctuation.误:放大
4、意味着由小电流到大电流的转变,而电流起伏的形状没有歪曲。正:所谓放大,就是把小电流变为大电流,而又不使电流波形失真。(3)译文在忠实和通顺的基础上还应注意文采,要“雅”。要讲修辞,使译文在逻辑上严谨而流畅,语言上优美而易懂。例如:在译文中灵活使用汉语中的成语或俗语,如vice versa译为“反之亦然”,It is well known that译为“众所周知”,It was said译为“据说”等。(4)无论翻译或阅读,都要有较高的翻译速度,也就是“捷”。速度越快,获取的信息量也就越大,效率也就越高。Unit 24 Interpretation of Specialty Courses v根
5、据国家教委颁布的电工电子专业目录(Major Catalogue),电工电子专业的基础课和专业课有:v电路(Theory of Circuit)v模拟电子技术(Analog Electronics Technology)v数字电子技术(Digital Electronics Technology)v电力电子技术(Power Electronics Technology)v电磁场(Electromagnetic Field)v电工测量(Electric Measurement)v电机学(Theory of Electric Motors)v自动控制理论(Automatic Control The
6、ory)v现代控制理论(Modern Control Theory)专业课程名称的翻译v微机原理(Principle of Microcomputer)v计算机控制技术(Computer Control Techniques)v自动调节装置(Automatic Regulators)v过程控制系统(Process Control System)v电气自动控制(Electrical Automatic Control)v电力拖动基础(Fundamental of Electric Drive)v交流调速系统(AC Motor Speed Regulating System)v电力拖动自动控制系统
7、(Automatic Control System for Electric Drive)v单片机应用(Application of Single-chip Computer)v可编程控制器系统(Programmable Logical Controller System)v供电技术(Power Supplying Technology)v计算机仿真(Computer Simulation)v楼宇自动化(Building Automation)v线性系统(Linear System)v自适应控制(Adaptive Control System)v系统辨识(System Identificati
8、on)v模糊控制与神经元网络(Fuzzy Control and Neutral Network)v电气CAD(Electrical CAD)v计算机多媒体与网络技术(Multimedia and Network Technique)v数字通信(Digital Telecommunications)v光纤通信(Fiber Optic Communications)v模拟通信(Analogue Communications)v卫星通信(Satellite Communications)v无线通信(Radio Communications)v声像技术(Audio and Visual Techno
9、logy)v数据通信(Data Communications)v移动通信(Mobile Communications)v多媒体通信(Multimedia Communications)v信号与系统(Signal and System)Interpretation of Verbs 动词的翻译 一、一般句子的翻译v专业英语中大部分谓语动词、非谓语动词都可以直译为汉语动词,但是有些动词不宜直译,应根据句子语言环境和汉语表达习惯处理成名词或副词。例如:vTo delete a subdirectory,the directory must be empty.v要删除子目录,必须清空目录。(直译)vI
10、n 1969,Ken Thompson of the Research Group at Bell Laboratories succeeds in developing the first version of Unix.v1969年,贝尔实验室研究小组的肯汤普森成功地研制了UNIX操作系统的第一版本。(转译为副词)二、复合结构的翻译v(1)动词不定式作句子主语或采用形式主语结构,转译成汉语的动宾结构或状语。例如:It wont take one second for a computer to execute such complicated calculation.计算机执行如此复杂的计
11、算任务不会超过1s钟。v(2)分词复合结构作定语时,如果短语较长或与其说明的关系不密切,可转译为汉语并列关系的分词。例如:Devices requiring longer time between data exchanges,such as a printer,can also use programmed I/O.有些设备,像打印机,要求数据交换时间间隔较长,它们也可以使用编程I/O。In a typical printer,running at 100 characters per second,this printing process takes 10ms.一个典型的打印机当以每秒1
12、00字符的速度打印时,这个打印过程需要10ms。v(3)动名词复合结构一般可以照译,例如:What troubles him is the computers not being able to connect to the network.令他烦恼是计算机无法连接到网络。v有时也把动名词复合结构翻译成并列分句,例如:His deleting the file by mistake led to system collapse.他错误地删除了文件,导致系统崩溃。Expressions of Passive Voice被动语态的几种表达方式v(1)典型的“be+动词过去分词”的被动结构,这种句子
13、往往在翻译中加入“被、由、受、用”等词以表达被动的意思,一般采用直译的方法,例如:The parts of CPU are usually connected by an electronic component referred to as a bus.中央处理器的各部件通常是由一种(被)称为总线的电子器件连接的。v(2)带as的常用结构和其他常用被动语态的词组,如:It is said/told that据说,有人说It should be pointed out as应当指出be regarded as 被看作be classified as被划分为be known as 被认为是be
14、described as 被描述为be made of 由构(制)成Each instruction is composed of an operation code and one or more operands.每个指令由一个操作码和至少一个操作数构成。v(3)英语中有一些词汇,如find,need,consist,build,catch等,在其构成句中无明显的被动结构,但是在翻译时要有被动含义,例如:The processor consists of a clock,an instruction control unit,an arithmetic and logic unit,and
15、 a set of registers.处理器由时钟、指令控制器、算术逻辑部件和一组寄存器组成。Since the third generation of computers,the integrated circuit finds wide application in computers.自第三代计算机以来,集成电路在计算机方面得到了广泛的应用。v(4)非谓语结构在专业英语中使用很广,有时也用来表达被动意思,例如:Programmer only needs to tell the computer what to be executed.程序员只需告诉计算机执行什么任务。Once your
16、 floppy disk being formatted,it can be used to store data.软盘一经格式化后就可以用来储存数据。Translating Methods翻译方法 一、顺译v1顺译即不改变英文语序The ROM is used in applications requiring that information be stored over a long period of time with no change.ROM用于要求信息长期存储而不作任何改变的场合。v2添加动作的施行者Network is found the most important way
17、 of information transmission nowadays.人们发现网络已成为当今信息传输最重要的途径。v3翻译无人称的主动句The virus has been reproduced automatically in this hard disk.硬盘中的病毒已经自动复制了。二、正反译v1英语从正面表达,汉语从反面翻译Be sure to turn off the power when you closed the computer.使用完计算机后,别忘了关电源。Some of the stories were really more than could be believ
18、ed.一些情节令人难以置信。v2英语从反面表达,汉语从正面翻译You can never be careful about English-Chinese translation.英汉翻译是越仔细越好。v3分译 分译,即把一个英语句子拆开,译成两个以上的汉语分句。His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to production.他没有注意安全规则,由此造成了生产事故。v4合译 合译,即把两个或多个简单句翻译成一个汉语句子。例如:The floppy disk that we discussed
19、 in the previous sections have the advantage that they are relatively inexpensive and removable.前面说的软盘具有价格便宜、携带方便的优点。Expressions of Numbers and Quantity数字与数量的表达科技英语中具有大量的数字、数据、公式以及计算等,掌握数字和数量的表达方法有助于理解和翻译好文章。一、表达数字、数量的专业词汇v1计算机英语中常见数字词汇和缩写词汇word字byte字节bit 二进制位digital数位 field字段KB=kilo bytes千字节 Kb=kil
20、o bits 千字比特MBps=mega bytes per second每秒兆字节Mbps=mega bits per second每秒兆比特addaddition加subtractsubtraction 减multiplymultiplication 乘 dividedivision除multiple倍数sum和difference差v2包含数字、数量的前缀,构成大量含有数概念的词汇semisemiconductor半导体 hemihemicycle半圆uniunicode单一码monomonochrome单色bibinary 二进制 didiode二极管 tritriangle 三角形
21、二、百分数表达v百分数用“by+数字+percent”的形式表达,也可以用数字,也可以用文字书写,例如:It was said the price of laser printer was increased by 20 percent.据说激光打印机的价格上涨了百分之二十。More than 80%of their software products were sold to developed countries.他们80%以上的软件产品销往发达国家。三、倍数的表达v1倍数的表达倍数的表达多采用比较结构:x times asasx times the size或length,width,h
22、eight,depth,amount ofx times+比较级+than 例如:(1)This substance reacts three times as fast as the other one.这种物质的反应速度是另一种物质的3倍。(2)The efficiency of this machine is twice higher than that of the other one.这台机器的效率比另一台机器效率高2倍。v2数字增减表示法increase表示“增加”或“提高”,一般使用“increase by x times”或“increase to”结构;而表示“减少”或“降低”,也常使用“decrease by x times”或“decrease to”结构。例如:(1)The number of TV in family has increased by hundreds of times.家用电视机的数量增加了几百倍。(2)The output was decreased by 15 percent.出口量减少了15%。