1、3/21/20201英语数字的读写1.各类英语数字的读写2.英语数字的书写规则3.常用单位读法4.练习3/21/20202一、数词的分类I 基数词1)20以上的数字21 Twenty-one78 Seventy-eight99 Ninety-nineMarch 21,20203一、数词的分类2)100以上的数字在英国英语中一定用and,但在美国英语中and往往略去。不定冠词“a”只在数的开头才和hundred,thousand等连用。101 a/one hundred(and)one121 a/one hundred(and)twenty-one999 nine hundred(and)nin
2、ety-nine3/21/20204一、数词的分类3)1000以上的数字逆向第一个逗号读thousand;向左再推三位,第二个逗号读million;第三个逗号读billion;第四个逗号就是trillion。1001 a/one thousand(and)one1121 one thousand one hundred(and)twenty-one9999 Nine thousand nine hundred(and)ninety-nine4,302,000,000 four billion three hundred(and)two million1,000,000,000,000 a tr
3、illion,one trillion2,782,234,467 two billion,seven hundred and eighty-two million,two hundred and thirty-four thousand,four hundred and sixty-seven.3/21/20205一、数词的分类II 序数词20th twentieth21st twenty-first25th twenty-fifth100th hundredth101st hundred and first225th two hundred(and)twenty-fifth 2034th t
4、wo thousand and thirty-fourth 第二千零三十四10,000th ten thousandth第一万1,000,000th (one)millionth第一百万1,000,000,000,000 billionth第十亿3/21/20206二、时刻表示法1.英语中时间的表达方法主要有直接法和借用介词法等。美英用法基本相似,只是英国用past之处,美国通常用after;英国用to之处,美国常用before。3/21/20207直接法借用介词法07:54 Seven fifty-foursix to eight 08:15 eight fifteena quarter p
5、ast eight09:30 nine thirtyhalf past nine09:45 nine forty-fivea quarter to ten 10:03 ten oh threethree(minutes)past ten20:58twenty fifty-eighttwo to twenty-one23:55twenty-three fifty-fivefive to midnight二、时刻表示法2.表示正点的用法。11:00 at 11 oclock sharp12:00 twelve hundred hours/at noon/midday24:00 at midnigh
6、tThe meeting starts at 3 oclock sharp;dont be late!会议三点正准时开始;不要迟到!3/21/20208二、时刻表示法3.当用于军事命令和旅行时间表时,其读法如下:07:00 (Oh)seven hundred hours =7:00am09:15 (Oh)nine fifteen =9:15am13:45 thirteen forty-five =1:45pm19:00 nineteen hundred hours =7:00 pm23:05 twenty-three(Oh)five =11:05pm24:00 twenty-four hund
7、red hours =midnighta.m.=ante meridiem(Lat)=before midday 拉丁 午前,上午p.m.=post meridiem=(Lat 拉丁)after midday 下午3/21/20209三、年月日表示法1.世纪可用定冠词+序数词+世纪 century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加s表示the sixth(6th)century 公元六世纪the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世纪the 1900s 二十世纪the 1600s 十七世纪这里,用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。The period
8、1900-1999 is the twentieth century.1900年至1999年这一段时期为二十世纪。3/21/202010三、年月日表示法2.年代定冠词+基数词表示的世纪+十位整数的复数形式in the 1930s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或in the nineteen thirties)在二十世纪三十年代in the 1860s(in the sixties of the 19th century或in the eighteen sixties)在十九世纪六十年代In the 1870s when Marx was al
9、ready in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时,他发现研究俄国的形势很重要,便开始学习俄语。3/21/202011三、年月日表示法表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后,年代前添加early,mid-,latein the early 1920s 在二十世纪二十年代早期in the mid-1950s 在二十世纪五十年代中期Our handsome Mr.Huang was born in
10、 the mid-1950s.Hes in his fifties(=between 50 and 59 years old).我们英俊的黄工出生于二十世纪五十年代中期。他现在50多岁。3/21/202012三、年月日表示法3.年份数字表示的年份通常分成两半来说。2000BCtwo thousand BC1558 fifteen fifty-eight1603 six teen(hundred and)three 或sixteen oh three253 two hundred and fifty-three 或two fifty-three1902 nineteen hundred and
11、two 或nineteen o two1800 eighteen hundred3/21/202013三、年月日表示法3.年份(续)表示在哪一年,一般在年数前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前。e.g.in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253 年但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。BC=Before(the birth of)Christ 公元前Qin dynasty was founded in 221 BC.秦朝建于公元前221年。AD=Anno Domini;(in the year)since the birth of Chri
12、st 公元,耶稣纪元World War II broke out in 1939 AD.第二次世界大战爆发于公元1939年。3/21/202014三、年月日表示法4.月份在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如:in May在五月;in July在七月。为了简便起见,月份与日期连用时,月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May 和September外,其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示。January Jan一月February Feb二月MarchMar.三月April Apr四月AugustAug八月SeptemberSept九月OctoberOct十月NovemberNov十一月De
13、cember Dec十二月注:这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略,因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。3/21/202015三、年月日表示法5.日期日期用定冠词the+序数词表示。在具体哪一天要添加介词on。National Day is on Oct.1.国庆节是十月一日。(读作October first)此句也可以表示为National Day is on the 1st of OctoberMay 5 五月五日(读作May fifth)也可以表示为the fifth(5th)of MayMar.1(st)三月一日(读作March first或the first of March)3/21/202016
14、三、年月日表示法不具体、不确切的时间,如世纪、年代、年份、月份时,用介词in;具体确切的某一天用介词on;通常情况下morning,afternoon,evening 等词前用介词in。但是,当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语,把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时,介词in应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。1.On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house在一个寒冷的早晨,这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。2.I dont want to be disturbed on nights when I
15、 have to study我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。3/21/202017三、年月日表示法3.The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7这次事故发生在7月7日下午。4.We are to have a small test on Monday morning星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验。3/21/202018三、年月日表示法日期的表达英式和美式有所不同,请注意区别。在日期的写法上,英式先写日子,美式先写月份。读法也略有不同。3/21/202019英式美式1999年4月6日6th April 1999April 6,19991.A
16、pril the sixth,nineteen ninety-nine;2.The sixth of April,nineteen ninety-nine。April sixth nineteen ninety-nine(省略“the)四、加减乘除表示法1.“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal 等词表示2+3=?可表示为:How much is two plus three?2+3=5 Two plus three is fiveTwo and three is equal to fiveTwo and three make fiveTwo added t
17、o three equals fiveIf we add two to/and three,we get five二加三等于五3/21/202020四、加减乘除表示法2.“减”用minus或take from 表示10-6=?How much is ten minus six?10-6=4Ten minus six is fourTake six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four十减去六等于四3/21/202021四、加减乘除表示法3.“乘”用 time(动词)或multiply表示3X4?How muc
18、h is three times four?3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelveMultiply three by four,we get twelveThree multiplied by four makes twelve三乘以四等于十二3/21/202022四、加减乘除表示法4.“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示164=?How much is sixteen divided by four?164=4 Sixteen divided by four is fourSixteen divided by four equals/gives/make
19、s four十六除以四等于四。3/21/202023五、分数表示法1.分数由基数词和序数词一起表示。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,若分子大于1,序数词须用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters1/3 one third或a third24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter1/2 a half1/4 one quarter或a quarter1 1/2 one and a half1 1/4 one and a quarter3/21/20
20、2024五、分数表示法2.当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。1 1/2 hours 一个半小时(读作one and a half hours)2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(读作two and three-fourths meters)4/5 meter 五分之四米5/6 inch 六分之五英寸3/21/202025六、小数表示法1.小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界,小数点左首的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右首的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作point,0读作zero或oou,整数部分为零时,可以省略不读
21、。0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四10.23 ten point two three 十点二三25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七1.03 one point o three 一点零三3/21/202026六、小数表示法2.当数字值大于1时,小数后面的名词用复数,数字值小于1时,小数后面的名词用单数。1.03 meters 一点零三米0.49 ton 零点四九吨1.5 tons 一点五吨3/21/202027七、百分数表示法百分数用基数 percent表示50fifty percent百分之五十3three per
22、cent百分之三0.12zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二这里的 percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent这一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。3/21/202028八、数量表示法1.表示长、宽、高、面积等,用基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+形容词(long,wide,high 等)表示,或者用基数词+单位词+in+名词(length,width,height,weight等)表示。two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长three feet h
23、igh或 three feet in height 3英尺高four inches wide 或four inches in width 4英寸宽This box is 2 kilograms in weight这个盒子有两千克重。This wall is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high这面墙有12米宽,12米高。3/21/202029八、数量表示法2.表示时间、距离时,使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。Its a few minutes walk from here to the station.从这里走到车站要走几分钟。Its an hours ride
24、 from here to Shanghai Railway Station.从这里到上海火车站是乘车一小时的路程。或:从这里到上海火车站需要乘车一小时。Its about 40 kilometers distance from our company to Pudong International Airport.我们公司距浦东国际机场大约有40公里远。3/21/202030八、数量表示法3.表示温度有华氏(Fahrenheit)和摄氏(Centigrade)两种。英美均使用华氏作为温度的计量单位。摄氏用法现已日渐普及。36thirty-six degrees Centigrade(或Cel
25、sius)15fifteen degrees Centigrade(或Celsius)32thirty-two degrees FahrenheitWater freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.水在华氏三十二度时结冰。Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade.水在摄氏一百度时沸腾。During filling,the agent temperature should be 60 to 80(16 to 27).充装过程中,药剂温度应介于华氏60到80度(摄氏16到27度)之间。3/21/20203
26、1八、数量表示法用below zero表示零下温度,温度用基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏)表示。-4four degrees below zero centigrade-5 five degrees below zero3/21/202032八、数量表示法这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时,可以省略。You are 37(读作thirty-seven degrees)你是三十七度。(摄氏)Its seven degrees below zero今天是零下七度。(摄氏)3/21/202033八、数量表示法4.由数词和其他名词构成的名
27、词性短语作定语时,其中的名词用单数形式,名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。Its a five-minute walk from the library to the playground从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。Shes a sixteen-year-old girl她是个十六岁的女孩。3/21/202034八、数量表示法5.表示“比 大(或)几倍”的说法。This room is two times bigger than that one这个房间比那个(房间)大两倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book这本词典
28、比那本书厚四倍。My age is two times older than his我的年龄比他大两倍。3/21/202035九、电话号码与门牌号A电话号码读电话号码的原则是在清楚的基础上,越简单越好。人们在读电话号码时,习惯一个数字一个数字地说,以求清楚,但有时为了方便起见,也会以十位数为单位,两个两个一起说。770-2145 可以读为seven seven zero,two one four five,也可以读为seven seven o,twenty-one forty-five。总之,不管如何读,一定要清楚,不要引起歧义。3/21/202036九、电话号码与门牌号读电话号码时,每个数字
29、一一读出,“o”英式读ou;美式则读zero(有时也读nought)。英国人在读两个相同数字时,通常读成double尤其是当这两个数处在同一组时(电话号码由右向左每两位一组)。3456638 读作:three four five,double six three eight3074922 读作:three oh seven,four nine double two而美式则读成:three zero seven,four nine two two但如果相同的两个数不在同一组,则可以有两种读法。62899033 可读成six two eight double nine oh double thre
30、e,或six two eight nine nine oh double three3/21/202037九、电话号码与门牌号拨打国际长途电话国际字冠+国家代码+地区代码(区号)+电话号码+分机号码每个国家的国际字冠和国家代码常常是不一样的,国际字冠是打出时用的,国家代码是打进时用的。3/21/202038国家国际字冠国家代码美国0111加拿大0111英国0044法国0033中国0086古巴11953九、电话号码与门牌号Country code+area code+phone number+extension numberJohnson 座机电话:+86-21-61633373 ext.103
31、7 美国Eric 座机电话:+1-715-7357411 ext.73506在中国大陆由于0是唯一的国内长途接入码,所以经常和后面的区号并列,并已形成习惯,连电信部门都如此公布,但在境外打电话回境内城市时,一定要在当地国际长途电话接入码+中国国家号86之后,城市区号要去掉0。在美国打电话找Johnson,座机应拨打011-86-21-61633373*1037手机应拨打+86-21-61633373*1037在中国打电话找 Eric,座机应拨打00-1-715-7357411*73506手机应拨打+1-715-7357411*735063/21/202039九、电话号码与门牌号B门牌号门牌号遇
32、三位数分别读出各数字,遇四位数时则分成两半来读。例如:Room 302,3491 King Street Room three oh twothree zero two,thirty-four ninety-one King StreetBuilding No.1,Lane 955,Jinhai Road,Shanghai,201206,P.R.China3/21/202040十、指数和科学记数法1.表示“n次方”的说法:指数用序数词,底数用基数词。107 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)610 the tenth power
33、 of six(six to the tenth power)The amount of 2 to the power of 3 is written 23,and means 2 x 2 x 2.2的3次幂写成23,意即2 x 2 x 2。3/21/202041指数输入610:1.Excel:单元格中输入610,格式设为文本,选中10,鼠标右键单击,选择上标即可。2.Word&PPT:输入数字610,选中10,同时按下Ctrl+Shift+”+&=”三键即可。十、指数和科学记数法2.科学记数1.2310-4可读作:one point two three times ten to the mi
34、nus four(negative four);one point two three times ten minus four;one point two three ten minus four.第一个是最正确的说法,但有时为了简便会有不同程度的省略。像第二、三个省略适用在别人知道你在说科学符号的场合,例如老师上课时,或同学讨论功课时,不然别人有可能会误会你的意思。3/21/202042英语数字的书写规则1.英美等国的出版社在排版时遵循一条原则,即1至10用单词表示,10以上的数目用阿拉伯数字(也有的以100为界限),这条原则值得我们行文时借鉴。That table measures te
35、n feet by five.那个工作台长10英尺,宽5英尺。The traditional pattern of classroom experience at the college level brings the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 45-to-50-minute class session two or three times a week.由一个教授和20至30名学生每周会晤两三次,每次授课时间45到50分钟,是大学课堂教学的传统方式。3/21/202043英语数字的书写规则2.人数用阿
36、技伯数字表示显得更简洁明了,但不定数量、近似值用单词表示较恰当。There are 203,817 voters on the electoral rolls.选举名单上有203,817个投票人。Nearly thirty thousand voters took part in this election.近3万个投票人参加了这次选举。3/21/202044英语数字的书写规则3.遇到日期、百分比、带单位的特殊数字,通常用阿拉伯数字。Maximum swivel of table is 120.工作台的最大回转角度是120度。3rd March 1991或March 3,1991;a disc
37、ount of 5 percent(5%的折扣);purchased 7 yards of carpet(买7码地毯);ordered 2 pounds of minced steak(订购2磅剁碎的肉)。3/21/202045英语数字的书写规则如果涉及的数目和单位是不定数,可用单词表示。about five miles per hour(每小时大约5英里)at least ten yards away(至少有10码远)hesitated for a moment or two(犹豫了片刻)I have warned you a hundred times(我已经警告你多少遍了)。3/21/2
38、02046英语数字的书写规则4.在科技文章中,数字频繁出现,用阿拉伯数字比用单词陈述更有利。The new engine has a capacity of 4.3 litres and a power out-put of 153 kilowatts at 4400 revolutions per minute.这台新发动机的容积为4.3升,转速为每分钟4400转时输出功率是153千瓦。We know that the weight of a cubic foot of air at 0and 76cm,pressure is 0.081 pound,or 12 cubic feet of
39、air weigh a pound.我们知道,1立方英尺的空气在0摄氏度和760 毫米汞柱压力下,重量是0.81磅,也就是说12立方英尺空气的重量是1磅。3/21/202047英语数字的书写规则5.句首不用阿拉伯数字,句末要尽量避免用阿拉伯数字。4th July is an important date in American history.应该写成The fourth of July.19 couples took part in the ballroom dancing competition.19对选手参加了交际舞比赛。应改写成:Nineteen couples took.3/21/2
40、02048英语数字的书写规则60profit was a reported.据报道有60的利润。应改写成:Sixty per cent profit 1345 kilograms force was applied at the center point of the bar.试验时在杆的中点加1345公斤力。可改成When tested,a force of l345 kg was applied.3/21/202049英语数字的书写规则6.遇到分数,可用带连字符号的单词表示。At 1east two-thirds of the class have had colds.这个班至少有三分之二
41、的学生患重感冒。Nitrogen forms about four-fifths of the atmosphere.氮约占大气的五分之四。3/21/202050常用单位读法1.公制单位a.Units of Length 长度单位mm millimeter 毫米cm centimeter 厘米M meter 米km kilometer 千米b.Units of weight 重量单位mg milligram 毫克g gram 克kg kilogram 千克T ton 吨3/21/202051常用单位读法c.Units of capacity 容量单位ml milliliter 毫升L lite
42、r 升d.Square measure 面积单位mm2 square centimeter 平方毫米cm2square centimeter 平方厘米m2square meter 平方米ha square kilometer 平方千米3/21/202052常用单位读法e.Cubic measure 体积单位dm3cubic decimeter 立方分米m3cubic meter 立方米f.Circular measure 圆弧单位microradian 微弧度milliradian 毫弧度radian 弧度3/21/202053常用单位读法g.Metric prefixes 公制词首3/21/
43、202054Abbreviation 缩写Factor因子tera-太拉,百亿T1012giga-吉,十亿G109mega-百万M106kilo-千k103hecto-百h102deca-十da101deci-分d10-1Abbreviation 缩写Factor因子centi-厘c10-2milli-毫m10-3micro-微10-6nano-纳(诺)n10-9pico-皮(可)p10-12femto-飞(母托)f10-15atto-阿(托)a10-18常用单位读法British and American 英、美制1.Units of length 长度单位inch 英寸foot 英尺yar
44、d 码mile 英里2.Units of weight 重量单位ounce 盎司pound 英镑3/21/202055常用单位读法3.Units of capacity 容量单位pint 品脱quart 夸脱gallon 加仑4.Square measure 面积单位square inch 平方英寸Square foot 平方英尺Square yard 平方码Square mile 平方英里3/21/202056常用单位读法5.Cubic measure 体积单位cubic inch 立方英寸cubic foot 立方英尺cubic yard 立方码6.Circular measure 圆弧单
45、位second 秒minute 分degree 度3/21/202057常用单位读法7.Units of pressure 压力单位PSI,lb/in2 pounds per square inch 磅/英寸2bar 巴Pa pascal 帕斯卡3/21/202058常用单位读法示例单位0.43 psi/ft.45o elbow0.505 ft3/lbs.438 ft3/min3/21/202059练习1.When was the Peoples Republic of China founded?2.Whats the time by your watch?3.How do you read the following numbers?2,782,234,4672034th 10725.67in the 1900s-5 0.122 3/4 meters+86-21-61633373*10373/21/202060Thanks!3/21/202061