1、第16单元“有”字句视译英汉汉英视译教程下篇 汉译英第16单元“有”字句视译 n “有”字句式是汉语里十分常见的句式，形式多样，用法灵活，口头和书面语均常用。汉语里“有”字既可以表达时间和空间的存在、量度总计，也可以表述所有权，无主句式。“有”字句式的多样性和灵活性对视译人员构成了很大的思维转换难度，译员需要对汉语具备十分透彻的理解和熟练运用技能才可驾轻就熟。实践证明，对于类似“有”字句等典型汉语句式的娴熟把握需要深厚的积累和大量的实践，即使是汉语为母语的译员在对“有”字句的理解和视译转换过程中也是面临比较大的挑战。只有经过长期的刻苦训练，方能娴熟掌握“有”字句视译技巧。第16单元“有”字句视
2、译（要点梳理）n汉语里“有”字既可以表达时间和空间的存在、量度总计，也可以表述所有权，无主句式n“有”字句式的多样性和灵活性对视译人员构成了很大的思维转换难度第16单元“有”字句视译（例句）n1.这家公司有1 500 万美元的注册资金，主营进出口和一系列的数码产品。n【笔译】n【视译】This company has a registered capital of 15 million US dollars and specializes in import and export and a great variety of digital products.This company regi
3、sters a capital of 15 million US dollars and specializes in import and export and a great variety of digital products.第16单元“有”字句视译（例句）n译评视译版本动词register 的用法更符合英语常见思维习惯，感觉更自然、简洁。该句也可译成“The companys registered capital is 15 million US dollars,and it specializes in import and export and a great variety
4、of digital products.”汉语的“有”可与英语的多重意思相对应，因此英语的表达形式便更多样化。第16单元“有”字句视译（例句）n2.有研究表明，玩电子游戏产生的负面影响和观看暴力电视节目产生的影响有些类似。n【笔译】n【视译】Research shows that playing video games has somewhat similar effects to observing violent television content.Researchers suggest that playing video games produces somewhat similar
5、 effects to observing violent television content.第16单元“有”字句视译（例句）n译评 笔译版本也较为常见，但不如视译版本生动，且更加符合英语的动作关系逻辑习惯。“有研究表明”是汉语的特有表达方式，再如“有人认为”、“有报告说”等，比较简单的视译办法就是将其主语化，与后面的内容连接起来。第16单元“有”字句视译（例句）n3.自从澳大利亚北领地成为世界上第一个将自愿安乐死合法化的地方以来已有16个月了。n【笔译】n【视译】It has been 16 months Australias Northern Territory became the
6、first place in the world to legalize voluntary euthanasia.Sixteen months has passed since Australias Northern Territory became the first place in the world to legalize voluntary euthanasia.第16单元“有”字句视译（例句）n译评在时间前面加上“有”字是汉语的表达习惯，有时表达持续的时间量，有时表达具体的时间点。坦率地说，中文版本本来就有英语译文之嫌。笔译版本很常见，但是视译版本更具有动感，为后续内容衔接起到更
7、好的铺垫作用。第16单元“有”字句视译（例句）n4.中国是一个有13 亿人口的发展中国家，我们必须保持经济有一定的发展速度来解决就业的压力。n【笔译】n【视译】China is a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.We must ensure that our economy continues to grow at a proper speed in order to ease the pressure on employment.As China is a developing country with a popul
8、ation of 1.3 billion,we must ensure that our economy continues to grow at a proper speed in order to ease the pressure on employment.第16单元“有”字句视译（例句）n译评此句“有”字表达一种存在关系，可将此句译成因果句：“Since China is a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion,we must”，此句也可译成因果句，使得上下文更连贯，逻辑关系更加明确。第16单元“有”字句视译（例句）
9、n5.该国南部有数千家工厂倒闭，引发人们对失业率上升会导致社会不稳定的担忧。n【笔译】n【视译】Thousands of factories have closed in the southern part of the country,triggering concerns that rising unemployment will cause social unrest.Thousands of factories have closed in southern part of the country,which triggers concerns that rising unemploy
10、ment will cause social unrest.第16单元“有”字句视译（例句）n译评现在分词triggering 在笔译版本里的使用十分贴切，但是作为伴随情况状语的现在分词很少在口译里使用。只要情况允许，口译文本的形式大多体现为口语语体，这是“口耳”交流模式的特性所决定的。第16单元“有”字句视译（例段）n1.中国经济发展的外部环境没有根本改变，求和平、谋发展、促合作是当今世界发展不可阻挡的潮流，国际分工格局调整中蕴藏着新的机遇。我们完全有信心、有条件、有能力继续保持经济平稳较快发展，继续为世界经济发展作出积极贡献。n1.中国经济发展的外部环境没有根本改变，求和平、谋发展、促合作
11、是当今世界发展不可阻挡的潮流，国际分工格局调整中蕴藏着新的机遇。No fundamental change has taken place in the external environment for Chinas economic growth.The pursuit of peace,development and cooperation is the irreversible trend in todays world.The readjustment to the international division of labor offers new opportunities.第16
12、单元“有”字句视译（例段）第16单元“有”字句视译（例段）n我们完全有信心、有条件、有能力继续保持经济平稳较快发展，继续为世界经济发展作出积极贡献。We have the confidence,conditions and ability to maintain steady and fast economic growth and continue to contribute to world economic growth.第16单元“有”字句视译（例段）n【笔译】There is no fundamental change in the external environment for
13、Chinas economic growth.The pursuit of peace,development and cooperation is the irreversible trend in todays world.The readjustment to the international division of labor offers new opportunities.We have the confidence,conditions and ability to maintain steady and fast economic growth and continue to
14、 contribute to world economic growth.第16单元“有”字句视译（例段）n【视译】No fundamental change has taken place in the external environment for Chinas economic growth.The pursuit of peace,development and cooperation is the irreversible trend in todays world.The readjustment to the international division of labor of
15、fers new opportunities.We have the confidence,conditions and ability to maintain steady and fast economic growth and continue to contribute to world economic growth.第16单元“有”字句视译（例段）n译评原文第一句的核心内容是“没有根本改变”，根据英语的表达习惯，如果可能，应该将核心内容作为主语，视译版本更加体现了这个原则，而且由于动词的运用句子更具表现力。第二部分连续使用的“有”包含“拥有”之意，与英语的意境直接对应即可。但是视译
16、或其他形式的口译时，有时为了兼顾英文的表达习惯，在此进行形容词化处理，即可译成“we are fully confident,well conditioned and very able to”。第16单元“有”字句视译（例段）n2.本届年会意义特殊，在历史罕见的国际金融危机之中，各国政要聚集在这里，共同探讨维护国际金融稳定，具有重要的现实意义。各方面热切期盼从这里听到富有智慧的声音，凝聚战胜危机的力量。我们有责任向世界传递信心、勇气和希望。n2.本届年会意义特殊，在历史罕见的国际金融危机之中，各国政要聚集在这里，共同探讨维护国际金融稳定，具有重要的现实意义。The significance
17、of this annual is exceptional.In the middle of a global financial crisis rarely seen in history,it is of great immediate importance to bring together government leaders to jointly explore ways to maintain international financial stability.第16单元“有”字句视译（例段）第16单元“有”字句视译（例段）n各方面热切期盼从这里听到富有智慧的声音，n凝聚战胜危机的
18、力量。n我们有责任向世界传递信心、勇气和希望。People from across the world are eager to hear words of wisdom from here that will give them strength to tide over the crisis.It is thus our responsibility to send to the world a message of confidence,courage and hope.第16单元“有”字句视译（例段）n【笔译】This annual meeting has a special sign
19、ificance.Amidst a global financial crisis rarely seen in history,it is meaningful to bring together government leaders to jointly explore ways to maintain international financial stability.People from across the world are eager to hear words of wisdom from here that will give them strength to tide o
20、ver the crisis.It is thus our responsibility to send to the world a message of confidence,courage and hope.第16单元“有”字句视译（例段）n【视译】The significance of this annual is exceptional.In the middle of a global financial crisis rarely seen in history,it is of great immediate importance to bring together gover
21、nment leaders to jointly explore ways to maintain international financial stability.People from across the world are eager to hear words of wisdom from here that will give them strength to tide over the crisis.It is thus our responsibility to send to the world a message of confidence,courage and hop
22、e.第16单元“有”字句视译（例段）n译评“具有重要的现实意义”的视译版本翻译更准确、地道。“有责任向世界传递”也可译成“we cannot evade the responsibility to”，以起到加强语气的作用。第16单元“有”字句视译（例篇）n 中华人民共和国成立以来，特别是改革开放30 多年来，中国这个古老的东方大国发生了翻天覆地的变化。国家经济实力和综合国力大为增强，中国对自己通过艰苦奋斗而取得的成就感到自豪。同时，我们对今天中国在世界上的位置和作用，也有着清醒的认识。n 中国国内生产总值位居世界第三，但人均水平较低，只有发达国家的十分之一左右。中西部和广大农村的不少地方仍然相
23、当落后，还有1.5 亿人口生活在联合国设定的贫困线之下。中国民生有了很大改善，但社会保障体系不健全，就业压力很大。n 中国现代化走到今天，先进落后并存，新旧矛盾交织，面临诸多前所未有的挑战。中国仍然处于社会主义初级阶段，仍然属于发展中国家。这就是我们的基本国情，这就是一个真实的中国。第16单元“有”字句视译（例篇）n【视译】n Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China,and especially since the start of reform and opening up more than 30 years ago,prof
24、ound changes have taken place in China,a big,ancient country in the East.Its economic and overall national strength has substantially increased.We in China are proud of our achievements accomplished through strenuous efforts.At the same time,we are clear-headed about our place and role in todays wor
25、ld.n Chinas GDP is the third largest in the world,but in per capita terms,it is only one-tenth of that of developed countries.Many places in the central and western regions and the vast rural areas are still rather backward,and we have 150 million people living below the poverty line set by the Unit
26、ed Nations.The Chinese peoples livelihood has made significant improvement,but we do not yet have a full-fledged social security system,and we are confronted with high employment pressure.n China,which has come a long way in modernization,is fairly advanced in some areas of development but remains b
27、ackward in others.And it faces unprecedented challenges brought by problems both old and new.Taken as a whole,China is still in the primary stage of socialism and remains a developing country.These are our basic national conditions.This is the real China.n 中华人民共和国成立以来，特别是改革开放30 多年来，中国这个古老的东方大国发生了翻天覆
28、地的变化。Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China,and especially since the start of reform and opening up more than 30 years ago,profound changes have taken place in China,a big,ancient country in the East.第16单元“有”字句视译（例篇详解）第16单元“有”字句视译（例篇详解）n国家经济实力和综合国力大为增强，中国对自己通过艰苦奋斗而取得的成就感到自豪。同时，我们对今天中国在世
29、界上的位置和作用，也有着清醒的认识。Its economic and overall national strength has substantially increased.We in China are proud of our achievements accomplished through strenuous efforts.At the same time,we are clear-headed about our place and role in todays world.n 中国国内生产总值位居世界第三，但人均水平较低，只有发达国家的十分之一左右。中西部和广大农村的不少地方
30、仍然相当落后，还有1.5 亿人口生活在联合国设定的贫困线之下。Chinas GDP is the third largest in the world,but in per capita terms,it is only one-tenth of that of developed countries.Many places in the central and western regions and the vast rural areas are still rather backward,and we have 150 million people living below the po
31、verty line set by the United Nations.第16单元“有”字句视译（例篇详解）n中国民生有了很大改善，但社会保障体系不健全，就业压力很大。第16单元“有”字句视译（例篇详解）The Chinese peoples livelihood has made significant improvement,but we do not yet have a full-fledged social security system,and we are confronted with high employment pressure.第16单元“有”字句视译（例篇详解）n
32、中国现代化走到今天，先进落后并存，新旧矛盾交织，面临诸多前所未有的挑战。China,which has come a long way in modernization,is fairly advanced in some areas of development but remains backward in others.And it faces unprecedented challenges brought by problems both old and new.第16单元“有”字句视译（例篇详解）n中国仍然处于社会主义初级阶段，仍然属于发展中国家。这就是我们的基本国情，这就是一个真
33、实的中国。Taken as a whole,China is still in the primary stage of socialism and remains a developing country.These are our basic national conditions.This is the real China.第16单元“有”字句视译（例篇）n译评“也有着清醒的认识”部分的翻译是典型的词性转换，原文名词在译文里变成了形容词，既得体又顺畅。“只有发达国家的十分之一”此处是“仅有”之意。“还有1.5 亿人口”此处为转折之意。“有了很大改善”的中英文基本逻辑方式是一样的，但是中
34、文是静态表述，而英语是动态表述。此句还可译成“has improved significantly”。第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：语句）n（1）我主持的第一个节目就是个全国性在黄金时段播出的节目，每周有两亿观众观看这个节目。n（2）日经商业日报去年的一项调查发现，20 多岁的日本男性中只有25%想拥有一辆汽车，低于2000 年的48%。n（3）只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。n（4）有一群人数不多但固执己见的批评者，还是不信这一套，这些人中有很多人受到石油业和煤矿业的支持。n（5）中国是一个有着数千年文明史的东方大国，对人类发展作出
35、过重大贡献。第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n(1)And the first show I hosted was a prime-time nation-wide show,which had an audience of 200 million every week.n(2)A survey last year by the Business Daily Nikkei found that only 25 percent of Japanese men in their 20s wanted a car,down from 48 percent in 2000.n(3)Whe
36、n one realizes that smoking is harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse to others as well as to he himself,he will be determined to resist the temptation of tobacco.第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n(4)A small but persistent group of critics,many of them supported by the oil and co
37、al industries,still dont buy it.n(5)China is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.It has made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：语段）n（1）说起上海老城，总会让人和古老传统的东西联系起来，比如明代的豫园和清代的城隍庙。上海建城有700 多年历史，但最具有人文发展历史的时期是开埠后的150 年间，诸如华洋
38、杂居、石库门、老字号等，都发生在开埠后的上海。第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：语段）n（2）中国30 年的变化，得益于改革开放。只有坚持改革开放，坚定不移地走有中国特色社会主义道路，国家才有光明的前途。从这个意义上说，改革开放一定要贯穿于中国现代化建设的全过程。第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n(1)The old town of Shanghai is always associated with something ancient and traditional,like the Yu Yuan Garden in the Ming Dynasty and Chenghu
39、angmiao(the Town Gods Temple or the City God Temple)in the Qing Dynasty.Despite a history of more than 700 years,the 150 years since it opened to foreign traders has witnessed the greatest humane development in Shanghai.In that period we have seen a Shanghai co-inhabited by Chinese locals and foreig
40、n nationals,the formation of the Shanghai Painting School,the building of Shikumen(stone-framed gate)houses,the development of time-honored firms or shops,and so on and so forth.第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n(2)Chinas changes over the past three decades would not have been possible without reform and open
41、ing-up.Only by continuing reform and opening-up and unswervingly following the path of socialism with distinctive Chinese features can China have a bright future.Reform and opening-up must be carried on through the entire process of Chinas modernization drive.第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：语篇）n（1）1921 年，在马克思列宁主义
42、同中国工人运动相结合的进程中，中国共产党应运而生。中国共产党的诞生，是近现代中国历史发展的必然产物，是中国人民在救亡图存斗争中顽强求索的必然产物。从此，中国革命有了正确前进方向，中国人民有了强大精神力量，中国命运有了光明发展前景。n 这三件大事，从根本上改变了中国人民和中华民族的前途命运，不可逆转地结束了近代以后中国内忧外患、积贫积弱的悲惨命运，不可逆转地开启了中华民族不断发展壮大、走向伟大复兴的历史进军，使具有5 000 多年文明历史的中国面貌焕然一新，中华民族伟大复兴展现出前所未有的光明前景。第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：语篇）n（2）我自担任中国商务部长以来，访问美国多次，但正式率
43、团来访，这还是第一次。n 这次访问既为凝聚共识、谋求合作而来，也为建立新关系、开创新局面而来。大家知道，我的老朋友和新同行骆家辉先生刚刚当上新一届联邦政府的商务部长。中国俗话说“新官上任三把火”。我很想听听这位“新官”以及同样是“新官”的美国贸易代表柯克先生对中美经贸关系有什么新的打算和建议，也把我们的一些新想法和他们作个交流。n 今年下午我将拜会美国国家经济委员会主任萨默斯先生，出席中美经贸合作论坛并发表演讲，今晚还将和美国商会的朋友见面。第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：语篇）n 我在华盛顿的日程只有两天，活动排得满满的。但是，和美中贸委的各位朋友们见面是必不可少的，因为，你们大家都是我
44、们的好朋友，你们大家都为发展中美经贸关系做出了很多贡献。在这里，我首先代表中国商务部，对美中贸委会多年来作出的贡献表示衷心的感谢！n 朋友们，上个月，胡锦涛主席和奥巴马总统在伦敦金融峰会上就达成了一系列共识。其中最重要的一点，是要共同推动建设21 世纪积极合作全面的中美关系。n 这是一个非常令人振奋的共识。它为新时期中美经贸关系发展指明了方向，那就是：积极、合作、全面。第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n(1)In 1921,the CPC was born in the process of integrating Marxism-Leninism with the Chines
45、e workers movement.The birth of the CPC was a natural product of the development of modern and contemporary Chinese history as well as the indomitable exploration of the Chinese people for survival of the nation.The birth of the CPC put the Chinese revolution on the right course,gave the Chinese peo
46、ple a powerful motivation and created bright prospects for Chinas future development.第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n These three major events reshaped the future and destiny of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation.They irreversibly ended the misery endured by China in modern times when it suffered fro
47、m both domestic turmoil and foreign invasion and was poor and weak.They also irreversibly started the Chinese nations historic march for development,growth,and great rejuvenation.They gave China,a civilization of over 5,000 years,a completely new look and created unimagined prospects for the great r
48、ejuvenation of the Chinese nation.第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n(2)Good morning.I am delighted to meet with both old and new friends here.n We are here not just to seek convergence and cooperation,but also to establish a new relationship and open a new chapter.As we all know,my old friend,as well as new c
49、ounterpart,Mr.Garry Locke has just been appointed Commerce Secretary of the new federal administration.There is an old saying in China,whose English equivalent is“a new broom sweeps clean”.I would be happy to hear what this newly-appointed official,as well as the other newly-appointed official,Mr.Ki
50、rk,the US trade representative,have to say about new plans and proposals for the Sino-American trade and economic relations.I would also exchange with them some of our new ideas.第16单元“有”字句视译（视译练习：参考答案）n This afternoon,I am going to meet with Mr.Summers,Chairman of the US National Economic Council,an
