1、Review句子的结构 L1简单陈述句：陈述一个事实的简单句。只有一个主语和一个谓语，每个成分都是单词或短语。陈述一个事实，句末用句号，分为肯定句和否定句。Father gave me a bike.I like you.句子开头第一个字母要大写，末尾要有句点、问号或感叹号。Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun简单陈述句的语序简单陈述句的语序主语部分主语部分谓语部分谓语部分主语动词宾语状语（通常无强制性）方式地点时间IIThe childrenThe carThe girlboughtranshouted atstoppedreada hatmeangril
2、y.Suddenly.quietlyhome.in her roomyesterday.all afternoon.Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun简单陈述句的简单陈述句的语序语序主语一般为名词、代词、或名词短语，通常位于动词之前。动词必须与主语一致，所以主语决定动词的单复数形式（如 I am,you are,he has）宾语一般为名词、代词、数词或名词短语。在主动句中，宾语位于动词之后。一个句子不总需要有宾语。状语的位置比较灵活。当一个句子中有一种以上的副词时，地点副词的一般位置是在方式副词之后、时间副词之前。时间状语可以在句尾，也可以在句首。Tue
3、sday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun练习：调整语序Music I very much like.The news listened to I carefully.Quietly the door he opened.A tree in the corner of the garden he planted.Games played yesterday in their room the children quietly.The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen.Tuesday,
4、December 27,2022by Helen Sun感叹句 L2What引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情。构成：What+名词(包括冠词和形容词)+主语代词+谓语动词+!It is a bad day.What a bad day it is!Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun感叹句练习It is a tall building.He is a strange guy.This is a wonderful garden.He is causing a lot of trouble!Tuesday,December 27,2022by H
5、elen Sun“动词+双宾语”结构及其转换双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做），间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在。它和直接宾语组成双宾语。什么时候出现双宾语什么时候出现双宾语A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.(L2)直接宾语：直接宾语：a few words of Italian间接宾语：间接宾语：meTuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun“动词+双宾语”结构及其转换常用句型为：主语+及物动词+间接宾
6、语+直接宾语。如：She gave me a cup of tea.她给了我一杯茶。有时，间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语的后面。如：She gave a cup of tea to me.Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun双宾语结构转换的例子He bought me a book.He bought a book for me.Tom left me a message.Tom left a message to me.She cooked us a delicious meal.She cooked a delicious m
7、eal for us.Please pass me the salt.Please pass the salt to me.Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun“动词+双宾语”结构及其转换常用的能接双宾语的及物动词常用的能接双宾语的及物动词give,teach,buy,lend,find,hand,leave,sell,show,read,pay,make,offer,build,pass,bring,cook,refuse等。由to连接间接宾语的动词有：pass,give,show,tell,lend,take等；e.g.:passto.请把水递给我。由f
8、or连接间接宾语的动词有：buy,cook,get,sing,make等。e.g.:singfor 为他唱首歌吧。Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun双宾语的特殊情况双宾语的特殊情况1.当直接宾语是人称代词（it/them），就需要在间接宾语之前加介词to，并把这个带to的间接宾语放在直接宾语之后。如：Hand it to me,please.请把它递给我。（不能说hand me it）2.当强调间接宾语时。如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母亲每天都为我们做早饭。3.当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。如：On th
9、e bus,he often gives his seat to an old person.在公共汽车上，他经常把座位让给老人。Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun已学过的时态归纳时态时态用法用法动词形式动词形式肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑问句一般疑问句及回答及回答特殊疑问句特殊疑问句及回答及回答一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun时态时态用法用法动词形式动词形式肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑问句一般疑问句及回答及回答特殊疑问句特殊疑问句及回答及回答一般现在时一般、经常、习惯、真
10、理原形/三单do/doesI doHe doesI dont doHe doesnt doDo you like milk?Yes,I do./No,I dont.What do you like?I like milk.现在进行时现在某时正在做某事be+现在分词am/is/are doingI am doingWe are doingHe isnt doingYou arent doingAre you reading?Yes,I am./No,Im not.What are you doing?Im reading.一般过去时过去某一时间做了某事过去式didI didHe didI did
11、nt doHe didnt doDid you drink milk?Yes,I did./No,I didnt.What did you do?I drank milk.现在完成时过去已经完成某事，对现在有影响have/has+现在分词He has doneYou have doneShe hasnt doneThey havent done.Has he come?Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.What has he done?He has come.Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun一般现在时一般现在时可以表示习惯性或经常性的动作以
12、及存在的状态，往往与频度副词连用。Do you often come here?I always go to the library on Friday.构成：主语do/does标志词：often,always,sometimes,never等Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun一般现在时的用法1.表示事物的本质特性或客观存在，没有时限性。The table _ soft。（feels)表特性特征。Japan _ in the east of China。(locates)表客观事实2.现阶段经常性、习惯性的行为，可带频率时间。The shop closes
13、 at 7:30 p.m.Father doesnt smoke.（习惯）3.表说话时的状态，感觉或结果，一般用状态动词，如：It doesnt matter.Does it hurt?（感觉结果）Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun一般现在时的用法特殊用法在条件、时间、让步从句中用现在时代替将来。If you go there,Ill help you.用在begin,come,go,leave,return,open,close 等短暂谓语动词表规定计划。The plane takes off at 11:30.（不受主观支配的计划）在剧本、解说、标题或
14、there(here）开头的句中表进行There goes the bell/Here comes Mr.Wang.I declare the meeting opens.（正在宣布）He meets the ball and hits back to No.2（正在发生）Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun现在进行时 L2现在进行时构成：主语be+doing 标志词：now,at the momentHe is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of diffe
15、rent places in Australia.(L2)现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或正在发生的事件，往往与now,still等副词连用。John is still sleeping.Mrs.Smith is cooking now.现在进行时也用来表示当前（一段时间）的动向：Jack is working hard these days.We are singing together.Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun通常不能用进行时的动词通常不能用进行时的动词表示感觉或感情的词，如：表示感觉或感情的词，如：hear,see,smell,tast
16、e,feel,(感官动词）感官动词）seem,notice,hate,love,like,want,wish,refuse,prefer,forgive等。等。表示存在或所属的词，如：表示存在或所属的词，如：exist,stay,remain,obtain,have,own,form,contain等。等。表示认识或理解的词，如：表示认识或理解的词，如：understand,know,remember,forget,believe,think(认为）认为）,doubt等等I think that you are a good friend.这里表示“认为”，是一种常态，就不要用现在进行时。I
17、am thinking about that where we are.这里表示“考虑/思考”，是一种短期的动作，就要用进行时。Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun一般过去时一般过去时 L3L3一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事情、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。I went to a park yesterday.构成形式：主语动词过去式标志词：yesterday,last week,one month ago等某个特定的过去时间。Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun练习动词的过去式Wo
18、rk live study stopBegin drive draw feed Speak sell stand bringCan shall will mayCome hear mean letAm is are have hasbuild eat feel find go leave run see take make get buyTuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun规则动词的过去式变化1、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：work-worked play-played wanted-wanted act-acted 2、以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词
19、词尾加-d，如：live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped 3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun不规则动词的过去式的构成 不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。1把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：beginbegandrinkdrank g
20、ivegaveringrangsingsangsitsat swimswam 2把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drivedrove，riderode，writewrote 3改动词原形中的aw ow为ew，变成过去式。如：drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词show除外，showshowed）4动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：getgot，forgetforgot 5动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如：feedfed，meetmetTuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun不规则动词的过去式的构成
21、6动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept 7动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：breakbroke，speakspoke 8动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sellsold，telltold 9动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：standstood，understandunderstood10以ought和aught结尾，且读音是:t的过去式。如：bringbrought，buy bought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaughtTuesday,Decemb
22、er 27,2022by Helen Sun不规则动词的过去式的构成 11以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如：cancould，shallshould，willwould 12把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如：comecame，becomebecame 13在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hearhi heardh:d，sayseisaidsed，meanmi:nmeantment14动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：letlet，mustmust，putput，readreadred15不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：am/iswas，arewere，bui
23、ldbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have/has had，holdheld，leaveleft，makemade,maymight，runran，seesaw，taketook get got buy bought fly-flewTuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun过去式“-ed”的发音规则（1）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/id/音，want wanted（要）need needed（需要）（2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/t/音。help helped（帮助）la
24、ugh laughed（笑）look looked（看）kiss kissed（吻）wash washed（洗）watch watched（注视）（3）动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/d/音。call called（叫）staystayed（停留）crycried（哭）Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun元元 音音12个单元音个单元音长元音长元音a:i:u:短元音短元音i ue8个双元音个双元音ai eiii e u auu 辅辅 音音10对对清辅音清辅音p tkfsttrts浊辅音浊辅音b dgvz3d3drdz3个鼻音个鼻音mn3个似拼音个似拼
25、音hrl2个半元音个半元音wjTuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun现在完成时现在完成时 L4L4现在完成时表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示动作从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，或表示一种经历。它属于“现在”的范畴，因此不与表示过去的时间连用。构成：have/has+过去分词Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sunup to now,Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from on
26、e garage to the other.(L6)up to now=up till now=up to present 多数在现在完成时态中使用多数在现在完成时态中使用Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun现在完成时的几种表达场合现在完成时的几种表达场合表示一件已经发生的事，这事与现在情况有联系，常可和just,already,yet,recently,ever，never这类副词连用。Ive lost my key.He hasnt come back yet.The rain has already stopped.Have you seen Lucy
27、 recently?也可和表示从过去某时到现在这段时间的状语连用,如today,this week,this month,in the past few years,so far,up to now。I havent seen him today.Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun现在完成时的几种表达场合现在完成时的几种表达场合还常和for 及since 引导的状语或与How long 连用 I havent seen you for months.也常常单独使用不需要任何状语。She has found a new job.这个时态还表示 持续到现在的状
28、态。How long has he been ill?Tuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun现在完成时现在完成时过去分词构成一般的动词直接加ed 如：work-worked末尾以不发音的e结尾的动词，加d 如：live lived辅音加y结尾的动词，变y为i加ed 如：try tried元音加辅音结尾，该音节重读，则双写加ed 如：stop stopped不规则动词：如：beatbeaten taketaken havehad begin-begunTuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun练习There _ an eraser
29、under the desk.Is it yours?A.is B.has C.was D.hadKey:AThey _for five hours when they _ in New York.A.flewarrived B.had flownhad arrived C.flewhad arrived D.had flownarrivedKey:DTuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun练习 John _ there since the year before,so he _ them.A.had workedknew B.had worked.had kn
30、own C.workedknew D.workedhad knownKey：ALook,they_ a good time,_ they?A.havedo B.havedont C.are havingare D.are having arentKey：DTuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun练习He _ angry because he _ for a long time.A.had gothad waited B.gotwaited C.had gotwaited D.gothad waitedKey：DPaper _ first invented in
31、China.A.is B.are C.was D.wereKey：CThe Greens _ China for five years.A.has been in B.have been in C.went to D.has gone to Key：BTuesday,December 27,2022by Helen SunWhere _John _?To the library.He _ there for an hour.A.has been has gone B.hasgonehas been C.did go went D.didbewentBTuesday,December 27,2022by Helen Sun
