1、Unit 3GrammarPresent Perfect Passvie Voicepresent(now)futurepast 过去的动作一直持续到现在 过去的动作对现在产生影响The Present Perfect TenseI have lived in China for 5 years.我在中国住了5年。（从5年前到现在，并且现在还在中国）I lived in China for 5 years.我在中国住了5年。（过去住在中国，现在不在中国）过去的动作一直持续到现在 过去的动作对现在产生影响Someone has broken the window.(窗户现在是坏的窗户现在是坏的)
2、I have already lost the key.(我现在没有钥匙我现在没有钥匙)I havent read the book yet.(不了解书的内容不了解书的内容)时间状语时间状语just;already;ever;never;yet 不确定的时间不确定的时间一段时间一段时间for 3 days;since 3 days ago其他时间其他时间this morning;by now;so far肯定式：肯定式：S+have/has+V-过去分词过去分词(done)否定式：否定式：S+have/has+not+V-过去分词过去分词.一般问句：一般问句：Have/Has+S+V-过去分词
3、过去分词.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词+have/has+S+V-过去分词过去分词.现在完成时的基本结构现在完成时的基本结构“三变三变”例：They have already solved the problem.原句原句主语主语 by的的宾语宾语宾语宾语 主语主语 谓语谓语由主动由主动 被动被动“三不变三不变”原句原句意思意思不变不变 原句原句时态时态不变不变 原句原句主谓宾以外主谓宾以外成分不变成分不变The problem _ by them.has already been solved被动语态被动语态一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+done现在进行时现在进行时am/i
4、s/are+being+done被动语态被动语态现在完成时现在完成时have/has+been+doneAn enemy has been slained.一名敌人被击杀。An ally has been slained.我方队友被击杀。You have been slained.你被击杀了。The Present Perfect Passive Voice现在完成时的被动语态的用法现在完成时的被动语态的用法用法用法1:被动动作发生在过去被动动作发生在过去,已经完成已经完成,对现在造成影响或产生对现在造成影响或产生结果。结果。(already,yet,so far,by now)The let
5、ter (post)already.has been postedMany houses (build)for the poor so far.have been built用法用法2:被动动作发生在过去被动动作发生在过去,持续到现在持续到现在,并有可能继续持续下去。并有可能继续持续下去。(for+一段时间一段时间;since；since+段时间段时间+ago)The machine (repair)for two hours but it still doesnt work.has been repairedPaper money (use)for over 50 years.has bee
6、n used肯定式：肯定式：S+have/has been done.否定式：否定式：S+have/has not been done.一般问句：一般问句：Have/Has+S+been done特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词+have/has+S+been done现在完成被动语态的基本结构现在完成被动语态的基本结构练习练习Tom has invited the singer already.The singer has been invited(by Tom)already.The singer has not been invited(by Tom)yet.Has the sing
7、er been invited(by Tom)yet?Who has been invited(by Tom)?被动被动否定否定一般疑问一般疑问对宾语提问对宾语提问Read the pairs of sentences.Underline and compare the different verb forms.Jans life has been greatly improved by the Internet.The Internet has greatly improved Jans life.Much has been written about the wonders of the
8、World Wide Web.People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.Read the passage again and complete the sentences.Peoples lives _(change)by online communities and social networks.Many people _(help)by the club.Jans life _(improve)greatly by the Internet.have been changedhave been hel
9、pedhas been improved即时训练The children have already been told the good news.1.将原句变为否定句。The children havent been told the good news yet.2.将原句变为一般疑问句。Have the children been told the good news yet?3.对原句中的 the children 进行提问。Who has been told the good news yet?Exercises1.First as a PC and then as a laptop,
10、I_(use)in offices and homes since the 1970s.2.Over time my memory _(develop)so much that I never forget anything I _(told).3.Since the 1970s many new applications _(find)for me.4.I have also _(put)into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as _(help)with medical operations.has developedhave
11、been told have been used have been foundbeen puthelped一一 般般进进 行行完完 成成现在现在过去过去将来将来am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been donewas/were donewas/were being done had been donewill be donewill have been done过去过去将来将来含情态动词含情态动词would be done情态动词情态动词+be+donewill be being done注意事项注意事项1.不及物动词和不及物动词短语不及
12、物动词和不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，如：，没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,take place,break out,come about,survive,remaind,last,die,disappear,end,fail,belong to,consist of.Eg：Great changes have taken place in my hometown recently.Eg:After the traffic accident,no one survived except a person who was badly injured.注意事项注意事项2.一般说来，只有及
13、物动词才有被动语态，一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但许多但许多“不及物动词不及物动词+副词副词或介词或介词”构成的短语动词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉,eg:laugh at,operate on,listen to,look after,take care of,think of,talk about,hand in,catch sight of,make use of,pay attention to,turn onEg.:My sister will b
14、e taken care of by grandma.The patient is being operated on now.练：练：He turned on the radio just now.The radio was turned on by him just now.注意事项注意事项3.如果复合宾语如果复合宾语(宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语)是由是由“宾语宾语+省略省略to的不定式的不定式”构成构成，变为被动语态时，变为被动语态时，动词不定式前的动词不定式前的to要补出来要补出来。Eg:帮（帮（help），），1感（感（feel），2听（听（hear,listen to），），3
15、让（让（let，have，make），），5看（看（watch,see,look at,notice,observe）Eg：I observed a stranger enter the building just now.A stranger was observed to enter the building just now.练：练：Toms mother made Tom clean his room by himself.Tom was made to clean his room by himself.注意事项注意事项4.含有含有双宾语双宾语（直宾：物，间宾：人）的主动句变被动句时
16、，可分别（直宾：物，间宾：人）的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。以以人人当主语时，变法和一当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样般的变法一样，以以物物当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前加to或或forEg.:My uncle gave me a present.I was given a present by my uncle.A present was given to me by my uncle.什么时候用什么时候用to，什么时候用，什么时候用for？1.give,show,lend,sell,tell,p
17、ass,bring,take,teach,offer,pay,promise sth to sb.2.buy,cook,make,find,keep,order,choose,paint sth for sb.注意事项注意事项5.还有以下情况，用还有以下情况，用主动语态表被动主动语态表被动5.1有些动词通常是有些动词通常是及物动词及物动词，但是当它们与常与副词，但是当它们与常与副词well,easily,badly,poorly,nicely,fast,smoothly,等连用等连用表示主语内在品质或表示主语内在品质或性能性能，是不及物动词，用主动表被动，这时不用被动语态，是不及物动词，用主动
18、表被动，这时不用被动语态.Eg：sell(“销售好销售好)”read(好读好读”)，write(“好写好写”)，wash(“耐洗耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿耐穿)，Eg:1)The tickets cost too much and sold badly.2).The pen writes well.3).Can you lend me your pen?Your pen writes smoothly.注意事项注意事项5.还有以下情况，用还有以下情况，用主动语态表被动主动语态表被动5.1感观系动词感观系动词eg：feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系动词，用主动形式表达被等
19、系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，主语是物。动意义，主语是物。Eg:1.The cloth feels soft.这布料摸起来很软。这布料摸起来很软。2.His cake tastes good.他的蛋糕味道很好。他的蛋糕味道很好。3.Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口良药苦口注意事项注意事项6.汉语中含有汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人说有人说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.It was reported that her mo
20、ther died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice.Theyve built a kind of new PC with more functions.A kind of new PC has been built with more functions.n.功能；作用vi.起作用；运转主动语态变被动语态的原则主动语态变被动语态的原则“三变三变”原句原句主语主语 by的的宾
21、语宾语宾语宾语 主语主语 谓语谓语由主动由主动 被动被动n.电池vt.确认；使确信 1.I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer.2.Someone has lost an identity card.3.Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password?The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer.An identity card has been lost.Has the Wi-
22、Fi password been confirmed?4.Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file?5.Has anyone made a comment about the online database?Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file?Has a/any comment been made about the online database?n.文件,档案Discovering Useful Structures(P30)1.因因.而改变而改变2.的奇迹的奇迹3.将将.
23、转化为转化为4.多功能新型多功能新型PC5.下载软件下载软件6.丢失身份证丢失身份证7.确认确认WiFi密码密码8.按下按钮按下按钮9.复制文件复制文件10.发表关于发表关于.的评论的评论11.在线数据库在线数据库be improved bythe wonders ofchange.intonew PC with more functionsdownload the softwarelose an identity cardconfirm the WiFi passwordpress the buttoncopy the filemade a comment aboutonline dateb
24、ase综合练习一、单句语法填空1.The government was pressed(take)some measures at once.2.It is said that the long table used to function a bed for the man.3.Youd better write an email(confirm)the news.4.A new film(talk)about by those girls now.5.The people were ordered(leave)the building at once.6.A new picture wil
25、l be drawn her on her birthday.to takeasto confirmis being talkedto leavefor二、完成句子1.这家公司至今都没有给他一份工作。He by this company yet.2.他们现在并没有在考虑我的建议。My advice by them now.3.这个男孩经常被告诉不要到那个湖里游泳。The boy in that lake.4.到目前为止,已经建立了委员会来处理这件事情。So far,a committee _to deal with it.5.你需要的信息已经从网上下载了。The information you need _from the Internet.hasnt been offered a jobisnt being consideredis often told not to swimhas been set uphas been downloadedThanks For Listening
