1、 Grammar动词不定式作定语和结果状语动词不定式作定语和结果状语 动词不定式作定语和结果状语动词不定式作定语和结果状语语法原句再现 That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.(教材P35).how they use their bodies to pass,score and defend can be amazing to see.(教材P35)This might sound funny,but one only has to think about the Ea
2、rth to realise that our planet is shaped like a football.(教材P36)以上句子中都包含一个动词不定式,在句子中用作定语或结果状语。语法知识点拨语法知识点拨 语法梳理语法梳理一、动词不定式作定语用法用法例句例句逻辑逻辑关系关系主谓关系主谓关系(被修饰的名词或代词实际上被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的逻辑主语)We need someone to help with the work.我们需要有人来帮忙做这份工作。我们需要有人来帮忙做这份工作。动宾关系动宾关系(被修饰的名词或代词是动词被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑
3、宾语不定式的逻辑宾语)Can you give me something to eat?你能给我点吃的东西吗你能给我点吃的东西吗?同位关系同位关系(不定式与所修饰的名词指的不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事是一回事)We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng.我们制订了一个向雷锋学习的计划。我们制订了一个向雷锋学习的计划。状语关系状语关系(被修饰的名词实际上表示动被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等词不定式动作的方式、时间等)I have no time to go there.我没有时间去那儿。我没有时间去那儿。介词介词使用使用不定式与其
4、所修饰的词构成逻辑上的不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系动宾关系,且该不定式为不及物动词时且该不定式为不及物动词时,其后应加上适当的介词其后应加上适当的介词,构成及物动词构成及物动词短语。短语。He is a pleasant person to work with.他是一个合作起来令人感到愉快的人。他是一个合作起来令人感到愉快的人。Having reunited after a longdeparture,the two certainly have a lot to talk about.两人久别重逢两人久别重逢,自有许多话要说。自有许多话要说。不定式作定语且所修饰的名词是不定式作定
5、语且所修饰的名词是time,place或或way时时,不定式后的介词一不定式后的介词一般要省去。般要省去。He had no money and no place to live.他没有钱也没有地方住。他没有钱也没有地方住。主动与主动与被动被动当不定式修饰的名词或代词为不当不定式修饰的名词或代词为不定式动作的承受者时定式动作的承受者时,不定式主动不定式主动形式与被动形式的含义有所不同。形式与被动形式的含义有所不同。There is nothing to do.没有事情可以做。没有事情可以做。There is nothing to be done.什么也做不了。什么也做不了。I have som
6、e clothes to wash.(自己洗自己洗)我有一些衣服要洗。我有一些衣服要洗。I have some clothes to be washed.(他人洗他人洗)我有一些需要洗的衣服。我有一些需要洗的衣服。跟不定跟不定式作定式作定语的语的名词名词ability,ambition,anxiety,decision,desire,failure,offer,permission,plan,promise,refusal,wish,chance等。等。He assured us of his ability to solve the problem.他向我们保证他有能力解决这个问题。他向我们
7、保证他有能力解决这个问题。She expressed a wish to be alone.她表示希望单独待一会儿。她表示希望单独待一会儿。二、动词不定式作结果状语用法用法例句例句意意义义不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语,可以表示没有可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定不定式要放在句子后面。式要放在句子后面。I returned home that day to find that everything was being in good order.那天我回到家后发现一切都那么井井那天我回到家后发现一切都那么井井有条。有条。After the meeting,t
8、hey parted company,never to see each other.散会后他们分道扬镳散会后他们分道扬镳,从此再也没有从此再也没有见面。见面。常常用用结结构构enough to.She was brave enough to go there alone.她足够勇敢独自到那里去。她足够勇敢独自到那里去。too.to.They were too excited to say a word.他们太激动了他们太激动了,以至于一句话也说不出来。以至于一句话也说不出来。so.as to.Yesterday morning I got up so late as to be late f
9、or school.昨天早晨我起得那么晚昨天早晨我起得那么晚,以至于上学都迟到了。以至于上学都迟到了。such.as to.We are not such fools as to believe that.我们不是那样的蠢人我们不是那样的蠢人,竟会相信那件事。竟会相信那件事。only to.They lifted a stone only to drop it on their own feet.他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。语境运用完成句子We find he is not the right person (一起共事).He has made a plan (帮助
10、同学).She rushed home,(却发现)everything was gone.Is the little girl (足够勇敢)to go home alone at night?to work withto help classmatesonly to findbrave enough真题赏析真题赏析1.The researchers then tested the dogs ability (distinguish)between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the persons fac
11、e or images totally different from the ones used in training.(2021浙江6月,阅读理解C)to distinguish答案及剖析:1.to distinguish考查非谓语动词。名词 ability 意为“能力”,为抽象名词,后接不定式作定语。2.Lamb and mother reunited,I turned back to the tractor only _.(see)it move suddenly away from me.(2020浙江7月,完形填空)to see答案及剖析:2.to see考查非谓语动词。“only
12、 to do”表示出乎意料的结果。3.The median(中位数)age of an American in 1950 was 30today it is 41 and is expected (increase)to 42 by 2050.(2020浙江1月,语法填空)to increase答案及剖析:3.to increase考查非谓语动词。根据考查非谓语动词。根据“is expected”可知可知,其后应用不定其后应用不定式式,意为意为“预计将预计将”。课文语法填空 The history of football 1.(go)back over two thousand years t
13、o Ancient China,when it was known 2.cuju.It was a game 3.(use)a ball of animal skins with hair inside,4.goals were hung in the air.Later,modern football started in Great Britain,where new rules were made.Football is simple and very cheap to play,which 5.(be)perhaps the basis of its popularity.People
14、 dont need expensive 6.(equip)and the football doesnt cost much money.Besides,another factor behind its global popularity is the creativity and excitement on 7.field.It is 8.(attract)to millions of people.People can see children playing to 9.(they)hearts content with a ball everywhere.Whats more,it has become one of the best ways for people 10.(communicate).It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field.goesasusingwhoseisequipmenttheattractivetheirto communicate
