1、 Learn to know the word formation rules in English.Learn to know the differences between American English and British English in spelling and words choice.Read the text in understanding ideas and look for words using different types of word formation.Match the words to the types of word formation.ha
2、mburger eggplant pineapple sculpture painting seasick carsick airsick homesick homework housework hardly softly harmful harmless shameful shameless rain snow sunshine WHO IT US abbreviating(缩写缩写)changing the part of speech(改变词性改变词性)adding a prefix or suffix(加前缀或后缀加前缀或后缀)combining two or more words (
3、组合两个或多组合两个或多个单词个单词)abbreviating(缩写缩写)hamburger eggplant pineapple sculpture painting seasick carsick airsick homesick homework housework hardly softly harmful harmless shameful shameless rain snow sunshine WHO IT US changing the part of speech(改变词性改变词性)hamburger eggplant pineapple sculpture painting
4、 seasick carsick airsick homesick homework housework hardly softly harmful harmless shameful shameless rain snow sunshine WHO IT US adding a prefix or suffix(加前缀或后缀加前缀或后缀)hamburger eggplant pineapple sculpture painting seasick carsick airsick homesick homework housework hardly softly harmful harmles
5、s shameful shameless rain snow sunshine WHO IT US combining(组合组合)two or more wordshamburger eggplant pineapple sculpture painting seasick carsick airsick homesick homework housework hardly softly harmful harmless shameful shameless rain snow sunshine WHO IT US Look at the sentences and expressions f
6、rom the reading passage.Match the words in bold to the types of word formation.a.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.b.sculpt a sculpturec.When we see rain,we can say“its raining”d.WHO 1 abbreviating 2 changing the part of speech 3 adding a prefix or suffix 4 combining two or more words1-d2
7、-c3-b4-aNow look for more examples of each type in the reading passage.1.abbreviating:IT,US2.changjing the part of speech:when we see snow,we can say“its snowing”.3.adding a prefix or suffix:paint-painting,hard-hardly,soft-softly,harm-harmless/harmful,shame-shameless/shameful,visible-bining two or m
8、ore words:hamburger,eggplant,seasick,airsick,carsick,homesick,homework,housework英语中，词的构成方法主要有四种：英语中，词的构成方法主要有四种：合成合成法、转化法、派生法和缩写。法、转化法、派生法和缩写。1.合成法：合成法：合成是由两个或更多的词合成一合成是由两个或更多的词合成一个词，可用连字符连接，也可直接写一起，个词，可用连字符连接，也可直接写一起，或者由分开的两个词构成。合成词一般包或者由分开的两个词构成。合成词一般包括：合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词等。括：合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词等。构词法构词法 1
9、)合成名词合成名词名词名词+名词：名词：postman,girlfriend,flowerbed,notebook形容词形容词+名词：名词：blackboard,supermarket,greenhouse名词名词+动词：动词：daybreak,sunrise,haircut动词动词-ing形式形式+名词：名词：reading room,washing machine,dining hall名词名词+动词动词-ing形式：形式：handwriting,papermaking,动词动词+名词：名词：pickpocket,workroom动词动词+副词：副词：breakup,takeaway其它形
10、式：其它形式：get-together,go-between,passer-by2)合成形容词合成形容词形容词形容词/数词数词+名词名词+ed：warm-hearted,five-storeyed名词名词+过去分词：过去分词：home-made,hand-made名词名词+形容词：形容词：world-famous,ice-cool形容词形容词/数词数词+名词：名词：full-time,second-hand形容词形容词+过去分词：过去分词：newborn,narrow-minded副词副词+分词：分词：well-known,newly-built其它形式：其它形式：face-to-face,e
11、vergreen3)合成代词合成代词代词宾格代词宾格/物主代词物主代词+self/selves：herself,ourselves某些不定代词某些不定代词some,any,every,no等等+body/one/thing：anyone,nothing4)合成介词合成介词介词介词+介词：介词：throughout,within5)合成副词合成副词副词副词+名词：名词：indoors,overhead,upstairs介词介词+名词：名词：alongside,beforehand名词名词+形容词：形容词：sky-high副词副词+介词：介词：nearby其它形式：其它形式：meanwhile,h
12、eadfirst6)合成动词合成动词副词副词+动词：动词：overhear,overwork,underline名词名词+动词：动词：moonwalk,sunbathe形容词形容词+动词：动词：whitewash,safeguard2.派生法：派生法：在一个单词之前或之后加上一个词在一个单词之前或之后加上一个词缀，构成一个新词，这种构词法叫派生法。缀，构成一个新词，这种构词法叫派生法。单词前加前缀，一般不改变词性，只引起意单词前加前缀，一般不改变词性，只引起意义上的变化。单词后加后缀，一般意义变化义上的变化。单词后加后缀，一般意义变化不大，只改变了词性。如：不大，只改变了词性。如：(dis)h
13、onest,(il)legal,(ir)regular,fool(ish),farm(er),visit(or)等。等。常见前缀常见前缀含义含义/功能功能例词例词in-,il-,im-,ir-,un-,non-,dis-表否定或反义表否定或反义incorrect,illegal,impolite,irrelative,unnecessary,non-smoking,dislikemis-错误地错误地mislead,misunderstandpre-在在之前之前preschool,previewre-再，重新再，重新retell,rewriteinter-在在之间；之间；相互相互internat
14、ional,interconnect常见名词常见名词后缀后缀含义含义/功能功能例词例词-er，-or表具有特征之人表具有特征之人或用于或用于之物之物teenager,cooker,actor-ment表结果、动作、表结果、动作、状态状态replacement,disappointment,arrangement-tion表结果、动作、表结果、动作、状态状态examination,condition,reflection-hood表身份、性质表身份、性质parenthood,brotherhood常见名词常见名词后缀后缀含义含义/功能功能例词例词-ist表主义者、从事表主义者、从事某种职业某种职
15、业socialist,guitarist-ship表性质、关系表性质、关系ownership,friendship常见副词常见副词后缀后缀含义含义/功能功能例词例词-ly表示方式表示方式carefully,quickly常见形容常见形容词后缀词后缀含义含义/功能功能例词例词-ed表具有表具有interested,aged-ful表有可表有可性质性质的，充满的，充满的的useful,helpful,painful,colourful-less表示无、没有表示无、没有careless,useless-able表示可表示可的，的，有有性质的性质的usable,comfortable3.转化法：转化法
16、：有些名词可作动词，有些形容词可有些名词可作动词，有些形容词可作动词、名词或副词。这种保持词形不变，作动词、名词或副词。这种保持词形不变，但改变词性的方法叫转化法。但改变词性的方法叫转化法。1)动词转化为名词动词转化为名词 有些词在转化过程中词义变化不大，如有些词在转化过程中词义变化不大，如attempt,laugh。有些动词转化为名词时意。有些动词转化为名词时意义有一定的变化，如义有一定的变化，如 tear（v.撕开撕开 n.泪水），泪水），record（v.记载，录制记载，录制 n.记录）。记录）。2)形容词转化为动词、名词或副词形容词转化为动词、名词或副词，如，如narrow（adj.窄
17、的窄的 v.使使变窄），变窄），red（adj.红红色的色的 n.红色），红色），fast（adj.快的快的 adv.迅迅速地）。速地）。3)其它情况的转化其它情况的转化，如，如 head（n.头头 v.朝某方向行进），朝某方向行进），north（adj.北方的北方的 adv.向北）。向北）。4.缩写：用单词或短语的部分内容指代整体。缩写：用单词或短语的部分内容指代整体。1)首字母缩写首字母缩写 WTO World Trade Organization 2)单词截断单词截断 advertisement ad laboratory lab Complete the passage with th
18、e help of word formation.When you open a dictionary,you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.You might think this is a bit scary.But many of them are formed using other simpler words.This is called word formation.Words formed by combining other words are called compounds,for example,_(a frien
19、d that you contact by writing,traditionally using a pen)and _(known by many people).penfriendwell-knownPrefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings.If you add un-or in-to a word,the new word usually means opposite.For example,if something isnt correct its _,and if someone isnt happy theyre _.Word
20、s with the suffixes ment and ness are often nouns.For example,if somebody has improved a lot,they have made great _.incorrectunhappyimprovementSome nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs,or the other way round.When we calm somebody down,they become _.And we can give someone a present by _ it.calm
21、presentingAnd sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words:“World Trade Organization”can be referred to as _,and _ is short for“as soon as possible”.It is impossible to know the meaning of every word,but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings.WTOASAPChoose
22、 one type and come up with as many words as possible.abbreviating changing the part of speech adding a prefix or suffix combining two or more wordsGroup A:unlike,dislike,likely,likelihoodGroup B:unlike,dislike,likeness,likely,liking,unlikelylike给下列单词加上前缀给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-,im-或或mis-,构构成意思相反的词。成意思相
23、反的词。1.agree _plete _3.healthy _4.important _5.able _6.cover _ disagree incompleteunhealthy unimportant unable/disable discover/uncover 7.known _8.understand _9.fair _10.possible _unknown misunderstand unfairimpossible用括号内单词的正确形式填空。用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce
24、the urge to snack(吃点心吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However,be _(care)not to go to extremes.careful 2.She is determined to carry on with her _(educate).3.Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asias biggest building,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are
25、its top _(attract).educationattraction American and British EnglishLearn to know the American English words and their English equivalents.Watch Video for fun!Look at the pictures and get to know the American English words and their English equivalents.a subway(American English)/underground (British
26、English)b highway(American English)/motorway (British English)c theater(American English)/theatre(British English)d gas(American English)/petrol British English)e apartment(American English)/flat(British English)f elevator(American English)/lift(British English)Now complete the passage with the word
27、s above.Today,American English is in common international use.It is different from British English in several ways,mostly in spelling and vocabulary.Some American spellings were created by Noah Webster,who made one of Americas first dictionaries.He changed“-re”spelling to“-er”,which is why _ is spel
28、t _ in American English.theatretheaterThe Americans and the British also use different words for everyday things.For example,Americans talk about putting _ in their cars and driving along the _,whereas in the UK,people put _ in their cars and drive along the _.Americans take the _ to the top floor o
29、f a building,but the British use the _.gashighwaypetrolmotorwayelevatorliftIn the US,they take the _,but in the UK,people travel on the _.Americans live in a(n)_,while the British live in a(n)_.Its not as confusing as it seems:usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the
30、context.But that doesnt stop them having a friendly argument about which word is the“right”one!subwayundergroundapartmentflatDecide whether the following words are American English spelling or British spelling.color metre centre fiber humor organize apologise analyse traveling license colorfiberhumo
31、rorganizetravelinglicensemetrecentreapologiseanalyseBoth of them think theyre on the first floor,but they are on different floors.Im an American.Im an English.Look at the picture and figure out their problem.Noah Webster Born:October 16,1758Place:Hartford,ConnecticutDied:May 28,1848Place:New Haven,C
32、onnecticutDo you know this man?Noah Webster was the author of the first American Dictionary.He wanted to simplify the spelling of English and make it look different from British English.Lets go to the films!OK.But how shall we go to the movies?Why not go by underground?Er,but the subway station is f
33、ar away.Read for fun.Hi,Id like some sweets,please.No problem.All the candy we sell is sweet.I see,so you sell sweet sweets.Shall we move the new bed by lorry?Not by me,I hope.Oh,Im sorry,Lori.I meant by truck.Why there are differences between British and American English?Work in pairs.Find more examples of differences between American and British English.Use a dictionary or search on the Internet.
