1、Westward MovementA important part of Amercian historyIntroductionGold RushBackground Process and resultsEffectsMy opinions1234567Films about the Westward movementIntroduction American Westward Movement,a movement of people from the settled regions of the United States to lands farther west.Between t
2、he early 17th and late 19th centuries,Anglo-American peoples and their societies expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast.This westward movement,across what was often called the American frontier,was of enormous significance.By expanding the nations borders to include more than three mi
3、llion square miles,the United States became one of the most powerful nations of the 20th century.However,this expansion also resulted in great suffering,destruction,and cultural loss for the Native Americans of North America.Background1.The constant expansion of America from the Atlantic coast to th
4、e Pacific coast,more and more people immigrated to Americia.2.In the west region,there is a vast land and rich resources,but a few people in there.3.The constant expansion of Amercia capitalism.Process and results美国独立以后，废除了英国政府颁布的禁止移民向西进的敕令，许多来自东部沿海地区和欧洲的移民纷纷越过阿巴拉契亚山脉涌向西部。据统计，阿巴拉契亚以西的人口在1810年只占美国总人口
5、的1/7，10年以后增长为1/4。这些移民当中，既有南部的奴隶主，也有北部的土地投机商；但人数最多的还是一般贫苦的拓荒者猎人、矿工、牧民和农民，后者是为谋生来到西部的，他们成为西部早期移民的主体。西进运动有过三次高潮。第一次是18世纪末到19世纪初，当时美国从法国手里购得路易斯安那，大批移民纷纷涌向西部，开拓俄亥俄、肯塔基和田纳西等地区，为后来日益扩大的中西部产粮区奠定了基础；第二次是1815年以后，移民们在大湖区开拓，建立了美国谷物生产和畜牧业的基地，同时在南方的濒临墨西哥湾介于佐治亚南部与路易斯安那之间的平原地区，建立棉花种植园，扩大了南部的奴隶制种植园经济；第三次高潮是19世纪中期，开拓
6、了俄勒冈、加利福尼亚等地。到1890年，西进运动正式结束。西进运动和领土扩张是交织在一起的，在西进运动过程中，西部得到开发，大大促进了美国经济的发展；但是，随着西进运动的进行，大批印第安人遭到屠杀，幸存者被强行赶到更为荒凉的“保留地”，他们的被迫迁徙之路也被称为印第安人的“眼泪之路”。Positive effects Population:Also,the Westward Movement is a large-scale immigration.These immigrates helped to build a lot of cities such as San Francisco,Lo
7、s Angeles and so on.Agriculture:After the Westward Movement,the Midwest quickly became a well-known “grain base”.This movement helped to bring mechanization,regionalization and specialization to Americas agriculture.Industrialization:The development of agriculture in the western region provided for
8、industrial development a large amount of food,raw materials,exports and domestic markets.With abundant natural resources there,such as coal,iron ore,oil and water,its industry developed very fast.Many:Transportation:From the 19th century,the government had built 5 railway lines across the west and t
9、he east.politics and democracy:The government made laws to establish the relationship between the western states and federal government.Spirit:It inspired Americans creativity,economic vitality and the character of adventure.And so on.Negative effects Many indians were killed by American Distructed
10、the ecological inviromentMy opinions1.It is inhuman that those Americans killed a lot of Indians,and they always emphasize the human rights,how redicular it is.2.Every coin has two sides,and their spirits was what we need now in China,for example,they pursuited the wonderfull life,they pursiuted the
11、 wealth,they had very strong will to construct their homes,their country,it was that what we need today.We neednt to learn what they have done to the Indians,but we have to concede their spirits and learn it.3.All in all,the Westward Movement was of great values in Americas history.To some degrees,i
12、t helped to improve Americas international status.Without the Westward Movement,America could not have such a great success in this world!淘金热（Gold Rush)淘金热是美国西进运动的产物，也是其中极为重要的一个环节。对美国18-19世纪的经济开发，农业扩张交通革命，工商业发展具有重要的意义。淘金热是由于西进运动的发展引发的人口迁移为开端的。在人口第三次大规模的浪潮来临之际，美国移民萨特在加利福尼亚的萨克拉门托附近发现了金矿，并有冒险商人、操纵者、土地投
13、机家布兰那使金矿发现的消息扩大到全世界。西进运动的发展首先是由于布兰那在加利福尼亚的企业中首次与顾客用金沙交换商品并从中捕获商机开始的，由于他的宣传在一定程度上产生了经济效应。更为重要的是美国政府的支持和引导。美国政府支持西部牛仔向西部披荆斩棘，并在淘金热兴起前后准备正式兼并加利福尼亚，即便在加利福尼亚商品匮乏之时也设法调剂和统筹商品货源。初期金矿被发现后，美国沸腾，世界震撼。近在咫尺的圣弗朗西斯科首先感受到了淘金热的冲击，几乎所有的企业停止了营业，海员把船只抛弃在了圣弗朗西斯科湾，士兵离开了营房，仆人离开了主人，涌向金矿发源地，农民典押田宅，拓荒者卡垦荒地，工人扔下工具，公务员离开写字台，甚
14、至连传教士也离开了布道所。这股热潮一直席卷到圣弗朗西斯科北部的俄勒冈及南部的墨西哥。成千上万的淘金者使加利福尼亚人口猛增。并且许多新近出现的城镇很快成为国际性的城市。影响淘金热期间，由于人口的急剧增长，使得衣食住行变得陡然紧张，特别是服务业的发展无法满足社会的需要。且1848-1851年间，美国批发商品的价格指数847提高到1025，这些情况都反映这次淘金热对美国西部及市场产生了深远的影响。自1854年起，加利福尼亚的淘金热成下降趋势，黄金产值下降，但整个采金业取向深度和广度发展。第二次采金热是50年代在科罗拉多发现金矿至70年代在内华达发现金矿。这时采集矿种增多，并因此使美国作为最大的产金国的地位一直保持到1898年。同时，由于技术的发展使得商人、工业、企业家纷纷形成采矿公司，并逐步控制了采矿区。其影响在于：1）增长了社会财富。2）带动了加利福尼亚地区工业及相关产业的发展。3）人员的涌入，加快了农业、牧业的发展。4）采矿业带动西部交通运输业的发展。Films about the Westward MovementThank you!
