1、This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom。 SL A prep B prep C prep D and E prep F, G prep H prep I J prep K prep L Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，o
2、r both in a particular situation depends， therefore， upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. A prep B prep C prep D 数数 prep N 3、否定结构、否定结构 部分否定部分否定 否定句中出现了表示“全部”的词否定句中出现了表示“全部”的词 all both every each = 并不是所有并不是所有 not everyone ac
3、cepts your opinion. 全部否定全部否定 neither nor never no nobody nowhere none nowhere in the photos was there any sign of water, nor was there any sign of human, but sign of active volcano. 双重否定双重否定 notnot without not no no not until 直译直译 I will not open my class until 8:00. without honest nothing can be do
4、ne in the world. no one can be free till all are free. 形式上否定内容上肯定形式上否定内容上肯定 Yangchenxi is nothing but a good teacher. yangchenxis contribution cannot be exaggeration. you can never be careful enough. I cannot love you anymore I cannot love you more. But never 形式上肯定内容上否定形式上肯定内容上否定 you are everything
5、for me, but a boyfriend. Liang Weiwei is anything but a good teacher. Swimming here is far from/hardly dangerous. last would you like to be mother for my children. you are the last man I want to date with. he is the last man I want to meet. A no more B than C A no less B than C But if no more than n
6、ot more than no more+n.+than no less+n.+than but for anything but nothing but A no more B than C a whale is no more a fish than a horse is. A no less B than C a whale is no less a mammals than a horse is. Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and wit
7、h it possibly the only way to solve our problems（will be rejected also） . it is not work that kills, but worry (kills). everything is good when new, but friends (are good) when old. 时时时时 往往往往 常常常常 often usually always calculator And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and oper
8、ating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage. The target is wrong，1 for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault 2 that lies with ill informed or incompetent users. 21 SLP 1 状状: 时状时状, SVO 地状地状 2 定定: SVO 2 1 英译汉总则：把英语言英译汉总则：把英语言 说成说成 符合符合 汉
9、语习惯汉语习惯 的的 汉语汉语 后重心后重心 意合意合 松散松散 多主多主 动动 汉译英总则：把汉语言汉译英总则：把汉语言 说成说成 符合符合 英语习惯英语习惯 的的 英语英语 前重心前重心 形合形合 聚合聚合 多被多被 动动 the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. to
10、be Ved Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lay outside the area of moral choice. 英语阅读的基本难点在于英语阅读的基本难点在于 英汉语言语序不一致英汉语言语序不一致 英汉语言语序不一致发生在英汉语言语序不一致发生在 定语（四类）定语（四类） 定语从句定语从句 时间时间 地点状语地点状语 方式状语方式状语 所以所以 必须将上述成分
11、必须将上述成分 理解理解 到其修饰的名词、动作前到其修饰的名词、动作前 另另 有部分定语从句 （复杂的） 可有部分定语从句 （复杂的） 可翻译翻译到其先行词后面到其先行词后面 其余成分均应其余成分均应 翻译到其修饰的名词或动作前面翻译到其修饰的名词或动作前面 比较比较 并列并列 否定否定 插入插入 倒装倒装 被动被动 Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDPs drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a
12、steady position on the oceans surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor. 倒装倒装 怎么阅读倒装怎么阅读倒装 = 如何识别倒装如何识别倒装 以及以及 如何翻译倒装如何翻译倒装 正装：正装： S V O 倒装：倒装： V S 全部谓语全部谓语 或或 部分谓语部分谓语 置于主语之前置于主语之前 1、倒装的发生环境、倒装的发生环境 S Vi S Vi Sc 2、部分倒装与完全倒装、部分倒装与完全倒装 完全倒装：完
13、全倒装： 全部谓语置于主语之前全部谓语置于主语之前 Vi S 部分倒装部分倒装 一部分谓语置于主语之前一部分谓语置于主语之前 S Vi Sc I am a teacher Vi S Sc am i a teacher Sc S Vi a teacher i am S 助助 Vi (Sc)= 助助 S Vi (Sc) may the force be with you 3、如何识别倒装、如何识别倒装 当定状同插找完当定状同插找完 却却 依然说不成人话依然说不成人话 = 判断是否倒装判断是否倒装 A. Vi or Vt ?= if Vt =不是倒装不是倒装=定状同插找错了定状同插找错了 重重 新找
14、新找 B. if Vi =基本判定是倒装基本判定是倒装 C. whether Vi 前面前面 有有主语（动作的发出者）主语（动作的发出者）= 部分倒部分倒 装装 Vi 前面前面 无主语无主语 = 完全倒装完全倒装 believe You me. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted.And only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. thou
15、gh it sounds Odd, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. A prep B prep C they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and th
16、us do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances. underestimate But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man machine integration: It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead
17、to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. S L A of B of C 但皮尔森指出，那只是但皮尔森指出，那只是 Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture“, like the concept of “set“ in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. A prep B
18、prep C prep phrase A of B of 极连结构极连结构 A of B of C of D 数量数量 a hundred of students A of 数数 of B of C The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. A prep B prep C S be Ved O 3
19、、被动结构、被动结构 英语多被动英语多被动 汉语多主动汉语多主动 英语中的被动结构英语中的被动结构 原则上原则上 一般要一般要 翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 关键在于找到逻辑主语关键在于找到逻辑主语 I teach you Vt 不倒装不倒装 Vi 不被动不被动 you are taught by me S be Ved O 形式主语形式主语 形式宾语形式宾语 逻辑宾语逻辑宾语 逻辑主语逻辑主语 Vi 不被动不被动 被动之后没有主语被动之后没有主语 没有主语不成句子没有主语不成句子 英语多被动英语多被动 汉语多主动汉语多主动 被动结构翻译被动结构翻译 关键在于关键在于 找到找到 逻辑主
20、语逻辑主语 一般是一般是 形式宾语形式宾语 It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either the consideration humans extend to other humans or with no consideration at all. Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense
21、of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. A prep B prep C prep D During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. A Ved inf. B p
22、rep C prep D argument 白雪主公和七个小矮人白雪主公和七个小矮人 Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. 为为 。 。
23、 。 。 。 。 。 所。 。 。 。所。 。 。 。 In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. 在欧洲的早
24、期工业化国家之中，工业化的进程在欧洲的早期工业化国家之中，工业化的进程伴随着随伴随着随 之而来的社会结构中的深远变化之而来的社会结构中的深远变化持续了接近一个世纪。持续了接近一个世纪。 HSK CET A prep B 定定 主语和宾语之间的主动主语和宾语之间的主动 受动关系不明显受动关系不明显= 被动结构顺着被动结构顺着 说说 可以说成可以说成 被字句被字句 However，the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascina
25、ting and delightful aspects. Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 为为 所所 The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly
26、 observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. Allens contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control throug
27、h the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ” This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at
28、 the bottom。 explanation explore exploitation augment argument subject object interpret integrate 百词斩百词斩 circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation. The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible。 A Ved prep B 定定 SLP
