1、企业资源计划-ERP(英文)Course ObjectivesvIntroduce you to ERP systems and Identify key components vUnderstand business process issues and implementation concerns related to ERP systemsvDevelop a strategy for introducing ERP and electronic commerce into your organization Understand basic components of an inte
2、grated ERP system including types of products,functionality,Understand and explain newer business concepts such as e-commerce,B2B,B2C,CRM etcProject Management Introduction to ERP SystemsvBusiness Organisation and Functionv The Evolution of Information Systems(ERP)vDefinition and Description of ERP(
3、Types)vBenefits of ERP Systems Business Organisation and FunctionBusiness Functions ACCOUNTING AND FINANCEMARKETING AND SALESHUMAN RESOURCESPRODUCTION AND MATERIALS MANAGEMENTBusiness Function Accounting&Finance vVendor paymentsvReceipting of cash from customersvAccounts receivable functionvRecordin
4、g of raw materials purchasesvRecording of SalesvGenerating financials statementsvAsset register maintenanceBusiness Function Human Resource vOrganisation DevelopmentPerformance ManagementTrainingvHR Information Systems-Payroll-Personnel AdministrationEmployee Self ServicevHR CommunicationvLabour Rel
5、ationsvEmployee Assistance ProgrammesBusiness Function Prod&Materials Mgmt vMaking the productvPurchasing raw materials for making the productvProduction planning used to develop orders for raw materials vRaw material orders are based on the production plans,so that sufficient raw materials are avai
6、lable to support the production plan,but excessive inventory that might spoil is not carriedvInventory managementBusiness Function Marketing and Sales vDeveloping productsvDetermining pricingvPromoting products to customersvTaking customer ordersvCreate sales forecastsvMarket research in relation to
7、 productsThe Evolution of Information Systems(ERP)Definition and Description of ERP(Types)ERP Systems vEarly 1990s first fully integrated software systemvCurrent ERP systems evolved as a result of development of hardware and software technology needed to support systemsvDevelopments of vision of int
8、egrated systemsvRelease of personal productivity software(word-processing)v1979 Introduction of first spreadsheet software(complex business analysis without programming)hence need to connect individual users PCsvTelecommunications allowed sharing of data(server to client)vERP began on a factory floo
9、r(inventory tracking system Materials Requirements Planning)ERP Systems vAn ERP system is defined by Markus et al.(2000:245)as a software package which makes possible the sharing of business information stored on a common database among targeted business units in the entire organisation.vEnterprise
10、Resource Planning is a way of making internal processes in an organisation to work in harmony.In an ERP software all components of an organisation functions are supported therefore data or information is shared across the entire organisation.vThe purpose served by an ERP system is of organising,codi
11、fying and standardisation of the business processes and information or data.Furthermore ERP systems provide an enterprise with a common language and a common pool of data(Norris et al.2000:12-13;Adam and ODoherty,2000:306)Overview of major ERP systemsORACLEJD EDWARDBAAN SAPPEOPLESOFTTELECOMMUNICATIO
12、N FMCGFINANCIAL SERVICESNGOsMANUFACTURINGUTILITIESTHE PUBLIC SECTORWhat Does“SAP”Stand For?SystemsApplications and Products in Data ProcessingSAP vFounded in 1972vBased in Walldorf,GermanyvWorlds largest inter-enterprise software company vThird largest independent software supplier v13,000+customers
13、 in 120+countriesvEmploys a workforce of over 22,900(June 00)vOffices in more than 50 countriesWhat SAP Is and Is NotSAP Is.vJust softwarevVery flexible(to a point)vVery complicated,but fairly easy to learnvVery high quality,industrial strength productvA set of business processesvA data modelvThe“Po
14、ster Child”for scope creepSAP Is Not.vTHE answervThe strategic or operational visionvA substitute for good planningvConducive to a loose project approachvInstalled via A:SETUPvSuccessful without extensive user involvementERP Systems overview vORACLE vPEOPLESOFTvJ.D.EdwardsvBAANOverview of Oracle Ove
15、rview PeopleSoft Overview J.D.Edwards Now part of PeopleSoftOverview BAAN Benefits of ERP systems Modules and Organisational Structures Introduction to SAP R/3-the SystemR/3FIFinancialAccountingCOControllingPSProjectSystemWFWorkflowISIndustrySolutionsHRHumanResourcesMMMaterialsMgmt.SDSales&Distribut
16、ionPPProductionPlanningQMQualityMgmt.PMPlant MaintenanceSMServiceMgmt.Integrated SolutionClient/ServerOpen SystemsECEnterpriseControllingAAAsset AccountingBWBusinessWarehouseIntroduction to SAP R/3-the SystemvThe R/3 SystemOver 1000 predefined transactionsPossibility of 30 different languages14 diff
17、erent modulesFIFinancialAccountingCOControllingPSProjectSystemECEnterpriseControllingAAAsset AccountingR/3 Financial ApplicationsvGeneral ledgervAccounts Receivable/PayablevSpecial LedgersvFixed Asset AccountingvOverhead ManagementvActivity Based CostingvProduct Cost AccountingvProfitability Analysi
18、svInvestment Planning/Budgeting/ControllingvDepreciation Forecast/Simulation/CalculationvExecutive Information SystemvProfit Center AccountingvWork Breakdown StructurevCosts and budgetingvTime schedulingvOrders in the projectR/3 Logistics Applications(1/2)vSales Promotion/Sales ActivitiesvInquiries/
19、Quotations/OrdervContracts and scheduling agreementsvShipping/Transportation/Foreign tradevBillingvMaterials requirements planningvPurchasingvGoods movementvInvoice verificationvInventory management Simulation/CalculationvSales/Production planningvMaterial requirements planningvForecastingvCapacity
20、planningvShop Floor Information SystemvManagement reportingvData collection from various sources stored in a central repositoryv“Slice and Dice”BW Business WarehouseMMMaterialsMgmt.SDSales&DistributionPPProductionPlanningR/3 Logistics Applications(2/2)R/3 Human ResourcesvService planningvProcessing
21、service ordersvService Information SystemvQuality planningvQuality inspectionvQuality Management Information SystemvMaintenance planningvProcessing maintenance ordersvMaintenance Information SystemvRecruitment managementvPersonnel Capacity and Shift PlanningvPayroll accountingHRHumanResourcesQMQuali
22、tyMgmt.PMPlant MaintenanceSMServiceMgmt.Benefits and Constraints of SAP R/3vBenefitsCommonalityIntegration FlexibilityWorld wide usageReal-time processingvConstraintsQuality of Master Data drives integrity of transactional dataSAP StrengthsvTightly integrated software architecturevMulti-national and multi-site supportvEase of use and product functionalityvClient/server technologyvReal-time informationOverview Oracle
