1、How to deal with the complicated sentences1Barriers to understanding a text too many new wordsLack of some backgrounds Lack of the ability to analyze a long sentenceBad habits,2 句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。不管句子有多句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰主干和修饰成分。成分。主干主干是整个句是整个句子的骨架，主
2、要指子的骨架，主要指主谓宾主谓宾结构或结构或主系表主系表结构结构。而修饰成分在句中只起。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。How much do you know about the long and complicated sentence?3Warm
3、ing-up:translation Types&waysPracticeApplication4 The reason why the Beatles lives up to the reputation as the milestone in pop music lies in the fact that they are capable of adding their emotions and feelings for political affairs to their songs.甲壳虫乐队不负声名，是流行乐坛的里程碑，其原因在于他们能将自己对于政治事件的看法和情感融入他们的歌曲。A
4、t last,the leader drew the conclusion that he preferred to run a risk of developing new products rather than go on producing the products that cant meet the demands of the new market.最后，领导得出理论：他宁可冒险开发新产品也不愿意继续生产这些无法满足市场需要的产品。5 Child as he is,he has known that the more exposed he is to financial issu
5、es,and the younger he becomes aware of them,the more likely he is to become a responsible,forward-planning adult who can manage his finances confidently and effectively.尽管他还是个孩子，却已经知道越早接触到财务问题，越早意识到它们的存在，他就越有可能成为一个有责任心、有前瞻性的成年人，能自信有效地处理财务问题。Despite the fact that many fans have waited outside the gat
6、e of the booking office,many of them will still be told that the tickets are available only to the first 100 people free of charge.尽管许多粉丝在售票厅前等了很久，但他们中的绝大部分仍将被告知只有前100人能免费拿到门票。6 Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the
7、 number hired last year,to help reduce unemployment pressures.介词短语介词短语时间状语时间状语介词短语介词短语同位语同位语过去分词做定语过去分词做定语定语定语长难句之分门别类篇长难句之分门别类篇1.带有较多成分带有较多成分 的简单句的简单句不定式做状语不定式做状语Schools are expected to hire college graduates去枝叶去枝叶,留主干。留主干。School are expected to hire college graduates.句子主干句子主干：72.含有多个从句的复合句含有多个从句的复
8、合句找从属连词找从属连词,分析从句分析从句,理解句意。理解句意。Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say that he didnt know that his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.一个
9、女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉对方她的离婚了；而听见一个男人说直到他对方她的离婚了；而听见一个男人说直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的。才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的。83.并列和主从复合句并存并列和主从复合句并存I cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths population grows and we use more and more of our nonren
10、ewable(不能再生的不能再生的)resources,our children may have to lead poorer lives.在在possibility后由后由that引导的引导的_从句中从句中还含有一并列结构的还含有一并列结构的_.同位语从句同位语从句我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：随着地球上我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：随着地球上人口的不断增长，我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资人口的不断增长，我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。时间状语从句时间状语从句/_9The old wo
11、rker insisted that he wasnt old and that he be sent back to the working post again.在insist 后面引导了两个并列的_从句,第一个 _ 从句中使用的是_语气，第二个_从句中使用的是_语气宾语宾语真实真实虚拟虚拟_宾语宾语宾语宾语10 并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法 先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句 If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English
12、language,you will get answers like“Shakespeare”,“Samuel Johnson”,and“Webster”,but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak EnglishWilliam,the Conqueror.如果你让人们说出一个曾经对英语产生过巨大影响如果你让人们说出一个曾经对英语产生过巨大影响的人，他们准会说像莎士比亚、塞缪尔约翰逊的人，他们准会说像莎士比亚、塞缪尔约翰逊、韦伯斯、韦伯斯特等诸如此类的人。特等诸如此类的人。
13、但论其影响他们当中无人能抵得上但论其影响他们当中无人能抵得上一个甚至不会说英语的人一个甚至不会说英语的人征服者威廉。征服者威廉。114.含有插入语的句子含有插入语的句子这种句子的特点是在正常的这种句子的特点是在正常的句子中句子中插入一些或长或短的插入一些或长或短的成分或句子成分或句子，比如，比如同位语（从句）、同位语（从句）、非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语等等非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语等等，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解上的困难。我们称之为上的困难。我们称之为“打岔打岔”。有时有。有时有逗号或破逗号或破折号折号分
14、开。分开。忽略插入成分忽略插入成分,直奔句子主题直奔句子主题.12 The lack of right male role models in many of their livesat home and particularly in the school environment means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.在他们很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其是在学校，在他们很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其是在学校，缺少合适的男性榜样，这就意味着他们只好对照自己的缺少合适的男性
15、榜样，这就意味着他们只好对照自己的同龄人同龄人来评判自己来评判自己。13 Science has become so important in the modern world,with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted,that it is included among modern social institutions.随着科学研究程序达到高度标准化并被广泛接受，随着科学研究程序达到高度标准化并被广泛接受，在当今世界上，科学已变得如此重要，以至被纳入现在当今世界上，科学已变得如此重要，以至被纳入现代社
16、会制度之中代社会制度之中。14 5.成分省略成分省略 The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally wont pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females,whereas girls usually will.把握大意把握大意,找出上文对应找出上文对应信息信息,补充省补充省略成分略成分.pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at males.15 Before 1066,in the land w
17、e now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.6.倒装句倒装句确定主语确定主语,调整语序调整语序,把握大意把握大意.Before 1066,peoples belonging to two major language groups lived in the land we now call Great Britain.1066年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上，年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上，住着属于两个主要语种的民族。住着属于两个主要语种的民族。161.Mobile phone
18、 SIM cards which are put in the collars(项圈项圈)of elephants automatically send a text message when they get too close to farms,allowing wildlife workers to drive them off rather than shoot them.2.I was discussing this problem recently with a colleague who had been beating his head against the wall for
19、 months trying to get a story about a mysterious“dark force”in cosmology(宇宙学宇宙学)past editors at NewYorker.小小试试牛刀牛刀 _ _ _17 Sumup:长长难句之难句之方法总结篇方法总结篇18 1.1.带有较多成分的简单句带有较多成分的简单句-去枝叶，留主干。去枝叶，留主干。2.2.含有多个从句的复合句含有多个从句的复合句 -找从属连词找从属连词,分析从句分析从句,理解句意。理解句意。3.3.含有插入成分的句子含有插入成分的句子 -忽略插入成分忽略插入成分,直奔句子主题。直奔句子主题。4.
20、4.倒装句倒装句-确定主语确定主语,调整语序调整语序,把握大意。把握大意。5.5.成分省略成分省略 -把握大意把握大意,找出对应信息找出对应信息,补充省略成分补充省略成分。191.In recent centuries,trade,industrialization,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades,all ha
21、ve caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.(2018年全国年全国卷卷C篇篇)PracticeApplication202.This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side effect
22、s such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017年全国年全国卷卷)(定)(定)PracticeApplication21PracticeApplication3.The movement,which is believed to have started in Prince Georges school in South London,isnt intended to discourage close friendships,but rath
23、er encourage a wider friend group,Greenberg says.(2019年茂名一模年茂名一模B篇篇)Why do schools ban the term“best friends”?A.To make students concentrate on their studies.B.To encourage students to make more friends.C.To prevent students from falling in love at a young age.D.To discourage students from having a
24、close relationship.(定)224.Filled with air,they will float on the oceans surface,and have screens hanging down below forming a huge floating container to catch the plastic rubbish that gathers together when moved by the currents(水流).(2019年分科综合模拟测试六 C篇)What is used to take in the plastic rubbish?A.The
25、 long tube B.The screens C.The floating currents D.The tiny container5.Back in 1983,as two scientists reported,young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017年全国卷D篇)What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noise.B.It gets h
26、elp from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.(定)(状)(定)(定)(状)(定)236.Beauticians,bartenders,piano players and people with purple hats,Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends,from walks through the streets of her native Jackson,Miss.,from convers
27、ations overheard on a bus.(2016年全国年全国卷阅读卷阅读B篇篇)What can we learn about the characters in Weltys fiction?A.They live in big cities.B.They are mostly women.C.They come from real life.D.They are pleasure seekers.7.She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put
28、the money into her school fund(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).(2018年全国年全国卷卷D篇篇)What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A.Saving up for her holiday.B.Raising money for a poor girl.C.Adding the money to her fund.D.Giving the money to a sick mother.(同位)(定)(状)2
29、48.In an effort to prevent language loss,scholars from a number of organizations,including UNESCO and National Geographic,have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect.(2014年全国卷卷D篇)Many scholars are making efforts to _A.promote global languages.B.rescue the di
30、sappearing languages.C.search for languages communities.D.set up languages research organizations.(状)(定)259.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali
31、Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida.(2015年全国I卷 C篇)What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks.B.Projects C.Donations.D.Documents.(定)(状)26Activity4.Consolidation 27Today,the use of solar panels and energy storage in homes is a much discussed subject.As countries push for re
32、newables and new technologies such as solar panels or electric cars become ever more accessible,it seems as if the house of the future is set to be selfsufficient,independent from the grid(电网),feeding its inhabitants needs with green energy from the sun.Researchers have been focusing on the problems
33、 of home energy selfsufficiency for a long time and have come up with interesting results.The conclusion is that energy selfsufficiency in homes with solar panels and batteries may come with an expensive price tag and that there may be better solutions out there to go green.The problem starts with t
34、he bad timing of solar energy and energy consumption:while the sun shines at its maximum around midday,most homes consume the most in the morning and in the evening.Add to the fact that in many countries most of the solar energy is available in the summer months and youre set for dark times.No matte
35、r how many solar panels are added up,the maximum attainable selfsufficiency will be around 40%.To go beyond 40%selfsufficiency,energy storage seems the natural answer.Trying to reach a selfsufficiency of 60%can easily cost twice as much as using the grid.The lack of a longterm energy policy keeps ho
36、meowners and installers cautious,afraid to invest and bear all the risks.The researchers also took a look at the impact on the power grid of solar panels and home energy storage and the results seem depressing.Power plants will need to be able to answer to quicker variations in demand.All this will
37、impact power grid prices,a field where research is still lacking.Fortunately,all is not lost.The paper points out that a hybrid approach must be taken for a sustainable energy use.Using several energy sources helps to balance out each ones disadvantages.Consumption can also be adapted through intell
38、igent appliances that can adjust to the conditions available,as can the energy storage system work in a more intelligent way.Recent energy storage technologies,such as liion batteries,continue to enjoy strong price reductions while the share of electric vehicles continues to increase.The field is ev
39、olving fast and research continues but,in the meanwhile,there is no magic bullet,the best option is to keep some solar panels and continue to play along with the grid.28Activity4.Consolidation As countries push for renewables and new technologies such as solar panels or electric cars become ever mor
40、e accessible,it seems as if the house of the future is set to be selfsufficient,independent from the grid(电网电网),feeding its inhabitants needs with green energy from the sun.释义释义随着国家推动可再生能源和新技术，如太阳能电池板或电动汽车变得越来越容易随着国家推动可再生能源和新技术，如太阳能电池板或电动汽车变得越来越容易，似乎未来的房子将是自给自足的，独立于电网，以来自太阳的绿色能源满足房屋居民，似乎未来的房子将是自给自足的，独立于电网，以来自太阳的绿色能源满足房屋居民的要求的要求 1.D 2.D 3.A2930
