1、 How to Write a Composition?高考要求 根据考纲，英语高考中的书面表达要求考生根据情景，写一篇120-150字的短文。短文不但要有内容描述，还要有观点和感想。其目的主要是考查考生是否能够用所学的英语知识，用合乎英语习惯的表达方式传递信息，进行思想交流。考查形式是图表、文字和图画任选其一。因此，考生要具有连词、组句和谋篇布局的能力，对图表类比、分析的能力和对图画的观察、信息转换的能力。根据考试说明和评分要求，考生应该做到：一、切中题意。切题与表达是不可分割的统一体，内容不切题，再好的表达也无济于事。其中，审题是做到切题的第一步。所谓审题就是要看清题意，确定文章的中心思想
2、、主题，并围绕中心思想组织材料。二、情节信息完整。这里的情节信息，就是书面表达所提供的内容要点，这是短文的核心部分。在提示说明中，有时把情节信息，一、二、三、四逐个列出，当然一目了然，但有时不一定交代得很具体，只给了大致轮廊，这就要求我们自己思考确定，逐条列出，写作时不致漏掉要点。特别是写由几幅图画组成的短文更需要动脑筋，通过现象抓本质，确定每幅画的信息点。三、语言基本无误。三、语言基本无误。所谓语言无误，包含两层意思，一是用词准确，能充分表达原意。二是语法规范，符合英语习惯。写出来的句子，读起来语感正常，不牵强附会，不生搬硬套，通篇读完，有英语味道。纵使达不到native speakers的
3、写作水平，但起码得让人家觉得acceptable。我们写作中最大的毛病是Chinglish(汉语式英语)，既糟蹋了英语，又曲解了汉语。下面的句子，貌似正确，其实都是病句：1.Dont persuade him.He wont listen to you.2.Why did you against me at the meeting?3.He promised his daughter to go with him.4.Is the house belonged to you?5.My father was only ten when the war was broke out 下面我们对一些在
4、英语写作中典型的病句实例逐一加以剖析.一一.不一致（不一致（Disagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致，时态不一致及代词不一致等了数的不一致，时态不一致及代词不一致等.例例1.When one have money,he can do what he want to.(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么.)剖析：剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为应改为has;同理，同理，want应改为应改为wants.本本句是典型的主谓不一致句是典型的主谓不一
5、致.改为：改为：Once one has money,he can do what he wants(to do)二.修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers）英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解.例1.I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.剖析：better位置不当，应 置于句末.三.句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气
6、上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.例1.There are many ways to know the society.For example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.剖析：本句后半部分for example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句.改为：There are many ways to know society,for example,by TV
7、,radio,and newspaper.四.悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如：At the age of ten,my grandfather died.这句中at the age of ten只点出十岁时，但没有说明”谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了.改为：When I was ten,my grandfather died.例1.To do well in college,good grades are essential.剖析
8、：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college”的逻辑主语不清楚.改为：To do well in college,a student needs good grades.五五.词性误用词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等.例1.None can negative the importance of money.剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。改为：None can deny the importance of money.六.指代不清(Ambiguous Reference
9、 of Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：Mary was friendly to my
10、sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.例1.And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：We can also know society by serving it ourselves.七.不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。例1.There are many ways we get to know the outside
11、 world.剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.”以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world 八.措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词
12、语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。例1.The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusive use(滥用)”。改为：The abu
13、sive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.九.累赘(Redundancy)言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy,I like him.本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his laziness,I like him.例1.For
14、 the people who are diligent and kind,money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。改为：Diligent,caring people use money only to buy what they need.十.不连贯(Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。例1.The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth.剖析：Th
15、e fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。改为：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.十一.综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误。例1.Today,Money to everybody is very importance,ours eat,cloth,live,go etc.如何写好英语作文呢?一.写好句子 1 1、句子要正确。、句子要正确。2 2、句子要
16、平行。、句子要平行。3 3、句子要连贯。、句子要连贯。4 4、句子要有逻辑性。、句子要有逻辑性。5 5、句子要避免过多重复。、句子要避免过多重复。6 6、句子要避免头重脚轻。、句子要避免头重脚轻。7 7、句子要避免汉式英语。、句子要避免汉式英语。二二.写好段落写好段落三三.用好过渡词用好过渡词四四.写好开头和结尾写好开头和结尾 一.写好句子 1.句子要正确：句子要正确：1).Do you know where is the Peoples Park?2).There are many visitors enjoy the dish.Many visitors enjoy the dish.Th
17、ere are many visitors who enjoy the dish.Do you know where the Peoples Park is?2.2.句子要平行句子要平行 In my spare time,I enjoy popular music and collecting stamps.In my spare time,I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps.3.3.句子要连贯句子要连贯 Go into the park.Go forward.Cross the street.Turn right.
18、After you enter the park by the main gate,walk straight till you come to a stream.Cross the stream and turn right.4.句子要有逻辑性句子要有逻辑性 Im very interested in computer and won first prize last year.I was very interested in computer and won first prize last year.5.句子要避免过多重复句子要避免过多重复.You will continue to wa
19、lk.Youll see a hill.You will go around the hill.Youll get to a lake.After walking for a while,youll come to a hill,walk round to the other side of the hill.There youll see a lake.6.句子要避免头重脚轻句子要避免头重脚轻Chinese,maths,English,physics,chemistry and computer are the main subjects.The main subjects are Chin
20、ese,maths,English,physics,chemistry and computer.7.句子要避免汉式英语句子要避免汉式英语My spare lovers are swimming,skating,collecting stamps and listening to popular music.In my spare time,Im fond of swimming,In my spare time,my hobbies are swimming,skatingIn my spare time,I enjoy swimming,skating 某英语杂志社“家长之友”栏目要举办一
21、次征文比赛,要求围绕“You can lead a horse to water,but you cant make it drink.”这一主题发表意见.请根据下列提示写一篇文章.内容提示:许多家长望子成龙,不惜重金送孩子上私立学校,到国外留学,请家教,给他们买大量的资料,电脑等,但往往这些都注意事项:投稿人应提示内容,表明自己的观点:Nowadays,knowledge is becoming more and more important with the development of society,so many parents expect the children to be u
22、seful or successful.They spare no effort to offer their children as good a chance as possible:They not only send them abroad for further education and to private schools at great expenses,but also hire personal teachers.They buy allkinds of learning materials,computers and so on.But no matter what t
23、heir parents do for the children,what becomes of the children?Some of them really make it,but most of them want to enjoy and relax themselves and at last they are really disappointing.This proves the meaning of the saying“You can lead a horse to water,but you cant make it drink.”That is to say,you c
24、an give someone all the opportunities for success,but you cant make every person successful.二.写好段落 二.写好段落 段落本身又是一篇小短文,包括主题句、支持句和结尾句。高考题参考范文高考题参考范文:主题句是全文的第一句主题句是全文的第一句:Sun Shuwei,a world champion in diving,is a boy of 14 from Guangdong.结尾句是全文最后一句结尾句是全文最后一句:A year later in 1990,he won a gold medal at
25、 the 11th Asian Games and became a world champion at the 6th World Swimming Championships early this year.假设你是李晓平，是“江苏中学”的学生。请你围绕“建设和谐社会”的主题，根据下面所给出的要点提示，用英语给全省中学生写一封倡议书。提示 1.人与社会：祖国、家乡、学校，热爱关心 2.人与人：家人、师长、同学，诚信互助 3.人与自然：能源、环境、动植物、爱惜保 护 4.你的态度：（内容由考生自己决定）。注意：1、词数：100左右；2、内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。Dear fellow s
26、tudents,Our government is aiming to build a“harmonious society”.I think it is every citizens duty to work hard to achieve this goal.As high school students,what shouldwe do?Secondly,lets fill the world with love.We should show our respect for old people,our parents and our teachers.We should also ca
27、re for each other and help those in need.Most important of all,all of us must be faithful and honest in our daily life.Finally,lets work together to save energy and protect our naturalenvironment,including animals,trees,flowers and grass.三.过渡词1.and,in addition,first,second,third 2.before,after,when,
28、later,immediately3.beyond,beside,behind,below,inside4.but,still,however,even,though5.because,so,therefore,thus,otherwise6.so that,indeed,above all,for example7.finally,in other words,in brief四四.开头和结尾开头和结尾开头方法开头方法:开门见山、解释和描述主开门见山、解释和描述主 题、提供背景知识、小故事题、提供背景知识、小故事 引路、提出问题、倒叙、悬引路、提出问题、倒叙、悬 念、名言、描写等等念、名言、
29、描写等等.结尾方法结尾方法:总结主要观点、重复开头或总结主要观点、重复开头或 题目、提出结论、提出问题题目、提出结论、提出问题 暗示答案、引言、故事等等暗示答案、引言、故事等等.2.想好开头句想好开头句.Most students of our school,including me,are against the construction of a chemical factory near our school.Most students of our school,including me,are against the construction of a chemical factory near our school.Good-bye!
