1、人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册期末重点单词、短语、句型、篇章讲义Unit 1in particular尤其;特别set apart from使与众不同;使突出;使优于rank n.地位;级别;行列 vt. & vi.把分等级;使排成行purchase vt.购买;采购 n.购买;购买的东西emerge vi. & vt.出现;浮现;暴露be fond of 喜爱;喜欢investment n.投资额;投资;(时间、精力的)投入permanent adj.永久的;永恒的;长久的criticism n.批评,指责;评论representative adj.典型的;有代表性的 n.代表d
2、ecline n.(数量、价格、质量等的)减少;下降;衰落 vi. & vt.减少;下降;衰落;谢绝exhibition n.展览;(技能、感情或行为的)表演entry n.加入;进入;参与recognition n.承认;认出;赞誉bring.to life赋予生命;使鲜活起来guarantee vt.保证;确保;肯定必然发生 n.保证;保修单;担保物worthy adj.值得的;有价值的be worthy of 值得Unit 2in response to回答;答复reward n.回报;奖励;报酬 vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬rely vi.依赖;依靠;信赖negative adj.消极的
3、;有害的;否定的straight away立即;马上decide on决定;选定make up ones mind下定决心compose vt. & vi.组成;作曲;撰写be composed of 由组成(或构成)的disturb vt.打扰;搅乱;使烦恼specialist n.专科医生;专家dizzy adj.头晕目眩的stimulate vt.激发;促进;刺激stressed out焦虑不安;心力交瘁worn out筋疲力尽的;疲惫的enhance vt.提高;增强;增进refresh vt.使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新absorb vt.吸引全部注意力;吸收Unit 3emission
4、 n.排放物;散发物;排放starve vi. & vt.(使)挨饿;饿死release vt. & n.排放;释放;发布trend n.趋势;趋向;动向frequently adv.频繁地;经常policy n.政策;方针;原则restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚restriction n.限制规定;约束seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制reform vi. & vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良harmonious adj.和谐的moderate adj.适度的;中等的;温和的 vi.& vt.缓和;使适中submit vt. & vi.提交;呈递;屈服annual a
5、dj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴on behalf of代表(代替)某人sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的restore vt.恢复;使复原;修复dozens of许多;很多inspection n.检查;查看;视察fine vt.对处以罚款campaign n.运动;战役 vi. & vt.参加运动;领导运动tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许Unit 4bitter adj.严寒的;味苦的turn sb. down拒绝(某人)qualified adj.符合资格;具备的知识(或技能、学历等)enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的aboard adv.
6、& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)assign vt.分派;布置;分配envy n. & vt.羡慕;妒忌sink vi. (sank or sunk, sunk)沉没;下沉;下降vt.使下沉;使沉没abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃genuine adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的resolve vi. & vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难)n.决心;坚定的信念resolution n.决议;解决;坚定cruel adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的thorough adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的furniture n.家具fortunately adv.幸运地damp adj.潮湿的;
7、湿气重的guidance n.指导;引导;导航advertise vt. & vi.公布;宣传;做广告candidate n.候选人;应试者make fire生火give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献motive n.动机;原因;目的Unit 5sorrow n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事vi.感到悲伤be made up of由组成(构成)mood n.情绪;心情;语气tease vi. & vt.取笑(某人);揶揄;逗弄respective adj.分别的;各自的delicate adj.精美的;精致的;脆弱的shelf n.(pl. shelves
8、)架子;搁板sympathy n.同情;赞同innocent adj.天真无邪的;无辜的;无恶意的sow vt. & vi.(sowed, sown or sowed) 播种;种deadline n.最后期限;截止日期contest n.比赛;竞赛;竞争vt.争取赢得(比赛、选举等);争辩complicated adj.复杂的;难懂的重点句型1.However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is co
9、mmon in all festivals.译文然而，无论它们多么迥异，在世界各地，分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日之中。结构分析 no matter how 引导让步状语从句，”无论多么“，主句为主系表结构。重点短语 all over the world 全世界； 在世界各地2.Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with business taking advantage of the celebrations.译文节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)。结构分析 主句为主系表结构，逗号后为wi
10、th复合结构在句中作状语，复合结构为with+宾语+宾补，本句的宾补由现在分词充当表主动。重点短语 take advantage of 利用3.Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.译文购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。结构分析本句为make的复合结构,make it+adj+(for sb) to do sth, it是形式宾语，不定式
11、是真正的宾语，其后的adj-easier为宾语补足语，for引出不定式的逻辑主语。重点短语spend money/time on sth.花费金钱/时间在某物上。4.To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying Im cold, hungry, or tired?”译文对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的，而现在这个人对你说，我把生命交给你，那么你还说什么呢？你冷？你饿？你困？”结构分析本
12、句为and 连接的两个并列句，第一个并列句为主系表结构，该简单句用了nothing is +形容词比较+than 表最高级的含义，第二个并列句为If引导的条件状语，saying 为现在分词作伴随状语。重点短语entrust sb with sth托付给某人某物。5.Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position that usually took four years to achieve.译文不到六个月，她就成了住院主任医师，而升任这一职位通常需要四年时间。结构分析主句为主谓宾结构，本句为被动语态
13、，是name +双宾语的被动结构。逗号后a position为前面a chief resident physician的同位语，其后的that从句为定语从句修饰a position,且that 在从句中作主语。重点短语name sb sth任命某人.6.Since she had no children of her own, she left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.译文由于自己没有孩子，她把积蓄捐给了一家幼儿园和一项新医生基金。结构分析since引导的原因状语从句，主句为and 连接的两个并列句。重点
14、短语leave sth to sb将某物留给某人。7.Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.译文如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。结构分析主句为主谓宾结构。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，该定语从句中由and连接两个并列的谓语动词。重点短语expect sb to do sth期待某人做某事。8.After a while, a group of women ca
15、me along, each balancing a pot of water on her head.译文过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，她们每个人头上都顶着一罐水。结构分析主谓结构，逗号后为独立主格结构，作状语。Each与balance为逻辑上的主谓结构。重点短语come along走了过来。9.Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm?”译文难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免遭不测吗结构分析there be 句型的一般疑问句句式，wh
16、o引导定语从句在从句中作主语。重点短语keep sb from harm使某人免于伤害。10.And what a citya city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.译文多么神奇的一座城市啊一座1906年大地震后重建的城市。结构分析感叹句后破折号为插入语，两个that皆引导定语从句，第一个在从句中作主语限定a city,第二个that引导定语从句作主语限定earthquake.重点短语be able to do 能够做某事。11.In the afternoon, I he
17、aded to a local museum that showed the historical changes in California.译文下午，我前往当地一家博物馆参观，博物馆展示了加利福尼亚的历史变迁。结构分析that引导的定语从句，在从句中作主语。重点短语head to some place前往某处。12.In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush.译文同年，旧金山附近发现黄金，引发了淘金热。结构分析which引导的定语从句，指代上文整个主句的内容。重点短语
18、start a gold rush引发了淘金热13.Many others found jobs on farms, joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that joined California to the eastern region of the country.译文更多的人则在农场打工、加入淘金大军，或者参与修建加州通往美国东部的铁路。结构分析主句为主谓宾结构,有多个并列谓语动词，that引导定语从句限定railway.。重点短语join A to B将A与B相连。14.What started as a resid
19、ential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre tor Chinese culture.译文这里原本是中国移民的居住地，后来变成一个中国文化中心。结构分析what 引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。重点短语turn into 变成。15.The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently.译文唐人街的绝大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中很多人英语说得并不流利结构分析主
20、句为主系表结构，逗号后为“代词+介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰ethnic Chinese.重点短语the majority of 大多数16.Traditionally, visitors enter Chinatown through the legendary Dragon Gate, which was built using materials donated from China.译文传统上，游客从具有传奇色彩的龙门走入唐人街，龙门的建筑材料是由中国捐赠的。结构分析which 引导定语从句，修饰the legendary Dragon Gate,在从句中作主语；从句中u
21、sing.为现在分词作方式状语;donated from China为过去分短语，作后置定语，修饰materials.重点短语be donated from.捐赠自17.Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers.译文仰望星空，人们一直想更多地了解太空，科学家们也在努力寻找答案。结构分析现在分词作时间状语，主句为and 引导的并列句。重点短语look up抬头看。18.After many experi
22、ments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity.译文经过多次实验，他们成功制造出能逃脱地球引力的火箭。结构分析that 引导的定语从句，作主语。重点短语succeed in doing sth成功做成某事。19.Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into spa
23、ce.译文此后，苏联将重点放在将人类送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。结构分析本句为and 连接的并列句，其中the +序数词+n+动词不定式表示第几个做某事的人，不定式作后置定语。重点短语focus on专注于。20.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.译文此后
24、，神舟六号和七号分别完成了第二次载人飞行以及中国人的第一次太空行走，随后，“玉兔”月球车被送上月球研究其表面。结构分析followed by.为过去分词短语作定语，修饰spacewalk重点短语send.to.将.送往，（be）followed by 紧随其后重点课文段落熟记：Unit1The styles of Western art has changed many times over the centuries. During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christiani
25、ty. This began to change in the 13th century with the paintings from Giotto di Bondone. Painters concentrated less on religious themes during the Renainssance. An important breakthrough was the use of perspective byMasaccio and another innovation was the use of oil paints. In subject matter, the emp
26、hasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Photography was invented in the mid-19th century, after which paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement c
27、ame from the painting by Monet. After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask what they would do next. What they attempted to do was no longer showed reality, but instead to ask the question.“What is art?几个世纪以来，西方艺术的风格已经发生了很多次变化。在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是教人们关于基督教的知识。这种情况在13世纪的绘画开始发生变化。在文艺复兴时期，画家们不太专注于宗教主题
28、。一个重要的突破是马萨乔对透视法的使用，另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。在主题上，重点越来越从宗教主题转到人和我们周围的世界。摄影是在19世纪中期发明的，之后就不再需要通过绘画来记录人们和世界的样貌了。因此，印象派出现在法国。这场新运动的名字来自于莫奈的那幅画。在印象派之后，后来的艺术家们开始问他们接下来会做什么。他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是问这样一个问题:什么是艺术?ANCIENT CHINESEART ON SHOWThe Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition, from Shang to Q
29、ing: Chinese Art Through the Ages. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases and jade sculptures to ink and wash paintings. our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times. The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass, one of the great works
30、of Tang Yin. This painting showing high mountains, trees, and houses covered in snow, was made with extraordinary skill Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty. While the artists who made these great works are not known, they showed great skill in cre
31、ating these beautiful pieces. Finally, we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty sculptures. These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality.里奇菲尔德美术馆很自豪地展示了我们的新展览，“从商朝到青朝:历代中国艺术”。从青铜碗到陶瓷花瓶，从玉器雕塑到水墨画，我们的目标是展示中国古代的艺术天分。本次展览的亮点是唐寅的杰作之一-函关雪霁图。这幅画运用了非凡的技巧，展示了高
32、山、树木和被白雪覆盖的房子。同样十分重要的(看点)是来自商代的近百件青铜器藏品。虽然不清楚创作这些伟大作品的艺术家是谁，但他们在创作这些美丽的作品时表现出了高超的技艺。最后，我们有许多唐代的雕塑精品。这些作品的目的是传播佛教，而且它们外观精美、品质上乘。Unit2养成健康的生活习惯As teenagers grow up, it can be easy for some of them to become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse or other bad habits, leading to physical and mental health
33、 problems. It is essential to prevent harmful habits from dominating a teenagers life.It is not easy to change bad habits because we are what we repeatedly do. According to modern psychology. we must first learn about the habit cycle, taking action in response to the cue that acted as a signal to do
34、 something which rewards us with the good thing or feelingTo facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles. trying to adapt them, and replace a negative routine with something more positive.Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not su
35、ccessful straight away we often become pessimistic. In fact. to change them. a person must show some discipline.There is no mapic pill in the world: you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes随着青少年的成长，他们中的一些人很容易会沉演于吸烟或酗酒等坏习惯而不能自拔。从而造成生理或心理健康问题。防止有害习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。改变坏习惯从来都不容易，
36、因为重复的行为造就了我们。根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯周期”，并采取行动回应该“提示”，即充当做某事的信号，我们会从该回应中得到好东西或感觉。想要促使坏习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整，尽量做一些更积极的事情来代替消极的习惯。我们中有许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观。事实上，为改变坏习惯，人必须表现出一定的自制力。没有“神奇药丸”;你必须反思一下你的坏习惯，并决定做出一些改变。After the summer camp about health and lifestyle choices, Wang Lu a
37、nd George Fielding made up their mind to change their lifestyles.Wang Lu hardly ever felt well, either physically or mentally She often felt sleepy and dizzy lacking passion. She got the fu easily and experienced many toothaches too. She tried to eat nothing with sugar and exercise regularly. Whenev
38、er she went out she didnt bring sugary snacks but fruit, nuts, etc. She sometimes jumped on her skateboard riding around her neighborhood The results have been fantastic. She feels more dynamic and no longer suffers from a flu virus or toothaches either.在参加了关于健康和生活方式选择的夏令营后，王露和乔治菲尔丁下定决心改变他们的生活方式。不论身
39、体上还是心理上，王璐都曾感到很不适。她经常感到困倦和头晕，缺乏激情。最让她担心的是，她很容易得流感，多次历经牙痛。她努力吃不含糖的食物、定期锻炼。每当和朋友出去的时候，除了水果、坚果，她都不带其它甜食。她有时跳上滑板，在社区转悠。效果非常好。她感到比以前更富有活力。也不再受流感病毒或牙痛的折磨了。George used to feel stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games. He gotabsorbed in the games day and night, feeling even more worn out af
40、terwards! He decided to find other ways to relax. Rock climbing. bowling watching comedies, and playing basketball were the things he thought of doing instead.乔治过去经常感到焦虑不安，总是通过打电脑游戏来放松自己。但后来甚至觉得更累了!他决定找到其他放松的方式。他不再玩电脑游戏，而改了去攀岩、打保龄球、看喜剧和打篮球。Now he and his dad go rock climbing together monthly! It has
41、 enhanced the quality of his life. He gets refreshed through climbing. and gets to meet new friends.现在他和爸爸每个月都一起去攀岩!攀岩提高了我的生活质量。通过攀岩，他变得神清气爽，还能认识新朋友。Unit 3CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLDS ATTENTION气候变化需要全世界的关注There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer(see the graph). In 2013, a
42、lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear, which appeared to have starved to death without finding seals because of melting ice. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earths ecology.Climate scientists think there are two reasons for the incr
43、ease in the global average surface temperature. The process of “natural greenhouse effect ”keeps Earths climate warm and habitable and makes it possible for Earth to sustain life. However, the “man-made greenhouse effect caused by burning fossil fuels makes more heat energy trapped in the atmosphere
44、 and causes Earths surface temperature to rise quickly.There is comprehensive evidence that temperature rise has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide. With news reports about extreme rainstorms and heat waves frequently broadcast this warming trend will probably cont
45、inue and repay at a higher price without appropriate actions. This requires the attention of people all over the world and the needs for the governments to make policies and take appropriate measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As individuals, we can reduce our carbon footprint by restrictin
46、g carbon dioxide. It is also our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming along with its causes and impacts.毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。2013年，因为一张北极能尸体的新闻照片让很多人震惊，这只能似乎是饿死的，因为冰川融化，北极熊捕猎不到海豹。这一令人震惊的案例表明气温升高对地球生态产生了怎样的影响。气候学家们认为有两大因素导致全球表面平均温度的上升。“自然”温室效应的过程使得地球气候保持
47、温暖和适宜居住，维持生命成为可能。然而，通过燃烧化石燃料等造成的“人为“温室效应使更多的热量被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。有全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加。新闻报道经常播报极端暴雨和热浪的新闻。如果不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去，付出更高的代价。这需要全世界人民的关注和各国政府需要制定政策并采取适当措施来减少温室气体排放。作为个人，我们也可以通过限制二氧化碳的量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，让每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响。Passage 2REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THELIRIVER减少漓江水污染The beautiful Li River is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in Guangxi attracting millions of domestic and foreign visitors each year However with the growth in tourism. volume of tourists, local population, as well as the
