1、 - 1 - Unit 2Unit 2 RobotsRobots .阅读理解 A A 2020昆明市高三复习诊断Artificial intelligence(AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like liver cancer in ways that were never before possible. Rishi Rawat, who teaches AI at the University of Sout
2、hern California in Los Angeles, is part of a team of scientists researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the liver. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and
3、 the pattern recognition thats important for making decisions.” David Agus is another researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain cant recogniz
4、e by itself.” Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Nowadays, researchers take a thin piece of tissue (组织), put it on a small piece of glass and add color to s
5、ee the cells better. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns or structures, and learn how the cells are organized. The hope is that machines will soo
6、n be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine. The researc
7、hers of the university are now only studying liver cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer. 1What can AI do with the help of the information provided by the researchers? ARecognize cancer patterns. BTreat liver cancer. - 2 - CCollect
8、useful information. DStore cancerous cells. 2What can we learn about AI? AIt will be able to replace doctors. BPatients are unlikely to be cancerous again with its help. CIt is making a difference in taking care of patients. DIt can recognize cancer more accurately. 3Whats the authors attitude towar
9、ds the future of AI? AOptimistic. BDoubtful. CCurious. DCold. 4What is the best title for the text? AAI Is Used to Treat Cancers BAI May Compete with Doctors CAI May Make Doctors Better DAI Is Better at Curing Cancers B B 2020南昌模拟Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as di
10、scovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding applications as household help and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how peopl
11、e see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent. A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at LudwigMaximiliansUniversitaet(LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and b
12、ehave towards them based on moral principles. According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: “Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？” The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假设的) moral dilemma: Would they be
13、prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine. The study suggested that the mor
14、e the robot was humanized, the less likely - 3 - participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from
15、 sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous (无名的) humans. “This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot， ” says Paulus. “One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could come into confli
16、ct with their intended function to be of help to us.” 5What has become a concern about robots? AHow to humanize them. BHow to treat them in life. CHow to use them effectively. DHow to find more applications. 6In the study the participants probably have to decide _. Awhen to sacrifice a robot Bwhere
17、to experience risks Cwhich robot to work with Dwhat robots should be like 7What can be inferred from Paulus words? AHumanized robots offer less help to people. BHumanizing robots too much may be improper. CCertain moral status should be attached to robots. DConflicts often happen between humans and
18、robots. 8Which of the following would be the best title for the text? ARobots, a Must for Future BHumanized Robots, a New Trend CRobots Saved, People Take the Hit DHumanized Robots Replace Human .七选五 2020临川一中等六校联考 Rise and Shine All DayRise and Shine All Day Making these easy tasks part of your morn
19、ing schedule will improve your nutrition, energy, and mood today and beyond. Stretch in bed.Stretch in bed. - 4 - Try this even before you open your eyes. Lift one arm and begin by stretching each finger, then your hand, then your wrist, and then your whole arm. _1_ Then stretch your toes, feet, ank
20、les, and legs. Finally, end with a neck and back stretch that pushes you out of bed. This “power pose” makes you feel more confident all day long. _2_ Working out before you eat encourages your body to burn more fat for energy rather than relying on carbohydrates (碳水化合物) from food. In a study, parti
21、cipants who exercised after breakfast still gained weight, but those who exercised on an empty stomach did not. Turn on the music.Turn on the music. _3_ If anyone plays an instrument, and if you have a little time, morning is the perfect time to practice, as it prepares your brain for learning. One
22、study found that both playing and listening to music help improve academic performance in 16 different ways, including increasing focus and memory. Enjoy some fun.Enjoy some fun. Many people fear to face a new day of work, school, or chores. _4_ This can be having a cup of coffee as you read your fa
23、vorite blog, etc. Choose activities you enjoy and that set you on a good path for the day. Youve improved your state of mind, your health, and your productivity all before the weekday has even begun. _5_ AMove on to the other arm. BDo regular exercise in the morning. CExercise a bit on an empty stom
24、ach. DTake up the entire length of the bed when you stretch. ENow youre ready to conquer your todo list for today and every day. FBut if the first thing you do is pleasant, youll find it much easier to get going. GPick something energetic that you and others in the house enjoy and put it on while yo
25、u get ready. .语法填空 2019武汉市高三五月训练题China has been selected to host the WorldSkills Competition in Shanghai in 2021, an event it hopes to use for building a stronger - 5 - team of skilled workers nationwide and to improve international 1._ (exchange) in technical skills. Hosting the event will help gui
26、de the whole society 2._ (respect) the spirit of skilled workmanship. It will also help create 3._ social atmosphere of respecting labor and admiring skill. China has 165 million skilled workers, including 47.9 million who are classed as highly skilled. They were first classified by the government i
27、n 2003. They 4._ (include) as one of the major Statelevel talent groups along with theoretical scientists in 2015, 5._ (mark) a significant rise in their social status. Chinas 6._ (early) modern skills training can date back to the Qing Dynasty. It was in 1866 7._ the Foochow Shipbuilding Institutio
28、n in Fujian Province was established. In 1978, the adoption of the reform and openingup policy highlighted a shortage of 8._ (talent) technicians. As a result, the number of students at technical institutes rose sharply. More recently, technical education 9._ (receive) greater support from the centr
29、al government to help shape the nations producing power. Every year, more than 100 million people have access 10._ technical education and training. 课时作业课时作业( (三十二三十二) ) .阅读理解 A A 体裁：说明文 题材：科技 主题：人工智能与医疗 【语篇解读】 人工智能有望帮助医生诊断和治疗癌症。 【熟词生义】 remove 常用义：v.移开；拿开 例句：He removed his hand from her shoulder.他将手
30、从她肩膀上拿开。 本句义：v.去除 例句：She has had the tumour removed.她已经将肿瘤切除了。 【难句分析】 Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine. - 6 - 分析：这是一个主从复合句。the p
31、rocess . in the developing world 为省略了 that 的宾语从句；that having a large amount of information . in medicine 是与其并列的 宾语从句；其中，having a large amount of information 是动名词短语作主语。 译文：Agus 说，这一过程在发展中国家几乎不需要任何成本就可以完成，而且拥有大量 与患者有关的信息对于一台机器有效地完成医学工作来说非常重要。 1A 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He says, You can put the data into them a
32、nd they will learn the patterns . making decisions.”可知，人工智能可以根据 对其输入的数据来学习该模式，并进行癌症模式的识别。 2D 考查推理判断。根据第四段最后一句“Through machine learning . are organized”可知，人工智能可以识别一些复杂的模式或结构，同时了解细胞是如何组成的。 由此可推知，人工智能可以更精确地识别癌症。 3A 考查推理判断。根据文章最后两段的内容可知，人工智能将很快能够快速识别癌 症，并且将应用到各种癌症之中。由此可推知，作者对人工智能的未来持乐观的态度。 4C 考查主旨大意。根据对
33、文章的整体理解可推知，人工智能作为一种工具可以帮助 医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。 B B 体裁：说明文 题材：科技前沿 主题：人性化机器人 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。机器人不仅可以帮助人类执行危险的任务，现代 智能机器人还能帮助人们处理日常生活问题。研究表明，将机器人过于人性化的尝试将使人 产生困扰。 【难句分析】 The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中 that 引导宾语从句，作及
34、物动词 suggested 的宾语； “the比较级，the比较级”表示“越，越”。 译文：研究表明，机器人人性化越高，参与者越不可能牺牲它。 5B 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent”和第二段中的“have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based
35、 on moral principles”可知，如何在生活中对待机器人已经成为人们担心的一 个问题，故 B 项正确。 6A 考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？”可知，该研究将要回答“在什么 情况下成年人愿意牺牲机器人来拯救人类生命？”这一问题，故 A 项正确。 -
36、7 - 7B 考查推理判断。根据本文最后两句 Paulus 所说的话可知，Paulus 认为，这一发 现表明，使机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远。这些努力可能会与机器人的预期功能(帮助 人类)发生冲突。据此可推知，Paulus 认为机器人过于人性化可能不恰当，故 B 项正确。 8C 考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要提出“过度将机器人人性化，将人的道 德水准赋予机器人，将会使人受到困扰”这一观点，故 C 项最适合作本文标题。 .七选五 体裁：说明文 题材：社会生活 主题：早晨的活动有助于身心健康 【语篇解读】 每天早晨做一些简单的活动能够帮助我们改善自身营养状况、精神活力 和情绪，从而精神饱
37、满地开始一天的生活。 1A 根据本段小标题“Stretch in bedStretch in bed.”可知，本段主要是建议起床前在床上做一 些伸展运动。又根据空前的“Lift one arm and begin by stretching each finger, then your hand, then your wrist, and then your whole arm.”和空后的“Then stretch your toes, feet, ankles, and legs.”可知，伸展运动从手指到整个胳膊再到脚部和腿部，空前介绍的 是做完一只胳膊的伸展，接下来应该是介绍另一只胳膊的运
38、动。A 项中的 the other arm 与空 前的 one arm 相呼应。故选 A 项。 2C 设空处为小标题，应概括该段的内容主旨。根据该段中的“In a study, participants who exercised after breakfast still gained weight, but those who exercised on an empty stomach did not.”可知，一项研究表明，早饭后锻炼仍然会增加 体重，而空腹运动则不会增加体重。C 项中的 on an empty stomach 与本段中的 on an empty stomach 呼应，且
39、C 项的内容与本段的主题一致。故选 C 项。 3G 根据本段小标题“Turn on the musicTurn on the music.”可知，本段内容与听音乐有关。G 项(当 你准备好时，挑选一些你和家里其他人都喜欢的充满活力的音乐播放)符合本段主旨，且与下 文逻辑相通。故选 G 项。 4F 设空前一句“Many people fear to face a new day of work, school, or chores.” 说明很多人害怕面对新一天的工作、学习或者日常琐事。而空后“This can be having a cup of coffee as you read your
40、favorite blog, etc.”表达你在阅读你最喜爱的博客时可以 喝杯咖啡。由此可知，设空处应填一个过渡句，承上启下，且与空前形成转折关系。F 项(但 是如果你做的第一件事情是令人快乐的，你就会发现新的一天更容易开始)符合语境，其中的 But 表示转折，空后是对 F 项的举例说明。故选 F 项。 5E 根据空前一句“Youve improved your state of mind, your health, and your productivity all before the weekday has even begun.”可知，此处为总结句。E 项(现 在你已经准备好征服今日和
41、以后每日的待办事项)总结上文，符合语境。故选 E 项。 .语法填空 体裁：说明文 题材：社会生活 主题：世界技能大赛 - 8 - 【语篇解读】 世界技能大赛将于 2021 年在中国上海举行。本文介绍了它的重要作用 和意义以及中国技术领域的相关情况。 1 exchanges 考查名词的单复数。 此处表示改善在技术技能方面的国际交流， exchange 在此处意为“交流”，为可数名词，且其前无限定词，故用名词复数。 2to respect 考查动词不定式。句意：举办这样的赛事能帮助指导全社会去尊重高 超工艺的精神。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式。 3a 考查冠词。此处表示“一种社会氛围”，表泛指
42、，应用不定冠词修饰，又 social 的发音以辅音音素开头，故用 a。 4were included 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语 in 2015 可知，此处应用一般过去 时；动词 include 和主语 They 构成被动关系，应用被动语态；故填 were included。 5marking 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词 mark 和其逻辑主语为主谓关 系，故用其现在分词形式。 6earliest 考查形容词的最高级。句意：中国最早的现代技能培训可追溯到清朝。 根据句意可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故填 earliest。 7that 考查强调句。本句为强调句结构“It was被强调部分that剩余部分”， 被强调的是时间状语 in 1866。 8talented 考查形容词。此处表示“有才能的技术员”，故用形容词 talented“有 才能的”修饰其后的名词 technicians。 9has received 考查时态。根据该句中的时间状语 recently 可知，此处应用现在完 成时；主语 technical education 为单数形式，故填 has received。 10to 考查介词。句意：每年，超过 1 亿人有机会接受技术教育和培训。have access to.意为“有接近的机会”。
