1、Unit 4Unit 4 Astronomy:Astronomy:the science of the starsthe science of the starsHow Life Began on the EarthPeriod 1PhysicsPhysicsChemistryChemistryBiologyBiologyGeology Geology MathematicsMathematicsMedicineMedicineBiochemistryBiochemistryGeophysicsGeophysicsAstronomyAstronomyis the scientific stud
2、y of the universe and the heaven bodies(such as the sun,the moon,and stars),gas,and dust within it.eight planets many comets other objects?A cloud of dustA cloud of dustCombine into a Combine into a solidsolid ball ballExplodeExplodewith fire&rockwith fire&rock(produce H(produce H2 2O,COO,CO2,2,OO2,
3、2,NN2,2,other gases)other gases)atmosphereatmosphereCool downCool downwater appearedwater appeared dissolve harmful gases into dissolve harmful gases into Life beganLife beganLife developedLife developedThe development of lifeThe development of lifeA cloud of dust a solid ball presence of water on t
4、he water shellfish&other fish plants begin to grow on dry land insects and amphibians appear retiles appear dinosaurs appear mammals appearTheThe development of life development of lifesmall plants growon the water appearshellfish&other fishplants begin to grow on drylandinsects and amphibians appea
5、rretiles appeardinosaurs appearmammals appear Good morning/afternoon,I am Dr.Im greatly honored to be here to give you a speech about the development of life.What problems have been caused by humans to the earth?How to protect the earth and make it a better place to live on?Design an activity on Ear
6、th Dayl What the activity is about What the activity is about l Why the activity is designed Why the activity is designedl When and where to do the activity When and where to do the activity l Who takes part in the activity Who takes part in the activityl What to be done in the activity What to be d
7、one in the activityl HomeworkHomework1.Search the Internet for the information of the development of life.2.Read and learn good words,phrases or structures from Reading.Period 2Period 2 Using Language Using Language&Reading TaskReading Taskthe natural force that causes an object to move toward the c
8、entre of the earth.GravityIsaac NewtonAlbert EinsteinStephen HawkingGravity1.I heard about how three men made mistakes when they tried to describe gravity.2.I heard about how three men wanted to find out about the beginning of the universe.3.I heard about how the idea of gravity has developed over a
9、 long period of time.4.I heard about three scientists and their work.Main ideaNewtonEinsteinHawkingDatesIdeaOther info.1642-17271879-19551942-Everything is affected by a force called gravityGravity is connected to time and space“Black holes”“eat”objects but also“spit”them out.It was only about the e
10、arth.It was about the universe.It was about things found in the universe called“black holes”.A visit to the moonOn the moonThe change of gravityThe change of gravityIn spaceVery strongVery heavyDisappeared Floated weightlessly Very light The mass will be lessLeave the earthLast month I visited the m
11、oon with my friend.Before we left,I was told the force of g_ would change three times on our journey.Then we took off.As we left the earth,I became very h_.Gradually the weight l_.When I was in space,it d_.We f_ weightlessly in the cabin and I c_ _.When I was on the moon,I was surprised to find out
12、even walking needs lots of practice n_ _ gravity changed.The returning of the earth was very f_.We were amazed to watch fire b_ _ on the outside of the ship.gravityheavylesseneddisappearedfloatedcheered upnow thatfrighteningbreak outA black hole About usAbout the black holeAbout othersCircle of ligh
13、tsLarge starsLike a mouthIn shock and amazementLight went out Computers stopped workingFeel sickMy mouth dryClose my eyesSpaceship not moveI was bumped and bangedable to lookSpit objects outPull us into its mouthJumped again,increase its speed as fast as light,like a birdJump and went fasterMy watch
14、 slowerexcitingComputer began to work againturn awayHomework1.Search for more about the black hole.2.Read these two passages again to find out how to organize a story.Period3 Listening task,talking,listening and writing C.To make the Hubble telescope work again.Why did Li Why did Li YanpingYanping h
15、ave his have his first space walk?first space walk?A.To collect data for his research on gravity.B.To test the function of the new spacesuit.C.To make the Hubble telescope work again.How to cool youHow to breatheProblemsWhat to eatWhat to dress1.Oxygen can2.Water system3.Gravity boots4.Left engine5.
16、Right engine6.Tool kitPlease look at/listen to Please check that You needPlease pay attention to Dont forget to Youd betterMake sure you Watch out for You must(nt)The manned spacecrafts Shenzhou 5&6Shenzhou 5Shenzhou 6WhenWhoHow longOct.15,2003 Oct.12,2005 Yang Liwei21 hours and 23 minutes5 daysFei
17、Junlong Nei HaishengInterviewMr.Renault1.Yang Liwei became an astronaut by chance.2.Nobody over 170cm can be an astronaut.3.Yang Liwei trained for 10 years to become a pilot.4.If Yang Liwei had problems in space,there were ways to save him.5.China is the third country to send people into space just
18、like Russia and the USA.6.Yang Liwei thinks he was lucky to be Chinas first man in space.TTrue OR FalseFFTTTInfo.on Yang Liwei,the astronautThe exams he passedExperiencePhysical qualitiesPersonal qualitiesExcellent degree and 10 years trainingPilot for the air force of the PLASmaller than 170 cm;les
19、s than 70 kgCalm,mature,hard-workingl What have you learnt from the great scientist?l What qualities should a scientist have?What should you do now in preparation for becoming an astronaut or scientist?Brainstorming for writing What will we meet on the moon?when wherewhatwho problemsSolutionHow to w
20、rite an outline?Outline(main idea)The first paragraph(introduction)Body(your own ideas on the item)Conclusion(summing up)headingHomeworkHomework1.Search more information on Shenzhou 5&6.2.Read and learn important words or phrases learnt in class.Period 4Period 4Subject clauseSubject clauseCan you fi
21、nd the following sentence in the reading passage?In this sentence,a noun clause is used as the subject.What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun.Please pick out three more sentences with subject clauses from the reading passage.1.bec
22、ause it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.2.What scientists think is that the earth was different because of 3.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on P64 USING STRUCTUREDo you know where we come from?How did the universe begin?Read
23、 the passage and try to understand how Stephen Hawking solved the problems?1.What has attracted Stephen Hawking all his life?2.Does he think it simple to answer the questions?Whats his opinion?3.What have we discovered about the universe,past and present?4.How can we have a complete picture of the u
24、niverse?What the universe is like has attracted him.No.The answers have always well beyond our reach.Milky Way galaxy;billions of galaxies,in a universe that is infinite and expanding;big bang;black hole;a dark matter;a possible Big Crunch.Learning to understand what we see.1._ the universe is like
25、has attracted Stephen Hawking all his life.2._ is clear and simple about the universe has always seemed too difficult for us to answer.3._ the universe exists the way it does is a major question to all those who have looked at stars like Hawking.4._ has developed over two thousand years of observati
26、on has to be greatly revised.5._ in the universe we live is not the centre,but one of the mine planets orbiting the sun,which is just one of millions of stars in our own Milky Way galaxy.WhatWhatWhy What where6._ we understand the universe is the time when we human beings will have answered all the
27、questions.7._ we can have a complete picture of the universe depends on learning to understand what we see.8._ Hawking wants to tell us in this text is that we should study the universe,and understand it.When HowWhat做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有从属连语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有从属连词词th
28、at,whether，连接代词连接代词who,what,which，连接副词连接副词when,where,how,why等。等。1.连接词：连接词：1）从属连词：）从属连词：that，whether等等.that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。不能省略。That she left him cut him to the heart.That he will come is certain.2)连接代词连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever
29、,whoever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Which side will win is not clear.由由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。放在句首，句后都可。Whether it will please them is not easy to say.Whether shes coming or not doesnt matter too much.3)连接副词连接副词when，where，how，why等。等。Why he did it remai
30、ns a mystery.When they will start is not known yet.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.2.位置：位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。常用下面几种句型。1）It+be+表语表语 +主语从句主语从句表语：（名词，表语：（名词，形容词，过去分词）形容词，过去分词）It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It
31、 is true that I told her everything.It is a pity that we cant go.It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into o
32、rbit.2）It+不及物动词或短语不及物动词或短语+主语从句主语从句It seemed(happened,doesnt matter,has turned out)that It happens that they were absent.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.3)It+及物动词（被动语态）及物动词（被动语态
33、）+主语从句主语从句It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.注意注意:1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词从属连词that可以省略。可以省略。误：误：They should like each other is natural.正：正：That they should like each other is natural.
34、正：正：It is natural that they should like each other.2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引引导，但是如果用导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导引导.误：误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.1.I have always been honest and straightforward,and it
35、 doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A.who is it B.who it is C.it is who D.it is whom 2.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what D.how 3._ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key uni
36、versities.A.What;because B.What;thatC.That;what D.That;because4._ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where5._ that they can pass the written exam this time.A.That is hoped B.It is hoped C.It hopes D.That hopes6.It was doubtful _ Mary really heard him.A.that B.
37、if C.whether D.whatReading comprehension:Put the following sentences into Chinese:1.What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun.2.随后它会变成什么曾经是一个谜，直到最后这团尘埃开始慢慢地合成一个环绕太阳运转的球状物。3.2.The problem was that the earth became violent because it w
38、as not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.4.问题是地球（开始）变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。3.It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases,which had become part of the earths atmosphere,into the oceans and seas.它使得地球得以把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体，溶解在海洋里。4.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions o
39、f years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.在未来的千百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。HomeworkReview the subjective clause.Finish the exercise on the workbook.Language pointsPeriod 51.What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around
40、the sun.1._ （使大家吃惊的是）is that 2.he didnt come to the meeting.What surprised everybody 2._（他所做的）added to our difficulty.What he did _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;whatB._ made the school proud was _ more than 90%C.of the students had been admitted
41、to key universities.D.A.What;because B.What;that;C.That;what D.That;becauseAB2.The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.问题是地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继问题是地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续下去。续下去。n.n.固体固体 solid,liquid,gas adj.固体的；实心的固体的；实心的,
42、无空隙的；结实的，坚固的无空隙的；结实的，坚固的 solid fuels solid food a solid sphere solid furniturea man of solid build1)Matter has three states:solid,liquid and gas.2)When water freezes,it becomes solid and we call it ice.be to(do):(something)will definitely happen,or it must happen 不可避免要发生或必须发生不可避免要发生或必须发生 e.g.They sa
43、id goodbye,little knowing that they were never to meet again.She is to be honoured for this great work.Mr.Clark said to his daughter,“You are to be home by 10 oclock at the latest.”3.It exploded loudly with fire and rock,which were in time to produce the water vapour,1).（使某物）炸开，爆炸使某物）炸开，爆炸 2).（指感情）激
44、发（指感情）激发 3).（指人口）突然或迅速增加（指人口）突然或迅速增加 The firework exploded in his hand and he was hurt seriously.I was frightened when she exploded into loud laughter.Now it is not easy to find jobs with the exploding population.explosion n.爆炸（声）爆炸（声）explosive adj.爆炸性的，易爆炸的爆炸性的，易爆炸的 n.n.炸药，爆炸物炸药，爆炸物 not late 及时；不迟及
45、时；不迟She will be back in time to prepare dinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。她来得及回来准备晚饭。:sooner or later;eventually 迟早；最后迟早；最后Ill see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。总有一天我会遇见他。in/out of time:in/not in the correct time 合合/不合节拍不合节拍The audience clapped in time to the music.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。4.As the earth cooled down,water b
46、egan to appear on its surface.随着地球的冷却随着地球的冷却,地球的表面就开始地球的表面就开始出现出现了水。了水。cool adj.adj.凉快；冷静；冷淡凉快；冷静；冷淡 v.（使）变冷；冷静下来使）变冷；冷静下来 1)Lets sit in the shade and get cool.2)I knew I had to keep cool.3)His play received a cool response from the public.4)The rain has cooled the air.5)Let your soup cool a little
47、before you drink it.6)A heated argument can be settled better if both sides cool down first.7)I tried to cool her down but she was still very angry when she left.5.Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going round the sun.be very/much/quite/entirely/totally different from与
48、与不同不同 City life is quite different from country life.1）城市生活和农村生活很不同。）城市生活和农村生活很不同。2）他们的品位和我不同。）他们的品位和我不同。Their tastes are different from mine.There are differences betweenand 与与之间有不同之处之间有不同之处tellfrom 把把与与区分开来区分开来the same as 与与一样一样be similar to 与与相似相似 going round the sun为现在分词短语，做定语，表示一为现在分词短语，做定语，表示一
49、般的动作。例如：般的动作。例如：Men breaking the law will be punished.Men who break the law will be punished.现在分词短语作定语，也可表示进行的动作。例如：现在分词短语作定语，也可表示进行的动作。例如：Can you see the girl dancing with your boyfriend?Can you see the girl who is dancing with her boyfriend?你能看到与男友跳舞的那个姑娘吗？你能看到与男友跳舞的那个姑娘吗？6.It allows the earth to
50、dissolve harmful gases,which allow vt.允许、许可、容许允许、许可、容许allow+n./pron./doing allow sb.to do be allowed to doMy father doesnt allow smoking at home.In fact he doesnt allow us to smoke anywhere at any time.父亲不允许在家里吸烟。实际上，他不允许我们在任何地方父亲不允许在家里吸烟。实际上，他不允许我们在任何地方任何时候吸烟。任何时候吸烟。Are we allowed to use the comput
