1、语法专题语法专题形容词与副词形容词与副词初三（一）概念 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。e.g.long，empty，cheap，hungry，etc.（二）基本用法 1.在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。作定语：What a fine day 作表语：She looks happy.作宾语补足语：Do you think it necessary?2.形容词修饰名词或代词时在句中的位置 1）形容词修饰普通名词时，一般放在名词的前面，当有两个以上的形容词来修饰同一名词时，其排列顺序大致如下 特（征）大（小）形（状）新（旧）色（彩）国（籍）材（料）2）当形容词修饰由 some-，a
2、ny-，no-，every-构成的不定代词时，形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后。如 something interesting，nothing new3.注意-ed和-ing结尾的形容词的区别 -ing 令人感到的 -ed 感到的 如 excited 感到激动的、兴奋的 exciting 令人感到激动的、兴奋的（一）概念 用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副。e.g.happily，hardly，already，quickly，etc.（二）分类 1.时间副词 today，early，soon，now，then，recently 等 He will be back tomorrow.他明天将
3、回来。Yesterday we all went to the park.昨天我们都去公园了。2.地点副词 somewhere，here，there，downstairs等 The children are playing downstairs.孩子们正在楼下玩。3.程度副词 very much，enough，quite，almost，rather 等 Tom is old enough to go to school.汤姆已经足够大可以去上学了。4.方式副词 well，fast，carefully，slowly，quickly 等，回答how的提问。Mary speaks Chinese v
4、ery well.玛丽的汉语说得非常好。The monkeys ate up the bananas quickly.猴子们飞快地吃光了香蕉。5.频度副词 always，often，never，usually，hardly，seldom等 I often go out for a walk after supper.晚饭后，我经常出去散步。She is seldom out on Sundays.她星期天很少外出。6.疑问副词 how，when，where，why等，主要用来引导特殊疑问句，放在句首.Where are you going for vacation?你打算去哪里度假?Why w
5、ere you late for our meeting last night?昨晚我们开会你为什么迟到了？7.连接副词 how，when，where，why等，用来引导从句或与不定式连用。Thats why its on the news.那就是它上新闻的原因。Do you know how to operate the machine?你知道怎样操作这台机器吗？（三）在句子中位置 1.副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如 句首 UsuallyI do my homework in the evening.通常我晚上做家庭作业。句中：I often get up at six.我
6、常在6点起床。句末：Please speak slowly.请慢慢说。2.副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面。如 在形容词前 These flowers are quite beautiful.这些花相当漂亮。在副词前 He works very hard.他工作很努力。但也有例外，如She is old enough to go to school.（在形容词后）3.按一般规则，既有地点状语又有时间状语时，先地点后时间。如 We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon.我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。He watch
7、ed TV at home last night.他昨晚在家看电视。1.本身为副词，如now，rather，also，there，here，how，when，too，quite等。2.少数词既是副词，也是形容词。这样的词有early，late，high等，只是它们作副词与作形容词时在句中的位置不同。对比下面两个例句 He comes to school very early every morning.他每天到校很早。（early 为副词，修饰动词come）Mr Smith always catches the early bus to go to work every morning.史密斯
8、先生每天早上总是乘早班车上班。（early为形容词，作名词bus的定语）3.由“形容词-ly”构成。1）一般情况下形容词后直接+ly，如 quickquickly，beautifulbeautifully，badbadly等。2）以辅音字母+y结尾，把y 改成i再加-ly，如 happyhappily，healthyhealthily 3）以-le结尾的形容词改为副词需要去掉-e再加-y，如 possiblepossibly，comfortablecomfortably 4）true 改为副词，需要去-e加-ly，truetruly。4.不是以-ly 结尾的都是副词，注意以-ly 结尾的形容词
9、，如 lovely，friendly，loenely，likely，elderly等。（一）比较级和最高级的构成 1.单音节词和部分双音节单词的规则变化 1）一般情况下在词尾加-er，-est，如 new-newer-newest，long-longer-longest 2）以不发音的字母e结尾的，在词尾加-r，-st，如 late-later-latest，nice-nicer-nicest 3）以“辅音字母y”结尾的，把y变i，再加-er，-est，如 happy-happier-happiest 4）以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er，-est，如 big-b
10、igger-biggest,red-redder-reddest2.多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或most，如 important-more important-the most important3.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest（二）级的用法 1.原级 1）as+形容词或副
11、词原级+as 意思为“和一样”This joke is as funny as that one.这个笑话和那个一样好笑。He runs as fast as you.他跑得跟你一样快。2）not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as 意思为“不如”She isnt as/so outgoing as Mary.她的性格不如玛丽外向。He doesnt do his homework as/so carefully as Kate.他做作业不如凯特认真。2.比较级 1）若表示某一个事物或人在某方面比另一个事物或人更怎样，可以用：A比较级+than+B 表示“A比B更”The earth is b
12、igger than the moon.地球比月球更大。He works harder than us.他比我们工作更努力。2）A+the比较级+of the two 表示“A是两者中更的”He is the taller of the two boys.他是这两个男孩中较高的那个。She sings the better of the two girls.她是这两个女孩中唱得比较好的那个。3）比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越越”When spring comes,the days are getting longer and longer.当春天来临时，白天变得越来越长了。The Wes
13、t Lake is becoming more and more beautiful.西湖正变得越来越美丽。4）The比较级，the比较级 表示“越，越”The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙，越觉得高兴。The more you have,the more you want.你拥有的越多，想要的也就越多。5）当强调比较的程度时，可以在形容词、副词的比较级前使用much，even，still，fa，a little，a lot 等，而 very，quite 常用来修饰原级，不能用来修饰比较级。It is much colder than yester
14、day.今天比昨天冷得多。My pear is a little bigger than yours.我的梨比你的大一点。6）表示倍数的词或度量名词可以作比较级的修饰语。She is three years younger than him.她比他小三岁。He works three times faster than us.他干活比我们快三倍。3.最高级 1）形容词、副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一定范围内“最”，其主要句型有 A+the+最高级+in（of，among）在某范围之内A最.。She is the most popular teacher in ou
15、r school.她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师。Aone of the最高级复数名词 A是最的之”。Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers in Taiwan.周杰伦是台湾最受欢迎的歌手之一。China is one of the largest countries in the world.中国是世界上最大的国家之一。the序数词最高级单数名词in范围 “在某范围内是第几.”Changjiang River is the first longest river in our country.长江是我国第一长河。A.+the+最高级+（that）I
16、 have ever seen/heard/read.A是我所见过的/听过的/读过的最的 You are the most beautiful girl(that)I have ever seen.你是我所见过的最漂亮的女孩。2）形容词最高级前如果没有形容词性物主代词，必须加定冠词the，但副词的最高级前可以不用the。He is the fastest runner in our class.He runs(the)fastest in our class.3）当把含有最高级或比较级的句子进行同义句转换时，需要注意是否在同一范围内进行比较，比较下列例句 China is the bigges
17、t city in Asia.=China is bigger than any other country in Asia.（例1）China is bigger than any other country in Africa.（例2）在同一范围内进行比较时，比较的双方不能发生重复现象，故在例（1）中使用other 以避免重复。但在不同范围内对人或同一性质的事物进行比较时，则不用 other，如例（2）中，由于中国属于亚洲，而被比较者却是另一范围的国家，因此不用other。同理 He is tallest in his class.=Nobody else is taller than h
18、im in his class.这个例题中，因为是在他们班这个范围内进行比较，也可以用else来避免重复。1.I could _ control my feelings at the moment.The song brought back so many childhood memories.A.really B.hardly C.nearly D.clearly 2.-The picture is,I have to say,not a bit beautiful.-Why?Its _ than the pictures I have ever seen.A.far more beauti
19、ful B.much less beautiful C.no more beautiful D.any less beautiful 3.-Many boy students think math is _ English.-I agree.Im weak in English.A.much difficult than B.so difficult as C.less difficult than D.more difficult than 4.-How was your interview for the work?-Oh,I couldnt feel any _.I hardly und
20、erstood most of the questions they asked.A.harder B.happier C.better D.worse1.【解析】答案 B考查副词词义理解。四个选项的含义分别是really“真正地”，hardly“几乎不”，nearly“几乎”，clearly“清晰地”。句意为“我现在几乎不能控制我现在的感情。那首歌使我想起许多童年的回忆。”故hardly 符合题意。2.【解析】答案 A考查形容词比较级。由句中的than可知用比较级，在比较级之前可用far/much/still/even等词修饰，再根据句意，答句中是想说比我曾经见过的都漂亮”，故选A。3.【解
21、析】答案 C根据句意，这是math（数学）和English（英语）两者作比较，应该使用比较级。根据答句可知，下文赞成上文的说法，表示数学不如英语难，所以此处应用表示“不如难”的意思。又知much difficult than有语法错误，much修饰比较级so difficult as意为和一样难less difficult than意为不如.难；more difficult than意为比更难，所以此处应用less difficult than，故选C。4.【解析】答案 D分析选项harder是更难的意思，happier是更开心的意思，better是更好的意思，worse是更差的意思，因为下句
22、是I hardly understood most of the questions they asked（我几乎不理解他们问的大部分的问题），所以是感觉不能更差，故选D。5.He is very rich but that day he bought _ bike to save money for the poor children.A.an expensive B.a more expensive C.the more cheaper D.the cheapest6.-“Food Safety”problem is becoming _ these days.-I think so.Th
23、e government must do something to deal with it.A.smaller and smaller B.worse and worse C.better and better D.nicer and nicer7.-Playing video games is a waste of time.-I cant agree more.There are _ meaningful things to do.A.the most B.the least C.more D.less8.-Why didnt you cry for help when you were
24、 robbed?-If I opened my mouth,they might find my four gold teeth.That would be _!A.bad B.much worse C.worst D.the worst 5.【解析】答案D根据语境to save money for the poor children可推知“要省钱必须买最便宜的”，故bike前应为形容词的最高级，又cheap是单音节形容词，故其最高级为cheap+est，又最高级前应加the，故答案为D。6.【解析】答案B根据选项可知smaller and smaller意为越来越小；worse and wo
25、rse意为越来越差better and better意为越来越好nicer and nicer意为越来越好。又根据The government must do something to deal with it可知，希望政府采取措施应对这一问题，可推测上文意为“食品安全问题越来越糟糕”，是比较级and 比较级的用法，表示越来越所以此处应用worse and worse，故选B。7.【解析】答案C根据答语“I cant agree more.”表示完全赞同，完全赞同玩电子游戏是浪费时间.这里句子意思想表达的意思是“相比玩电子游戏有更多有意思的事情可做”，选项中the most/the least
26、修饰多音节形容词的最高级，less不如，修饰多音节形容词的比较级；more更多，修饰多音节形容词的比较级，故选C。8.【解析】答案 B根据句意知为“被抢时不张口呼救”与“呼救”两种情况之间的比较，故应为形容词比较级，可排除选项A，C，D，选项B之前有much，much 用来修饰形容词比较级，符合题意故选B。9.The cheese cake tasted so _ that the kids asked for more.A.delicious B.well C.bad D.badly 10.Tom is tall but Mary is_ taller.A.still B.yet C.qui
27、te D.more9.【解析】答案A此题考查连系动词+表语构成系表结构，表语一般由形容词来担任，排除B和D，根据句意“孩子们想要更多”，说明很好吃，故选A。10.【解析】答案A此题考查比较级前的修饰词，可用far/much/still/even/a bit/a little/a lot 等词或词组来修饰比较级，故选A。一.单项选择。1.Jenny,the more you practice,the _ you will play the piano.said her mother.A.best B.good C.well D.better2.To reduce food waste,we sh
28、ould only order as _ as we need and try to eat it up.A.much B.more C.most D.few3.The service seemed worse than they expected.They left the shop _.A.happy B.happily C.angry D.angrily4.After the conversation with the teacher,Jennys mother looked a little _.A.happiness B.happier C.happy D.happily 5.Nel
29、son Mandela was one of _ leaders of the twenties century.A.great B.greater C.greatest D.the greatest 6.Its _ to know the customs of the country before you go there.A.awful B.harmful C.careful D.helpful7.Frank is playing his iPhone _,but his father looks unhappy.A.lovely B.happily C.friendly D.polite
30、ly 8.My grandma has been in hospital for many weeks,but now she looks much _.A.well B.good C.better D.best9.The world is so big that nothing is to _.A.be proud of B.be satisfied with C.be surprised at D.be thankful to二.用所给单词的适当形式填空。1._,all the money I lost on the train was returned to me.(lucky)2.Li
31、nda was so _ that she refused all the money from her parents.(depend)3.The people on this small island have no telephones or radios-they are _ cut off from the outside world.(complete)4.vPM2.5 is _ caused by air pollution in some parts of the country.(main)5.The secrets about the singer are _ spread
32、 among the young fans.(wide)6.Becoming _ is probably a sign of getting old.(forget)7.Children were fond of reading _ stories in their free time.(excite)8.The floods have left thousands of people _.(home)参考答案一.15 DADBD 69 DBCC二.1.Luckily 2.independent pletely 4.mainly 5.widely 6.forgetful 7.exciting 8.homeless您的聆听！感谢
