1、 陆彩萍To be or not to be,thats a question.生存还是毁灭，这是个问题Shakespeare(Hamlet)决战中考决战中考2019一、定义一、定义不充当句子谓语成分的动词形式叫不充当句子谓语成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性动词。动词。二、形式二、形式 1.动词不定式（动词不定式（to do）2.动名词（动名词（doing）做动名词（充当主语或做动名词（充当主语或宾语时通常用宾语时通常用it代替）代替）表将来表将来表目的表目的 3.分词分词 现在分词现在
2、分词(doing)表主动表主动 表进行（来于现在表进行（来于现在进行时进行时be doing）过去分词过去分词(done)表完成（来于现在表完成（来于现在完成时完成时have done）表被动表被动（来于被动（来于被动语态语态be done）中考真题中考真题（2017天门）Every lunch hour，after（59）_（arrive）at his new school，Sam sat alone in the dining hall Before he knew it，Sam had a group of friends，and they all wanted（65）_（help）hi
3、m learn Frencharrivingto help中考真题中考真题（2018天门）They also have to spend their time 39_things that they dont want really to do.A.do B.done C.doing D.to doThen Mr.Lin and several young men went back to the ruins(废墟）_ (look)for food and blankets.to look 功能功能例句例句说明说明主语主语_(swim)here is dangerous.It is dange
4、rous _ here_作作_时常可转时常可转化为用化为用it作形式主作形式主语语表语表语My job is_(look after)my sister._my sister is my job.多数情况下，多数情况下，_作作_，可转，可转换为作主语换为作主语To swim to swim动词不定式动词不定式to look after To look after 动词不定式动词不定式主语主语表语表语考点一考点一 动词不定式（宾语、宾语补语、目的状语）动词不定式（宾语、宾语补语、目的状语）1.It s necessary for us _(talk)to our parents when we
5、have problems.(2015(2015长沙长沙)解析动词不定式作真正主语，it为形式主语。to talk解析答案感受感受真题真题2.My dream is _(travel)around the world.to travel解析动词不定式作解析动词不定式作表表语。语。功能功能例句例句说明说明宾语宾语I want _an actor.我想成为一名演员。只能作某些动词的只能作某些动词的_，一般不作介词的宾语一般不作介词的宾语.某些动某些动词后动词不定式做宾语用词后动词不定式做宾语用it形形式宾语代替如式宾语代替如find,think,feel宾语宾语补足补足语语She asked me
6、 _English.她要求我说英语。不定式作宾补与宾语逻辑上不定式作宾补与宾语逻辑上有主谓关系。常跟动词不定有主谓关系。常跟动词不定式作宾补的谓语动词有：式作宾补的谓语动词有：tell,ask,want,allow,get,expect,encourage等。等。to be 宾语宾语to speak此外，动词不定式可以与此外，动词不定式可以与_连用连用,用作主用作主语、宾语、表语等。语、宾语、表语等。I cant decide _.我不能决定该买哪一件。（作宾语）我不能决定该买哪一件。（作宾语）_ hasnt been discussed.什么时候开始还没有被讨论。（作主语）什么时候开始还没有
7、被讨论。（作主语）疑问词疑问词which one to buyWhen to start解析答案感受感受真题真题1.What does the sign mean?It tells us _ in public.解析动词不定式作宾语解析动词不定式作宾语补足语补足语。2.Both of the jackets look nice on me.I cant decide which one _（choose）解析解析“特殊疑问词动词不定式特殊疑问词动词不定式”作作decide宾语。宾语。not to smoketo choose根据句意或所给单词的适当形式完成句子根据句意或所给单词的适当形式完成句
8、子1.I feel it my duty _(help)them.2.Where _(spend)the weekend hasnt been decided yet.to helpto spend 【温 馨 提 示温 馨 提 示】(1)help后接不定式时可以省略后接不定式时可以省略to；(2)有些动词后接不定式时通常省略有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to：feel,hear,see,watch,notice,let,make,have（简（简记记为一感一听三看三让）。上述动词变为被动语为一感一听三看三让）。上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上态后，其后的不定式必须补上“to”。Tom
9、 helped his brother _(learn)to swim.变为被动语态：变为被动语态：His brother was helped _ to swim by Tom.We often hear Jack _ English songs.变为被动语态：变为被动语态：Jack is often heard _ English songs.(to)learnto learnsingto singHave a tryHave a try1.Iwatchedher_inthenextroomlastnight.A.dancingB.todanceC.dancesD.dance2.Lets_
10、swimmingaftertheexam.A.goB.goesC.togoD.went3.Youdbetter_abus.A.tocatchB.catchC.catchesD.catching(expect)(afford)(decide)(determine)(learn)(wish/hope)(fail)(dare)(manage/try)(demand)(help)(be supposed)(plan)(arrange)(prepare)(promise)(refuse)(pretend)(agree)(offer)(beg)中考真题中考真题1.Shecouldnolongeraffor
11、d_(keep)himatschool.2.Leonardo DiCaprio,famous American actor,was always expecting _an Oscar and finally he made it.A.to win B.will win C.not to win D.not winning3.Wetried_anynoise,foryouweresleeping.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.to make D.makingto keep【巧学妙记巧学妙记】只能接不定式的动词只能接不定式的动词期待（期待（expect）什么能为青春来买单（）什么能
12、为青春来买单（afford）?唯有下定（唯有下定（decide）决心（）决心（determine）好好学（）好好学（learn）就有希望）就有希望(wish/hope)，如若担心会失败如若担心会失败(fail)，敢于，敢于(dare)设法设法(manage)寻求寻求(demand)帮助帮助(help)。理应理应(be supposed)计划计划(plan)安排安排(arrange/try)准备准备(prepare)好，好，承诺承诺(promise)拒绝拒绝(refuse)诱惑，不要假装诱惑，不要假装(pretend)同意同意(agree)，现在给现在给(offer)自己机会，好比将来求自己机会
13、，好比将来求(beg)别人别人定语定语Do you have anything _?你有要说的吗？你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词要放在所修饰词的后面的后面状语状语I come here _ you.我来这里是为了见你。我来这里是为了见你。不定式作状语，不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致句子的主语一致to sayto see1.如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则不定如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则不定式中要有介词。式中要有介词。2.动词不定式作动词不定式作状语状语(1)表示目的表示目的与与in order to,so as to 相同相同(2)表
14、示结果。动词不定式作状语表示结果时常表示结果。动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词与副词too或或enough连用。连用。解析答案感悟中考感悟中考真题真题1.The bookshop sold books at a lower price on April,23rd _(celebrate)the World Book Day解析动词不定式表目的。to celebrate2.Guo Chuan is the first Chinese _(realize)the dream of sailing around the world.解析 动词不定式做定语to realize 考点二考点二 动名词动
15、名词 动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。功能功能例句例句说明说明主语主语_(eat)too much is bad for your health.吃太多对你的健康有害处。吃太多对你的健康有害处。谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数宾语宾语I like _ basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。我非常喜欢打篮球。表示习惯性的动作表示习惯性的动作Stamps are used for _ letters.邮票是用来寄信的。邮票是用来寄信的。Eatingplayingsending功能功能例句例句说明说明表语表
16、语His hobby is_ stamps.他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下可转换多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语为动名词作主语定语定语Bill is in the_ room.比尔在阅览室里。只表明它所修饰的只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关词的用途、所属关系等系等1.The old men enjoy _(listen)to the singing of the birds in the park.listening2._(get)an education,_(work)hard is very important.workingcollectingreadingToget3.Tom does sp
17、eak Chinese well,but his _ and writing skills leave much to improve.A.readed B.to read C.reading D.read4.My sister is interested in _ in her free time.A.watch TV B.reading books C.listening music D.plays basketball enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事喜欢做某事 spend.doing sth.花费花费做某事做某事 cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事忍不住做某
18、事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事想要做某事 be busy doing sth.忙于做忙于做 practice doing sth.练习做某事练习做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事完成做某事 imagine sb.doing sth.想象想象做某事做某事后只接后只接-ing的动词的动词:联想口诀巧记联想口诀巧记 miss doing sth.错过做某事错过做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事建议做某事 keep(on)doing sth.保持（继续）做某事保持（继续）做某事 mind doing sth.介意做某事介意做某事consid
19、er doing sth.考虑做某事考虑做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事值得做某事 只接只接-ing的动词的动词:联想巧记口诀联想巧记口诀 就是喜欢(enjoy)花花花(spend)，忍不住(cant help)想要(feel like)买买买。可是我啊！整天忙于(be busy)做练习(practice)，永远也做完(finish)，只能想象(imagine)喽！错过(miss)了双11，有人建议(suggest)双12，无赖我还得继续(keep)做造业，还要介意(mind)做的对不对,考虑(consider)到将来能被赏识（appreciate），造卡业还是值得(w
20、orth)地1.In order not to be disturbed,I spent three days _ in my study.A.locking B.locked C.to lock D.lock 2.Which way do you like to enjoy _ your holiday,going abroad or staying at home?A.spending B.to spend C.being spent D.spend【温馨提示温馨提示】部分动词既可接动名词作宾语，又可接不定式作宾语，两者部分动词既可接动名词作宾语，又可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别较大。意义
21、区别较大。to do doing remember 记得记得 forger 忘记忘记要做要做做过做过 stop 停止停止/go on 继续继续做另一件事做另一件事 同同一件事一件事 like喜欢喜欢/hate讨厌讨厌 love喜爱喜爱一次性一次性 长期长期 try 尽力做尽力做 尝试做尝试做 Start/begin开始开始 一样一样 1.I forget _(close)the window this morning.2.I remember _(pay)for this book.3.the two girls stopped _(talk)when they saw me.4.the tw
22、o girls stopped _(talk)to me when they saw me.to closepayingtalkingto talk1.They warn me not _(touch)the button.to touch2.He told me not _(is)late for work.to be3.My mother often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays A do B.does C.did D.to do 4.He often goes to the old peoples home _(cheer)up the old a
23、nd look after them.to cheer5.I really appreciate _ to holiday with you on this nice island.A.have time B.having time C.to have time D.to having time 6.He is good at_.A.singing B.sing C.sings D.to sing7.Do you often hear John _in his room?Listen!Now we can hear him _ in his room.A.sing,to sing B.sing
24、,sing C.sing,singing D.to sing,singing 8.To get an education,_(work)hard is needed.9.Its a good habit _(查找）the new words in a dictionary.workingto look up to work10.-Ive shown you all the interesting and important places of our school.-Thank you for_ so much time.A taking B.spending C.costing D.havi
25、ng11.Please have him _(not do)so much housework.12.He was made _(work)ten hours a day.not do13.-Remember_ to my daughters dance show next Friday.-Of course I will.Ill never forget _her dance for the first time last year.A.to come;to see B.coming;to see C.to come;seeing D.coming;seeing 14.-Tim played the guitar very well in the school talent show.-I think so.He practices _ it every day.A.play B.playing C.to play D.plays15.We advise parents_ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.A.not leave B.not to leave C.leave D.to leave
