1、句子结构*I eat bananas.表示主语的状态动作 I eat bananas.动作的对象 I eat bananas.主语的品质 The banana is yellow你需要搭建的框架I eat the yellow bananas.表示动作发生时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式的状态动作I eat bananas quickly.宾语补足语 I told him to eat bananas.句子某一成分进一步解释 I like to eat bananas,a kind of tropical fruit.你需要搭建的框架独立成分感叹词、插入语、称呼词5 主+谓She cries
2、.主+谓+宾She writes a book.主+系+表I am happy.主+谓+双宾I buy you a book.主+谓+宾+宾 补you make me happy.你需要搭建的框架补足语这种句型中的 “宾语 补语”统称为 “复 合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说 明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的 动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1)You should keep the room clean and tidy.你 应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)2)We made him our monitor.(名词)我们
3、选他当班 长。修饰的补足语VS定语3)His father told him not to play in the street.(不 定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。4 )My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)5 )Y esterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需 要有其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态 等,称为宾语补足语,简称宾补.一般情况下,宾补通常 紧跟在宾语之后.常见的动词有:tel
4、l,ask,advise,help,want,would like,order,force,allow等。注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等 后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：1)The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那 项工作。2)I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天 晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。而定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,定语是对名词 或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语
5、中 常用 的表示,定语基本上是作形容词用,主要 用形容词来充当,此外,名词、代词、数词、副词、介 词短语以及动词不定式 (短语)、分词和定语从句 等都可用作定语。The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔.There is nothing to do today.今天没有事要做.The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔.There are five boys left./五个留下的男孩.The boy in the classroom
6、needs a pen of yours./教 室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔.The boy in blue is Tom./穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆.后置定语指的是将修饰名词的定语后置，而宾语补足语是指某 些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾 语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由 名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的 动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。打个比方来说，people sitting on the bed 中的sitting on the bed 就是在修饰people，来说明people的状态，即后置定语。而宾语补足语则可以说是
7、，make him monitor中的monitor则是 在补充说明him的身份，即补充宾语。简单的说，宾语补足语的前面是有宾语，还有一个可以接宾语 的动词的。而后置定语则不会。根据上面的分析，我们先从句子结构上判断。1.不定式：we consider him to be a good teacher.to+be+名词 he proved that theory to be very important.to+be+形容词这两个例子是不定式做宾补。I have a lot of work to do today.to+do(动词)it is time to get up.to+动词这两个句子是
8、不定式做定语。由此可以知道，如果不定式后面跟实意动词，不定式就是做定 语。如果不定式后面跟的是系动词be,就是做宾补。2.介词短语he girl in the red hat is my sister.介词短语修饰主语China is a great country with a long history.介词短语修饰表语。这两例是介词短语做定语注意：介词短语前面根本没有出现实意动词！make yourself at home.介词短语跟在一个实意动词后面，这句话 是介词短语做宾补！(由此可知，出现介词短语，前面有实意动词就是宾补，没有就是 定语。)3.形容词wash your hands c
9、lean.形容词做宾补 can you see anything unusual?形容词做定语。4.现在分词I heard John singing.现在分词做宾补。注意句子中的动词是hearDo you know the boy riding the bike?(宾补和后置定语的区别，简单来说，就是看谓语动词是不 是和需要判断的成分有关联。)1.I heard that you were elected _ this time.A.monitor B.the monitor C.a monitor D.my monitor2.I was fortunate to pick up a wall
10、et _ on the ground on the way back home,but unfortunately for me,I found my color TV set _ when I got home.A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealingC.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing3.Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_.A.worried B.to worry C worrying D worry4
11、 .M rs.B rown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had_ went wrong again.A.it B it repaired C repaired D to be repaired你来试试 5.Prices of daily goods_ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.are bought B bought C been bought D buying6.The flowers_ sweet in the botanic g
12、arden attract the vistors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smell D.to be smelt7.Look at his _ look.It seems as if he had met a _ tiger.A.frightened;frightening B.frightening;frightenedC.frightened;frightened D.frightening;frightening8.The book on the desk to her.A.lying;belinging B.la
13、y;belongC lying;belongs D beling lie你来试试 _ _做完再对答案哦 1.I heard that you were elected _ this time.A.monitor B.the monitor C.a monitor D.my monitor2.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way back home,but unfortunately for me,I found my color TV set _ when I got home.A.lying;stolen
14、 B.laying;stealingC.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing3.Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_.A.worried B.to worry C worrying D worry4 .M rs.B rown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had_ went wrong again.A.it B it repaired C repaire
15、d D to be repaired你来试试 5.Prices of daily goods_ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.are bought B bought C been bought D buying6.The flowers_ sweet in the botanic garden attract the vistors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smell D.to be smelt7.Look at his _ look.It seem
16、s as if he had met a _ tiger.A.frightened;frightening B.frightening;frightenedC.frightened;frightened D.frightening;frightening8.The book on the desk to her.A.lying;belinging B.lay;belongC lying;belongs D beling lie你来试试 _ _pick up a wallet lying on the ground.宾补 I found my color TV set stolen.宾补 The
17、 book lying on the desk belongs to her.后置定语你分清楚了吗 句子种类两种分类法按句子的用途可分四种：1)陈述句 (肯定、否定)：He is six years old.2)疑问句 (一般、特殊、选择、反意)：Do they like skating?How old is he?Mary can swim,cant she?3)祈使句：Be careful,boys.Dont talk in class4)感叹句：How clever the boy is!按句子的结构可分三种：1)2)3)1 e.g.H e often reads E nglish i
18、n themorning.Tom and Mike are American boys.S he likes drawing and often drawspictures for the wall newspapers.He worked hard all his life.He is a school student in No.1 Middle School.2)并列句：句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没 有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连 词连结。e.g.You help him and he h
19、elps you.The future is bright;the road is tortuous.并列句的分类 1表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,not only but also ,neither nor ,then等连接。e.g.T he teacher s name is S mith,and the students name is John.2表示选择，常用的连词有or,either or ,otherwise等。e.g.Hurry up,or you ll miss the train.3表示转折，常用的连词有but,yet,while等。e.g.He was a littl
20、e man with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for等。e.g.A ugust is the time of the year for rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.3)复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括名词性从句 (主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)定语从句和状语从 句等。句型主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句 e.g
21、.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictureswhen they were at the Great Wall.复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这 种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.There is a
22、 chair in this room,isnt there?He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.My brother and I go to school at half pastseven in the morning and come backhome at seven in the evening.主语 不及物动词She came.主语 及物动词 宾语She likes English.主语 系动词 表语She is happy 主语 动词 间接宾
23、语 直接宾语She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语 动词 宾语 宾语补语She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.(There+be There is a book on the desk.)We study in HuangQiao MiddleSchool.She is dancing under the tree.Both of us like English.Her father is a chemist.His words sound
24、reasonable.,We have eight lessons every day.He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.She always keeps the house clean.1.subject ：The sun rises in the east (名词)He likes dancing.(代词)Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)Seeing is believing.(动名词)To see is to believe.(不定式)What he needs is
25、 a book.(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)2.predicate 是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为 或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。We study English.He is asleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.The days get longer and longer when summer comes.Do you usually go t
26、o school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon同位语vs定语一个名词或其它形式，跟在另一个名词或代词后并 对其进行解释、说明或限定，这个名词或其它形式 就是同位语。注意：同位语与被它说明的先行词的格要一致，并且前后两项所指相同，句法功能也相同。同位关系 紧密时不用逗点隔开；同位语只作补充解释时可用逗 点隔开。Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is
27、 very kind to us.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。“Mr.Smith”是主语，“our new teacher”是同位语，指同 一人。We sdudents all respect him Mr.Johnson,our English teacher.我们学生都尊重他，我们的英语老师约翰逊先生。如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位 语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor._他本人对我讲，他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。brother 和John
28、都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分 之间不用逗点隔开。IYesterday I talked to my English teacher,Mr.James.昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。J r _同位语Mr.James补充解释my English teacher,同位语 与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。:He read all kinds of books,ancient and modern,Chinese and foreign.他读过各种各样的古今中外的书籍。People here,men and women,old and young,supported the project.
29、这儿的男女老少都支持这项工程。Then we three,Li Ming,Wang Ping and I,begain to prepare for the trip.接着，李明、王平和我三人开始为那次行程做准备。t定语：修饰名词和代词，可以是形容词、代词、名 词、分词、介词短语或副词和从句，定语一般用在 所修饰词前，当然也存在后置的，如从句，对所修 饰词期限定或修饰作用。同位语：对名词进行解释，它可以是单词、短语或 从句我们还没有接触到从句的练习，但是接下来 的句子会涉及到从句，可以只看做什么成分 就可以。Next,let s talk about the matter who will g
30、o to the conference.下面我们来谈谈这个问题，是谁去开会。（同位语 从句）Next,let s talk about the person who will go to the conference.下面我们来谈谈去开会的人选。（定语从句）r定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属J 于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句 对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于 名词性从句的范畴。The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的？（同位语从句，补充说明n ews到底是一个什么消息）The ne
31、ws that he told me yesterday was true.昨天 他告诉我的那个消息是真的？（定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语）We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他 要来这个消息我们很高兴。（news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的 是同位语从句）:.We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告 诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。（that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只 是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故 that
32、从句为定语从句）j 你能区分吗?The news that he will come back is true.（同位语从句）The news that he told me is true.（定语从句）J*同位语从句中从句是被修饰词的具体内容，是它的补 充说明。:定语从句中从句是起限定作用,不是被修饰词的具体 内容.两句中的被修饰的词都是news,但是第一句中的从 句that he will come back是news的具体内容（补充 说明：消息是他将会回来）；而第二句that he told me就不是news的具体内容了，而是限定他告诉我的 消息.J判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句
33、J1.They expressed the hope that they would cometo visit China again.同位语从句同位语从句2.The hope that she expressed is that theywould come to visit China again.定语从句定语从句3.The fact that she works hard is well knownto us all.同位语从句同位语从句4.I cant stand the terrible noise that she iscrying loudly.I同位语从句同位语从句 5.宾补：
34、对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor.(名词)We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.(名词)We will make them happy.(形容词)We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home.(介词短语)Dont let him do that.(省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(带to不定式)Dont keep the lights burnin
35、g.(现在分词)Ill have my bike repaired.(过去分词)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 S he likes the children to read newspapers andbooks in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.D id you see L i M ing playing footba
36、ll on theplayground just now?to read newspapers and books in the reading-room to take the boy out of school Lily get on the bus playing football on the playground 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a
37、 pen.Give it to Tom.Did he leave any message for me?6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)He is our friend.(代词)We belong to the third world.(数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sist
38、er.(介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2.(现在分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now.(过去分词)I have an idea to do it well.(不定式)You should do everything that I do.(定语从句)7.同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫 同位语。Mr Lin,our headmaster,is giving us a speech.Beijing,capital of Ch
39、ina,is developing fast.The engineer himself repaired it.We all got angry.We two will go to see you.The news that he will come is true.8.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because
40、of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard,you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young,he can do it well.挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he h
41、eard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Lihurried off.on the face Every night when he was eleven fast off We study in HuangQiao MiddleSchool.She is dancing under the tree.Both of us like English.Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.,We have eight lessons every day.He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.She always keeps the house clean.Thanks *
