1、备 战 中 考备 战 中 考非 谓 语 动 词非 谓 语 动 词N o n f i n i t e V e r b s非谓语？What is Nonfinite Verb?非谓语？First,lets see“Verb”谓语？谓语谓语谓语非谓语谓语动词非谓语动词 1.说明主语是什么或做什么,一般在主语后 2.有人称、数、时态、语态的变化 1.不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词 没有人称和数的变化，有to do、V-ing、V-ed的形式非谓语01非谓语动词 分类03非谓语动词 特殊情况04非谓语动词 练习+技巧 02非谓语动词 功能非谓语动词的分类n 不定式(to do)n
2、动名词(v-ing)n 分词(v-ing/v-ed)非谓语动词的分类n 不定式(to do)p 动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形p 否定 not to dop 动词不定式没有人称、数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但可以充当其余句子成分。不定式to do的功能主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语不定式to do作主语 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。但当动词不定式作主语时，常用但当动词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作为形式主语，作为形式主语，而将真正的主语（动词不定式）后置，特别是不而将真正的主语（动词不定式）后置，特别是不定式短语较长的时候。定式短语
3、较长的时候。Eg.To learn English well is very important to us.=It is very important for us to learn English well.形式主语真正的主语不定式to do作宾语 常作某些动词的宾语。常见的接不定式作宾语的常作某些动词的宾语。常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：动词有：want,hope,wish,plan,offer,learn,prefer,manage,agree,need,refuse,advice,agree,decide等等Eg.I want to be a doctor when I grow u
4、p.我长大后想当我长大后想当一名医生。一名医生。What do you plan to do this Saturday?这周六你打算这周六你打算做什么？做什么？I find/think it hard/difficult/easy to remember everything.（记住标志）常见省略to的动词不定式结构：Why not do?/I would rather do/Could you please(not)do?/You had better(not)do sth.Attention不定式to do作定语 不定式作定语要放在所修饰的词的后面。不定式作定语要放在所修饰的词的后面。不
5、定式作定语，通常表示未发生的动作。不定式作定语，通常表示未发生的动作。Eg.I have much homework to do today.今天我有今天我有很多作业要做。很多作业要做。The topic to be discussed at the meeting is still unknown.会议上要讨论的议题仍然未知。会议上要讨论的议题仍然未知。不定式to do作状语 常表目的、结果或原因。常表目的、结果或原因。Eg.To give the teacher a good impression,I decided to sit in the front row.为了给老师留下一为了给老
6、师留下一个好印象，我决定坐在前排。（表目的）个好印象，我决定坐在前排。（表目的）He is old enough to join the army.他到了可以参他到了可以参军的年龄。（表结果）军的年龄。（表结果）To catch the train,I have to get up early.为了为了赶上火车，我必须早起。（表原因）赶上火车，我必须早起。（表原因）不定式to do作补语后面跟动词不定式作补语的动词有：后面跟动词不定式作补语的动词有：tell,ask,want,allow,would like,invite,wish,teach,encourage,expect等；等；而而ma
7、ke,hear,see,watch,let 等词后面常接等词后面常接省略省略to的动词的动词不定式作为补语，但这些词用于被动语态时，必须加上不定式作为补语，但这些词用于被动语态时，必须加上to。Eg.He asked me to turn off the light.他让我关灯。他让我关灯。My mother told me not to stay out late.我妈妈告诉我不要在外面我妈妈告诉我不要在外面待到很晚。待到很晚。I heard him sing in the classroom.我听见他在教室里唱歌。我听见他在教室里唱歌。=he was heard to sing in th
8、e classroom.不定式to do作表语 通常放在通常放在be动词或动词或seem之后，说明主语的性质、之后，说明主语的性质、内容等内容等Eg.His job is to do the dishes.他的工作是洗餐具。他的工作是洗餐具。Her dream is to become a teacher.她的梦想是成为一她的梦想是成为一名老师。名老师。He seems to be angry.他似乎很生气。他似乎很生气。不定式常和疑问词what,which,where,how,when等连用，相当于一个宾语从语的简略形式。Eg.l Could you please tell me how I
9、 can get to the park?=Could you please tell me how to get to the park?你能告诉我如何到公园吗？l I dont know what to do next.我不知道下一步做什么。不定式to do的句法功能 带疑问词的不定式短语带疑问词的不定式短语 修饰全句的不定式为独立不定式。To tell the truth/to be honest（老实说），to conclude（最后，总而言之），to sum up（总而言之），not to mention（更不用说）。Eg.l To tell the truth,I thought
10、I would keep silent.老实说，我本来不想说的。l To conclude,I wish you all good health and a long life.最后，祝大家健康长寿。不定式to do的句法功能 独立不定式独立不定式1Would you like _ some coffee？（）AhaveBto haveChavingDhad2You are supposed_before entering the room.（）AknockBknockingCto knockDwill knock 3Should we be allowed _without wearing
11、a mask口罩？I dont think so.（）Ato get together Bgetting together Cgot together Dto getting together 一战成名4These exchange programs enable students _ their studies in another country.（）AcompleteBto complete CcompletingDto completing5_the 6：00 plane this morning，I have to hurry up.（）ACatching BCaught CTo c
12、atch DCatch 6Could you please _ your mask when you get on the bus?A.wear B.to wear C.wearing D.wore一战成名非谓语动词的分类n 动名词(v-ing)p 动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成动名词(v-ing)的功能主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语动名词(v-ing)作主语 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Eg.Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害处。吃得太多对你的健康有害处。Swimming is a good
13、 sport.游泳是一项很好的运动。游泳是一项很好的运动。动名词(v-ing)作宾语（1）作）作动词的动词的宾语。后接动名词作宾语的动词（短语有）有：宾语。后接动名词作宾语的动词（短语有）有：enjoy,mind,keep,stand（忍受）（忍受）,like,be worth,be busy,have fun,suggest,cant help,consider,have troubles/problems,practice,spend 等等Eg.Students keep working very hard for a good university.学生一直学生一直很努力学习，考个好大学
14、很努力学习，考个好大学。He spends much time reading every day.他每天都花很多时间阅读他每天都花很多时间阅读。动名词(v-ing)作宾语（2）作）作介词的介词的宾语。宾语。Keep on,give up,look forward to,get(be)used to,be tired of,succeed in,be used for,thanks for,be interesting in 等。等。Eg.I am used to getting up early in the morning.我习惯于早晨很早起床。I look forward to hear
15、ing from you.我盼望收到你的来信。动名词(v-ing)作定语动名词作定语时一般表示所修饰词的用途，与所修饰词之动名词作定语时一般表示所修饰词的用途，与所修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系。间没有逻辑上的主谓关系。Eg.The sleeping bus=the bus for sleeping 卧铺汽车A changing room=a room for changing clothes 更衣间A walking stick=a stick for walking 拐杖/手杖动名词(v-ing)作表语动名词作表语时，主语常是表示无生命事物的名词或动名词作表语时，主语常是表示无生命事物的名
16、词或what 引导的名词性从句。引导的名词性从句。Eg.Your task is cleaning the windows.Being laughed at is what I hate most.try doing sth.try to do sth.regret doing sth.regret to do sth.cant help doing sth.cant help(to)do sth.mean doing sth.mean to do sth.forget doing sth.forget to do sth.go on doing sth.go on to do sth.rem
17、ember doing sth.remember to do sth.试着做某事尽力做某事后悔做过某事遗憾地要做某事禁不止。不能帮忙做。意味着。打算做。忘记做过某事忘记去做某事继续做某事（同一件事）继续做某事（另外一件事）记着做过某事记着要做某事Attention有些V-ing和不定式作宾语意义差别很大：allow 允许 mind介意avoid 避免 considern考虑miss 错过 keep 继续advise 建议 permit 允许delay 推迟 suggest 建议enjoy 喜欢 canot help 禁不住finish 完成 risk 冒的危险imagine 想象 practi
18、se 练习Attention后跟V-ing形式作宾语的常用动词:1.Mary dances best in our school.I agree.Ill never forget _ her dance for the first time.A.seeing B.to see C.see D.seen2.You can only keep the books for two weeks,Tom.Remember_them on time.I will.A.return B.returning C.to return D.returned 3.Richard turned off the com
19、puter after he had finished_.A.work B.to work C.working D.worked 一鼓作气非谓语动词的分类n 分词(v-ing/v-ed)p 分词分为现在分词和过去分词。p 现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成。p 过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形+ed”，但也有不规则的形式。p 现在分词有主动、进行之意；过去分词有被动、完成p 之意。分词(v-ing/v-ed)的功能主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语分词(v-ing/v-ed)作定语现在分词、过去分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。现在分词、过去分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。Eg.Do y
20、ou know the girl standing there?你认识站在那边的那个女孩吗？Please hand in your written exercises.请上交你们的书面练习。The meeting held last week is very important.上周举行的会议非常重要。（被动，会议被举办；且动作已完成）Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.告诉在那玩儿的孩子们不要太吵闹。分词(v-ing/v-ed)作状语分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。Eg.T
21、hey went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.他们谈笑着走出教室。Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.听到这个消息，他们都高兴得跳了起来。Seen from the top of the hill,the city looked like a big garden.从山顶上看，这个城市像个大花园。分词(v-ing/v-ed)作补语现在分词作补语，与被补足的宾语或主语之间是主动关系；现在分词作补语，与被补足的宾语或主语之间是主动关系；过去分词作补语，与被补足的宾语或主语之间是被动关系。过去分词
22、作补语，与被补足的宾语或主语之间是被动关系。Eg.It is impolite to keep others waiting.让别人等是不礼貌的。（wait和others之间是主动关系）I got my bike repaired just now.我刚让人修理了我的自行车。（bike和repaired之间是被动关系）分词(v-ing/v-ed)作表语 现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征；现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词作表语表示某种状态。过去分词作表语表示某种状态。Eg.The film is very moving.这部电影很感人。The blackboard is bro
23、ken.这块黑板碎了。gone 走了；去世broken 碎的lost 遗失的tired 感觉疲劳的interested 感兴趣的pleased 感到高兴的surprised 感到惊讶的excited 感到兴奋的worried 感到担忧的Attention具有形容词性质的过去分词形式：总结：动名词v-ing 和 现在分词 v-ing主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语动名词动名词现在分词BothBothBoth二者具体分析 可用随赠的文档进行讲解和补充非谓语动词的答题技巧n 判断是否用非谓语动词。p 技巧：一是看是否有逗号，二是看是否有谓语，三是看是否有连词。p 英语中逗号不连接两个独立的句子，一个句子
24、若没有连词，且只能有一个谓语。非谓语动词的答题技巧n 判断主动还是被动。p 技巧：找非谓语动词的逻辑主语，并判断是主谓关系还是动宾关系。一般主谓关系用doing或者to do，动宾关系用done。非谓语动词的答题技巧n 判断时态。p 技巧：如果非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动作之前，常用完成时；同时发生的用进行时；将来发生的用不定式。Eg.p The building to be built next year will be a restaurant.p Having waited for two hours,he went away.勇往直前1.Water park is a good plac
25、e _.A.to have fun B.have fun C.having fun D.to have a fun1.A 动词不定式 to have fun 作名词 place 的 后置定语。“have fun”为固定搭配勇往直前2.We dont know _ it next.Lets go and ask Mr.Li.A.what to do B.to do whatC.whether to do D.to do whether2.C what 为疑问代词，本来可以作 do 的宾语，若选A则空线后的 it 多余；whether 可以引导 to do，是否做某事。勇往直前3.Mike wen
26、t to the library_ some books yesterday.A.Borrow B.to borrow C.borrows D.borrowed3.B 动词不定式 表目的。勇往直前4._in a long queen,we waited for the store to open to buy a new ipad.A.Standing B.To standC.Stood D.Stand 4.A 一看有逗号，二看有谓语 waited，三看无连词，所以用非谓语，stand和we之间是主动关系，故用用现在分词作状语，standing勇往直前5.When we saw the roa
27、d_ with snow,we decided to stay at home.A.block B.to block C.blocking D.blocked5.D road为block的逻辑主语，且为动宾关系，故用被动形式，过去分词。勇往直前6.-Do you have any difficulty in _ English?-Yes,but I try to make myself_.A.to speak;understood B.speaking;to understandC.to speak;to understand D.speaking;understood6.D 我努力使自己被（
28、别人）理解，动宾关系，过去分词形式。勇往直前7.-I think you should stop _ him in English.-I see.He cant understand English at all.Let me try in France.A.talking to B.to talk to C.talk to D.to talking to7.A stop to do sth.停下来去做某事；stop doing sth.停止做某事8.Some people enjoy _ out their messages in bottles when they travel on th
29、e sea.A.to send B.send C.sending D.sent 9.As we all know,a person learns many things by making mistakes and_them.A.corrects B.correct C.to correct D.correcting 10.Larry hopes _his English,so he keeps practicing it every day.A.to solve B.solving C.to improve D.improving 勇往直前11.Im Daisy,not Jessie Sor
30、ry,I have diffculty _ peoples names.A.remembering B.rememberC.to remember D.remembered 12.Our parents wont allow us _ in the river alone.A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.swam 13.The government will take action _the problem of heavy extracurricular burdens（课外负担）on primary and middle school students.A.deciding B.decide C.solving D.to solve勇往直前
