1、2023-2-201一轮复习:词法-名词1、了解什么是“名词”及名词的分类 2、掌握可数名词变复数的规则及不规则变化 3、了解什么是不可数名词及复数变化方式 4、掌握名词所有格5、掌握名词在句子中的成份中考考查形式:选择题及词语运用。名词nouns(n.):概念:是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写对于一些无法分割的名词,将其看作一个整体。一些因其组成太多而不易数的名词。草_头发_大米_盐_grassgrasshairhairricericesaltsalt表示总称的概念(不可数)表示总称概念下的具体事物(常可数)ClothingClothing衣服毛衣_长裤_
2、FurnitureFurniture家具 椅子_ 桌子_ _ _ 床_FruitFruit水果苹果_香蕉_ 草莓_sweatersweaters strousertrousers schairchairs stabletables sbedbeds sappleapples sbananabananas sstrawberrstrawberriesies抽象的名词。表示学科名称的名词。艺术_健康_帮助_爱_化学_ 历史_数学_artarthealthhealthhelphelplovelovechemistrychemistryhistoryhistorymathmath可数名词单数的表达一般
3、可用a,an,one来修饰注:a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前 *a book *an English book *an hour *a useful bookpeople人们 police警察 family家庭 class班级 team团队 government政府staff全体职员 group组 exercise 锻炼;information 信息;news 新闻;houswork 家务;waste废物;population人口;space 空间;advice 建议;集体名词作主语时,谓语动词可用单数或复数,具体视具体情况而定。如果是作为一个整体看待则用单数,如果强
4、调组成集体的成员则用复数。Jim 吉姆吉姆 water 水水information 信息信息housework 家务家务leaf 树叶树叶house 房子房子watch 手表手表rain 雨水雨水China 中国中国 beef 牛肉牛肉 wind 风风English 英语英语 Friday 星期五星期五 paper 纸纸chocolate 巧克力巧克力Mr.Smith 史密斯先生史密斯先生;hair 头发头发tomato 番茄番茄advice 建议建议coke 可乐可乐jam 果酱果酱snow 雪雪brother 兄弟兄弟coat外套外套July 七月七月 honey 蜂蜜蜂蜜exercise
5、 锻炼锻炼 the Yellow River 黄河黄河rice 米饭米饭 watch 手表手表名词或名词词组在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语(即除“谓语”以外的句子成分)。The money(主语)in itself meant nothing to him.金钱本身对他毫无意义。Keep the medicine(宾语)out of the childrens reach(介词宾语).把药放在小孩够不到的地方。She is a famous doctor.(表语)她是个名医。My brother is a middle school(定语)student.我的弟弟是个中学生
6、。Wait a minute(状语)please.请稍候。ChangSha,the capital(同位语)of Hunan province is in the middle of China.湖南省省会长沙在华中。She named him Tom(宾语补足语)他给他取名叫汤姆。名词作定语时的三个注意点1.名词作定语时,一般用单数形式。例如:many banana trees很多香蕉树two history teachers两位历史老师2.man,woman用于名词前作定语时,其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。例如:a woman drivertwo women driversa
7、 man doctorthree men doctorsfloweflower rflowerflowers s找规律,总结规则watchwatch esesfactory-factory-factorifactoriesesleaf-lealeaf-leavesvesboxbox eses名词的复数形式 1.可数名词规则变化(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog dogs *book books (2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box boxes *watch watches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country c
8、ountries *factory factories 请区别:如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy boys holiday-holidays monkey monkeys (4)以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es”/vz/*half halves *shelf shelves *knife knives *leaf leaves 树叶半数自己树叶半数自己黄黄 妻子妻子拿拿刀刀去杀去杀狼狼 架架后后小偷小偷逃逃命命忙忙tomatotomatoesespotatopotatoesesheroheroesespianopianos s(5)以o结尾的名词,无生命的
9、+s,读作/z/.有生命的加es *piano pianos *zoo zoos potato potatoes tomato tomatoesfoot-child-tooth-mouse-名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化(1)man-woman-男女孩子的脚踩男女孩子的脚踩住老鼠的牙住老鼠的牙feetteethchildrenmicemenwomena sheeptwo sheepa Chinesetwo Chinesea Japaneseseveral Japanese名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化(2):(2):单复数同形单复数同形some deer two fish中
10、日鱼鹿羊中日鱼鹿羊口口诀诀常以复数形式出现的名词comearelike复数复数2.可数名词不规则变化(1)单复数同形*Chinese Chinese fish fish Japanese Japanese sheepsheep(2)变元音字母oo为ee*tooth teeth foot feet (3).变man为 men man men woman women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 请区别:German(德国人)Germans (“中日”不变“英法”变,其余s加后面)(4).常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes sho
11、es trousers glasses 这些名词作主语时,注意它们的谓语用复数*My clothes are newer than yours.1.Several _ are talking under the tree1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd And they are talking about_.they are talking about_.A Awoman;children woman;children B Bwoman;child woman;child C Cwomen;childrenwomen;children2.The
12、re are three 2.There are three in my family.in my family.A.peoples B.person C.children A.peoples B.person C.children3.Some _ came to our school for a visit that 3.Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.day.A.Germans B.Germen A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies C.Germany D.Germanies 4.In
13、 the picture there are many_ and 4.In the picture there are many_ and two_.two_.A.sheeps;knifes B.sheeps;knife A.sheeps;knifes B.sheeps;knife C.sheep;knives C.sheep;knives D.sheep;knife D.sheep;knife 5.There are four_and two_in the group.5.There are four_and two_in the group.A.Japanese A.Japanese,Ge
14、rmen Germen B.Japaneses B.Japaneses,GermenGermen C.Japanese C.Japanese,German German D.Japanese D.Japanese,GermansGermansCACCDideaswatchesbabiesboysknivesleavesphotostomatoes3.不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water,rice,fish,meat,work chalk time space music等。用法1 单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数 *Some bread is over there.
15、*No news is good news.用法2 不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰,常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,lots of,some,any等修饰 *They had much money.*He does little housework at home.*a rice(X)two bread(X)3.不可数名词 用法3 可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量,但单位后面的可数名词用复数,不可数名词形式不变 *a bag of apples *a piece of paper *three glasse
16、s of orange用法4 有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化,同一个词,但意思不同 glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)work(工作)a work(著作)time(时间)times(次数)1.Please give me _ paper.1.Please give me _ paper.A.one B.a pieces A.one B.a pieces C.a pieceC.a pieceD.a D.a piece ofpiece of2.This table is made of_.2.This table is made of_.A.many glass B.som
17、e glasses C.glasses D.glass A.many glass B.some glasses C.glasses D.glass3.What can I do for you,sir?3.What can I do for you,sir?Id like two_.Id like two_.A.bottle of milk B.bottles of A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milksmilks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks4.W
18、e can do the work better with_money and 4.We can do the work better with_money and _ people._ people.A.less,fewer B.fewer,less A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few,few C.little,little D.few,few DDCA3.名词前的修饰语修饰可数名词 a,an,one,two以及 how many,many,a few,few修饰不可数名词how much,much,a little,little,
19、既可修饰可数,也可修饰不可数some,any,lots of,a lot of 等名词所有格:表示名词间的所有关系“的”一.名词所有格的构成方法 1.一般情况下,在有生命的名词后加“s”Xiaomings father Lucys book 2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“”即可 Teachers office The Greens house 3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“s”*Children s Day *men s shoes 4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词,构成所属关系的短语 *the color of the wall *a picture of the
20、classroom1.June 1st is _Day.All the Children enjoy 1.June 1st is _Day.All the Children enjoy it very much.it very much.A.Children B.Childrens A.Children B.Childrens C.Childrens D.Child C.Childrens D.Child2.The two bedroom are the _.2.The two bedroom are the _.A.twins B.twins C.twins D.twins A.twins
21、B.twins C.twins D.twinsCC 重难点突破讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因Our hospital needs two_doctors,Mrs.Li.Our hospital needs two_doctors,Mrs.Li.You can ask your son to have a try.You can ask your son to have a try.A.women B.man A.women B.man C.woman D.men C.woman D.menD1.1.名词修饰另一名词时,一般用单数 *There are three banana trees ov
22、er there.2.2.man woman用做定语时,单复数应与后面的名词保持数的一致 *We need a man teacher.*They are all women workers.3.3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式 *a sports star *a clothes shop1.Do you know the two_ (girl student)?2.Do you know the two_(woman teacher)?3.I want to buy a pair of _(运动鞋运动鞋).girl students women teachers spo
23、rts shoes2.This pair of shorts_too expensive.I 2.This pair of shorts_too expensive.I cant cant afford_.afford_.A.A.are,them B.are,itare,them B.are,itC.is,them D.is,C.is,them D.is,ititC 重难点突破当出现“单位+of+名词”时,谓语动词应根据“单位”的单复数决定。This pair of shoes is nice.比较:The shoes are nice.Here are two pieces of news.
24、比较:The news is wonderful.3.The model plane was made by a _ boy.3.The model plane was made by a _ boy.A.ten-years-old B.ten-year-A.ten-years-old B.ten-year-olderolder C.ten-year-old D.ten-year C.ten-year-old D.ten-year oldoldC 重难点突破 当数词与单位名词一起构成合成形容词做定语时,单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。*He is a fourteen-ye
25、ar-old boy.*This is a two-hour plan.4.The police_on the street when 4.The police_on the street when accident happened.accident happened.A.is B.are C.was D.A.is B.are C.was D.werewereD 重难点突破 名词做主语时,应注意名词的数,避免主谓不一致。*Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers.她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。5.Where is
26、 Tom?5.Where is Tom?-He has gone to the _.-He has gone to the _.A.teacher B.A.teacher B.teachers teachers C.teachers D.C.teachers D.teachersteachersD 重难点突破 可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略 *my aunts(home)(我姑姑家)*go to the teachers (office)(去老师办公室)6.Lucy is _ sister.6.Lucy is _ sister.A.Mary and Jack A.Mary and
27、Jack B.Marys and Jacks B.Marys and Jacks C.Mary and Jacks C.Mary and Jacks D.Mary and Jacks D.Mary and JacksD 重难点突破 表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“ss”*Lucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房间(两人共有一间房间)表示两人分别拥有,在每个名词后加“ss”请区别:Lucys and Lilys rooms 露西的房间和莉莉的房间 (两人各有一间房间)7.Look at that old man.He is_.A.a friend of my B.a frie
28、nd of mine C.A mes friend D.a my friend B 重难点突破物主代词与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any等词共同修饰名词时,需用双重所有格,其构成为名词+of+名词所有格(或名词性物主代词)8.Its _from our school to my home.A.ten minutes walk B.ten minutes walkC.ten minute walk D.ten minutes walkA 重难点突破名词所有格(s)也可以用于无生命的东西,主要用于时间,度量单位等名词之后two months vacation
29、a miles distance此表达可以和合成形容词互换two months vacation=two-month vacation1.Could you please get me some _?Im hungry.A.appleB.water C.bread D.egg2.Something is wrong with my_.I cant see anything around me.A.nose B.ears C.eyes D.mouth3.Mr.White has a beautiful garden with many _ in it.A.flowers B.grass C.vi
30、llages D.water 直击中考CCA4.-How far is your cousins home from here?-Its about two _ drive.A.hours B.hours C.hours D.hour5.Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday.He is my favorite _ A.worker B.teacher C.dancer D.player 直击中考CD6.All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday.Aman B.men C.woman D.women 直击中考D2023-2-2048Thanks!