1、宾语从句宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句属于名词性从句，宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。在句中作主句的宾语。e.g.We know Mr.Green teaches English.She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素：二、宾语从句三要素：连连 接接 词：词：时时 态态语语 序序（一）连（一）连 接接 词词1.连词连词that引导：从句的原句是陈述句。引导：从句的原句是陈述句。that在口语可以省略在口语可以省略 I hear that English is not easy.We believe(th
2、at)he is honest.2.if/whether“是否是否”，用它，用它引导从句，引导从句，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在用在ask,wonder,can(could)you tell me 等后。原句为一般疑问句，选择疑等后。原句为一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句。问句或反意疑问句。e.g.Could you tell me if(whether)Miss Brown lives in that house?I dont know if(whether)she will come here.Sorry,I dont know whether
3、 hewill come or not.3.当从句原本是特殊疑问句时，用以下连接代词当从句原本是特殊疑问句时，用以下连接代词和连接副词引导：和连接副词引导：what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,how,why,how far,how long,how many,how much,how often作用：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成作用：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义。分，具有一定的意义。eg:I didnt hear what he wanted me to do.I want to know who is that youn
4、g man.Tom asked us when we would start.（二）语序：陈述句语序（二）语序：陈述句语序 （三）（三）时态时态：主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。时态。主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态态。即：主句即：主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分其他成分）Do you still remember what he said?(他说的什么他说的什么)?特殊情况特殊情况：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。名言
5、时，任用现在时。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.Could you tell me where the bookshop is.2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。The teacher told me she was born in 1960.三、三、宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项(一一)当从句的原句为当从句的原句为以下句子以及以下句
6、子以及what,who作主语时，作主语时，语序不变语序不变：Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Whats happening?eg:I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?(二二)只能用只能用whether不能用不能用if的情况的情况1.在介词后面：在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We didnt think about whether it would rain the next day.2.在动词不定式前：在动词不
7、定式前：They asked me whether to sit at the front.3.当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择 时时:I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping oror tidy the room.4.宾语从句提前时：宾语从句提前时：Whether this is true or not,I cant say.(三三)用用if不用不用whe
8、ther的情况的情况:1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时引导否定概念的宾语从句时：He asked me if I hadnt finish my homework.2.引导条件状语从句，引导条件状语从句，if意为意为 “如果如果”时时:Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.四、四、宾语从句转化为简单句宾语从句转化为简单句1.当主从句的主语一致时：当主从句的主语一致时：1)I dont know what I shall do next.I dont know what to do next.2)John didnt decide which shirt
9、 he would buy.John didnt decide which shirt to buy.2.当主句的谓语含有双宾语时，如果间当主句的谓语含有双宾语时，如果间宾与从句（直宾）中的主语一致时：宾与从句（直宾）中的主语一致时：1)Can you tell me how I can get to the police station?Can you tell me how to get to the police station?2)Please show me how I should start the recorder.Please show me how to start the
10、 recorder.3.当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是order,require(要求，指示要求，指示)等时，如果主等时，如果主句和从句的主语句和从句的主语 不一致，不一致，宾语从宾语从句可转化为句可转化为“名词（代词）名词（代词）+不定不定式式”结构结构:The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.The headmaster ordered us to start at once.4.其他转换其他转换：1)He insisted（坚持）（坚持）that he should go with us.He insisted on
11、going with us.2)We found that the box was very heavy.We found that the box very heavy.引导词引导词 句子类型句子类型 that陈述句陈述句一般疑问句一般疑问句if/whether特殊疑问词特殊疑问词 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句主句时态主句时态从句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时来时、祈使句时 根据句意的需要用根据句意的需要用任意一种时态任意一种时态 一般过去时一般过去时 与原句相对应的过与原句相对应的过去的时态去的时态 客观事实、真理、客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警自然现象、名言警句
12、、谚语等句、谚语等 一律用一般现在一律用一般现在时时 宾语从句三件事，宾语从句三件事，时态语序连接词；时态语序连接词；主从时态要一致，主从时态要一致，陈述语序才合适；陈述语序才合适；一般问句做从句，一般问句做从句，连接词连接词if别忘记；别忘记；特殊问句做宾从，特殊问句做宾从，特殊问词莫漏掉。特殊问词莫漏掉。Make sentences He asked why you are so happy?Why are you so Happy?Am I taller than you?if/whether he was taller than them.He asked 有了以上的知识作基础，练练你
13、的能力，相信你一定能作对这些题。1.I want to know _ _he can be here on time.A.who B.when C.where D.if2.Could you tell me _?A.what your mother do B.what does your mother do C.your mother does D.what your mother does3.Did you know _ a sports meeting next Saturday?A.there would have to be B.if there were C.if there was
14、 going to be D.there was going to have4.Tell me _,please.A.How old is he B.how old he isC.he is how old D.how old does he一选择填空一选择填空DDCB1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hea
15、r they _(return)it already.5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)6.He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)7.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)8.I think you _ about the murder now.(talk)will be goes were playing have returned had been travels
16、are talking were doingExercise:fill in the blanks将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to go skiing?He asked.4.He is doing his homework.He said.5.He will come back.Tom said.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.
